In phonetics and phonology, a dental stop is a type of consonantal sound, made with the tongue in contact with the upper teeth (hence dental), held tightly enough to block the passage of air (hence a stop consonant).[1]
Dental and alveolar stops are often conflated.[2] Acoustically, the two types of sounds are similar, and it is rare for a language to have both types. The International Phonetic Alphabet does not provide separate symbols for dental stops, but simply uses the diacritic U+032A ◌̪ COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW attached to the corresponding alveolar symbol.[3] As a result, it is common for researchers working in the majority of languages with only one type or the other to simply use the alveolar symbols indifferently for both types, unless they specifically want to call attention to the distinction.
The most common sounds are the stops [t̪] and [d̪]. More generally, several kinds are distinguished:[4]
- [t̪], voiceless dental plosive
- [d̪], voiced dental plosive
- [t̪ʼ], dental ejective
- [ɗ̪ ], voiced dental implosive
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[ d̪ ] voiced unaspirated apical dental stop
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[ t̪⁼ ] unvoiced unaspirated apical dental stop
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[ t̪ʰ ] unvoiced aspirated apical dental stop
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[ t̪ˠ ] unvoiced unaspirated velarized apical dental stop
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[ tˤ ] unvoiced unaspirated pharyngealized apical alveolar stop
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Notes
- ^ Shipp T (April 1973). "Intraoral air pressure and lip occlusion in midvocalic stop consonant production". Journal of Phonetics. 1 (2): 167–170. doi:10.1016/s0095-4470(19)31420-2. ISSN 0095-4470.
- ^ Silbert NH (May 2012). "Syllable structure and integration of voicing and manner of articulation information in labial consonant identification". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 131 (5): 4076–86. Bibcode:2012ASAJ..131.4076S. doi:10.1121/1.3699209. PMC 3356321. PMID 22559380.
- ^ "International Phonetic Alphabet". www.translationdirectory.com. Retrieved 2020-02-24.
- ^ The International Phonetic Alphabet in Unicode. UCL Division of Psychology & Language Sciences.
This page was last edited on 8 December 2021, at 10:54