BBC Russian

Chunfen

Chinese name

春分

Literal meaning

vernal equinox

Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	chūnfēn
Bopomofo	ㄔㄨㄣㄈㄣ
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	chēun fān
Jyutping	ceon¹ fan¹
Southern Min
Tâi-lô	tshun-hun

Vietnamese name

Vietnamese alphabet

xuân phân

Chữ Hán

春分

Korean name

Hangul

춘분

Hanja

春分

Transcriptions
Revised Romanization	chunbun

Japanese name

Kanji

春分

Hiragana

しゅんぶん

Transcriptions
Romanization	shunbun

Solar term
Term	Longitude	Dates
Lichun	315°	4–5 February
Yushui	330°	18–19 February
Jingzhe	345°	5–6 March
Chunfen	0°	20–21 March
Qingming	15°	4–5 April
Guyu	30°	20–21 April
Lixia	45°	5–6 May
Xiaoman	60°	21–22 May
Mangzhong	75°	5–6 June
Xiazhi	90°	21–22 June
Xiaoshu	105°	7–8 July
Dashu	120°	22–23 July
Liqiu	135°	7–8 August
Chushu	150°	23–24 August
Bailu	165°	7–8 September
Qiufen	180°	23–24 September
Hanlu	195°	8–9 October
Shuangjiang	210°	23–24 October
Lidong	225°	7–8 November
Xiaoxue	240°	22–23 November
Daxue	255°	7–8 December
Dongzhi	270°	21–22 December
Xiaohan	285°	5–6 January
Dahan	300°	20–21 January

The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms.^[1] Chūnfēn, Shunbun, Chunbun, or Xuân phân is the 4th solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 0° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 15°. In the Gregorian calendar, it usually begins around 20 March and ends around 4 April (5 April East Asia time). It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 0°.

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Transcription

Pentads

Each solar term can be divided into 3 pentads (候). They are: first pentad (初候), second pentad (次候) and last pentad (末候). Pentads in Chunfen include:

China

First pentad: 玄鳥至, 'The dark birds arrive'. 'Dark bird' in this case refers to swallows, which are also making their northward migration.^[2]
Second pentad: 雷乃發聲, 'Thunder sounds', referring to the onset of spring thunderstorms.^[2]
Last pentad: 始電, 'Lightning begins'. This refers to thunderstorms as well, but also to the gradual lengthening of daytime, and the prevalence of sunlight.^[2]

Japan

A pentad as follows was referred to Japanese traditional calendar presented in a smaller, easy to use, format.

First pentad: Suzume hajimete sukuu (雀始巣), 'Sparrow begins holding a nest'.^[3]
Second pentad: Sakura hajimete hiraku (桜始開), 'Cherry blossoms open for the first time'.^[3]
Last pentad: Kaminari sunawachi koeo hassu (雷乃発声), 'Distant thunder start to sound'.^[3]

Date and time

Date and Time (UTC)
year	begin	end
辛巳	2001-03-20 13:30	2001-04-04 17:24
壬午	2002-03-20 19:16	2002-04-04 23:18
癸未	2003-03-21 00:59	2003-04-05 04:52
甲申	2004-03-20 06:48	2004-04-04 10:43
乙酉	2005-03-20 12:33	2005-04-04 16:34
丙戌	2006-03-20 18:25	2006-04-04 22:15
丁亥	2007-03-21 00:07	2007-04-05 04:04
戊子	2008-03-20 05:48	2008-04-04 09:45
己丑	2009-03-20 11:43	2009-04-04 15:33
庚寅	2010-03-20 17:32	2010-04-04 21:30
辛卯	2011-03-20 23:20	2011-04-05 03:11
壬辰	2012-03-20 05:14	2012-04-04 09:05
癸巳	2013-03-20 11:01	2013-04-04 15:02
甲午	2014-03-20 16:57	2014-04-04 20:46
乙未	2015-03-20 22:48	2015-04-05 02:39
丙申	2016-03-20 04:30	2016-04-04 08:26
丁酉	2017-03-20 10:30	2017-04-04 14:19
戊戌	2018-03-20 16:24	2018-04-04 20:15
己亥	2019-03-20 22:06	2019-04-05 01:51
庚子	2020-03-20 03:54	2020-04-04 07:37
Source: JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System

References

^ Zhang, Peiyu; Hunag, Hongfeng( (1994). "The Twenty-four Solar Terms of the Chinese Calendar and the Calculation for Them". Purple Mountain Observatory. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Kondō Heijō (近藤瓶城), ed. (1901). 新加纂録類 (Shinka Sanrokurui). Vol. 19. (Meiji 34). Tokyo: 近藤活版所 (Kondō Kappansho). p. 110. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c Fujisawa, Morihiko (1961). 年中行事編 (Nenjū Gyōjihen). Vol. 7. Tokyo: Akane Shobō. p. 103. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

Preceded by Jingzhe (驚蟄)	Solar term (節氣)	Succeeded by Qingming (清明)

This page was last edited on 3 April 2024, at 13:06