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Emmanouel Pappas

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A statue of Emmanouel Pappas in Serres.
A bust of Emmanouel Pappas in Athens.

Emmanouel Pappas (Greek: Εμμανουήλ Παππάς; 1772–1821) was a prominent member of Filiki Eteria and leader of the Greek War of Independence in Macedonia.[1]

YouTube Encyclopedic

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  • Revolutionary Struggle/1st day of Trial
  • ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΚΟΣ ΑΓΩΝΑΣ 2/2
  • Macedonian Revolutionary activity 1821-1822 HD
  • Greek War of Independence 1821 02
  • Emmanouil Papas,Leader and Defender of Macedonia-the Greek uprising of 1821 in Macedonia

Transcription

It has been historically recorded - and has also been worded in mass media... ... that the attack of the State against Revolutionary Struggle and our arrests ... ... are connected with the imposition on the Greek society of the junta of the troika and PASOK government. They have been associated with the first memorandum agreement ... ... for the country’s vassalage to transnational economic and political elites ... ... signed by the social-fascists of government in the manner of a military coup. Ever since, the country has entered a dark period of unprecedented savagery ... ... by the Capital and the political power that attempts ... ... to loot inexorably the social wealth ... ... and exploit fiercely the human labour of the non-privileged. In the midst of the greatest systemic crisis ... ... that today has blown apart capitalism and the market economy ... ... has eroded the political and social structures of representative democracy ... ... and has undermined irreparably its social foundations ... ... the survival of the economic and political system ... ... presupposes the euthanasia of large parts of the population. This is commonly experienced by most people ... ... and as we have mentioned it in our political letter to society by which ... ... we took political responsibility for our participation in Revolutionary Struggle ... ... it concerns an occupation that competes in violence with the occupation by the Nazis during the WWII ... ... a fact that constitutes a common consciousness in this country. Today, one and a half years later, the trial against Revolutionary Struggle ... ... will be historically associated with the official failure of the Greek state. The internal suspension of payments is already a fact. Ôhe process of failure is underway and will soon be total ... ... and according to our view – a view that is stated in previous text – it will be uncontrollable in the end. The action of Revolutionary Struggle, a revolutionary action ... ... with strictly political characteristics and deep social and class criteria ... ... today largely reflects a political tendency ... ... that diffuses further into society every day ... ... that of the immediate and urgent need to organize an attack, even armed ... ... against economic and political power. Today the need for an armed proletarian counterattack against the rotten system ... ... is not expressed solely in the texts of Revolutionary Struggle ... ... it is to be found in the thoughts and the lips of an ever-increasing number of people ... ... as it is incresingly recognized as the only way ... ... to get rid of from us the contemporary dictatorship of the State and Capital ... ... to exit definitively the systemic crisis, to prevent the erasure of the humanity and the planet ... ... from the crude exploitation of the transnational elite. For us, this trial consists of one more moment in our struggle ... ... as was also the period of our captivity in the cells of the regime. We never stop, not for an instant, fighting against ... ... contemporary totalitarianism, against the capitalist system and against representative democracy. We never stop to send forth a cry, even from within the cells, for the necessity of Social Revolution. In this trial it is not Revolutionary Struggle that will be judged. It is the system and its puppets that will be judged. The action of our organisation and its associated actions ... ... will be revealed as a necessity in stopping the regime's attack against the non-privileged layers of society ... ... a necessity to propel the social revolution forward. In this trial it is not Revolutionary Struggle that will be judged as a terrorist organisation. It is the socialist-fascist government of Pasok and the political power ... ... for organising and realising the most brutal terror attack against society. It is the economic elite, the most violent terrorist gang ... ... that sucks people's blood and grows rich by undertaking massive and systematic assassinations ... ... of the less privileged social layers, that will be judged. It is the regime and its henchmen that will be judged. It is all those who constitute the servants of global capital that will be judged. It is the economic and political system that will be judged, as responsible ... ... for the greatest crimes ever committed in human history. One and a half years later, we are here, strong, unrepentant and proud of ... ... the organisation and the political choices of struggle that we have made. Revolutionary Struggle is alive and forms an integral part ... ... not only of the greek, but also the international revolutionary movement. They failed to bend us; they will never succeed to break us. In the end, the winners will be us. Honour forever to comrade of Revolutionary Struggle, Lambros Fountas. LONG LIVE THE SOCIAL REVOLUTION contrainfo.espiv.net

Biography

Pappas was born in Dovista (Δοβίστα), Serres regional unit, a village which is now named after him (Emmanouil Papas). Son of a priest, Pappas excelled in commerce and banking, not only in Macedonia, but also in Europe, establishing trading posts in Constantinople, Vienna and Budapest, despite the limited education he received.

Being one of the founding members of Filiki Etaireia, after the outbreak of the War, he dedicated his fortune to organising and financing guerrilla troops. In March, 1821, he tried to coordinate his actions in Eastern Macedonia, with Anastasios Karatasos, who had started the revolution in West, with a view to spread it through the entire region, but their actions were not well synchronized, and had little success.

The Revolution in Macedonia

In Spring of 1821, he led 4,000 Macedonian fighters and landed to Chalkidiki, in Agion Oros, where on May 23 he started the Revolution, after all the leaders where grouped in the Koutloumousiou monastery. Quickly, the rise spread to Polygyros, Arnaia, Ormylia, Sithonia, and the area of Kalamaria.

Pappas was then named Leader and Defender of Macedonia and divided his force in two parts, the first under his leadership, moved towards Apollonia in order to intercept Ottoman forces moving from Constantinople and the second under Stamos Kapsas, through Arnaia and the mount Cholomon, reached Sedes outside Thessaloniki. After some impressive accomplishments in the beginning, where he managed to liberate the most part of the peninsula and even to threaten Thessaloniki, his lack of communication with Karatassos and the propinquity of Chalkidiki to Thessaloniki, where massive Ottoman troops were stationed, enabled the Ottomans to move against him with large forces.

At first, Kapsas, not having enough forces to advance, retreated to Vasilika, Thessaloniki near the monastery of Saint Anastasia, where he was outflanked and overrun by superior Ottoman forces. Kapsas chose not to leave but to fight and with 68 men he put up a desperate struggle of which none survived.

Pappas was then forced to withdraw in Pallene and entrench in the ruins of ancient Potidaea, where on October 30 he was attacked by a 14,000 men corps, led personally by Mehmed Emin Pasha, Vali of Thessaloniki. Despite his efforts, the town was seized and burned, alongside many villages, however Pappas, on November with many locals, managed to sail towards Hydra, but during his trip he died of a heart attack. His defeat, along with the repression of Karatassos' revolution in Naoussa in April, 1822 marked the end of the Greek war of independence in North Greece. He is considered one of the most significant members of the Greek Revolution, being proclaimed hero of the Greek nation, during the First National Assembly at Epidaurus.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Family trouble". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2020-07-19.
  • Vakalopoulos, Apostolos E. "History of Macedonia 1354–1833", Vanias Press (1984).
  • Vakalopoulos, Apostolos E. "Histoire De La Grece Moderne", Horvath Press. ISBN 2-7171-0057-1.
  • Paroulakis, Peter H., "The Greeks: Their Struggle For Independence”, Hellenic International Press (1984). ISBN 0-9590894-1-1.
  • Stratiki, Poti, “To Athanato 1821”, Stratikis Bros, (1990). ISBN 960-7261-50-X.
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This page was last edited on 24 December 2022, at 23:21
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