Gayo (alternatively rendered as Gajo) is an endangered Austronesian language spoken by some 275,000 people in the mountainous region of the Indonesian province Aceh on the Northern tip of the island of Sumatra, specifically around the Central Aceh, Bener Meriah and Gayo Lues regencies. It is classified as belonging to the Western Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian languages, but is not closely related to other languages. Ethnologue lists Bukit, Dëret, Lues, Lut, and Serbejadi-Lukup as dialects.
Gayo is distinct from other languages in Aceh. The art and culture of the Gayo people is also significantly different compared with other ethnic groups in Aceh.
In 1907, G.A.J. Hazeu wrote a first Gayo–Dutch dictionary for the colonial authorities of the Dutch East Indies.[2]
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Gayo Meaning
Transcription
Phonology
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | Labial-velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | /m/ ⟨m⟩ | n ⟨n⟩ | ɲ ⟨ny⟩ | ŋ ⟨ng⟩ | ||||
| Plosive | voiceless | /p/ ⟨p⟩ | /t/ ⟨t⟩ | /k/ ⟨k⟩ | /ʔ/ ⟨'⟩ | |||
| voiced | /b/ ⟨b⟩ | /d/ ⟨d⟩ | /ɡ/ ⟨g⟩ | |||||
| Fricative | /s/ ⟨s⟩ | /h/ ⟨h⟩ | ||||||
| Affricate | voiceless | /t͡ʃ/ ⟨c⟩ | ||||||
| voiced | /d͡ʒ/ ⟨j⟩ | |||||||
| Trill | /r/ ⟨r⟩ | |||||||
| Approximant | /l/ ⟨l⟩ | /j/ ⟨y⟩ | /w/ ⟨w⟩ | |||||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | /i/ ⟨i⟩ | /u/ ⟨u⟩ | |
| Near-Close | (ɪ) | (ʊ) | |
| Close-Mid | /e/ ⟨é⟩ | /ə/ ⟨e⟩ | /o/ ⟨ô⟩ |
| Open-Mid | /ɛ/ ⟨è⟩ | /ɔ/ ⟨o⟩ | |
| Open | /a/ ⟨a⟩/⟨ë⟩ |
References
- ^ a b Gayo at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
- ^ Gajosch-Nederlandsch Woordenboek, by G.A.J. Hazeu, Landsdrukkerij Batavia 1907. It is available online as a Google scan.
- ^ a b Eades, Domenyk; Hajek, John (2006), "Gayo", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (1): 107–115, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002416
Further reading
- Eades, Domenyk (2005). A Grammar of Gayo: A Language of Aceh, Sumatra (PDF). Pacific Linguistics 567. Pacific Linguistics. doi:10.15144/pl-567. hdl:1885/146732. ISBN 978-0-85883-553-5.
- Eades, Domenyk; Hajek, John (2006), "Gayo", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (1): 107–115, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002416
External links
- An open access of recordings in Gayo are available through Paradisec, including traditional stories, historical narratives and conversation.
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This page was last edited on 1 January 2024, at 13:24