John Melish | |
---|---|
Born | |
Died | December 30, 1822[1] | (aged 51)
Occupation(s) | Geographer, cartographer |
Known for | First coast-to-coast map of the United States |
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John Melish (June 13, 1771 – December 30, 1822) was a Scottish mapmaker who published some of the earliest maps of the United States (US). In 1816, he created the first map of the United States extending to the Pacific Ocean.[2][3][4]
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Karabakh: Falsification of its History
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Sub Notes - Manifest Destiny - Stanford Activity - Lecture Intro
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Founding Mothers: Remembering the Ladies
Transcription
[...] "Tarikh-e Qarabagh" written by Mirza Jamal Javanshir, the official scribe and secretary of the last khan of Karabakh; "Qarabagh-name" by Mirza Adigezal bey printed in Baku in 1950; "Golestan-i Iram" by Bakikhanov printed in Baku in 1970; and "Tarikh-e Safi" by by Mirza Yusef Not only were the Armenian meliks mentioned in these works, but the large presence of Armenians in the five mahals and in Zangezur were noted as well in these books. However, it changed after this. In 1988 following the demands of the Karabakh Armenians to secede from Azerbaijan and to join Armenia, suddenly a number of Azeri academics, led by Mr. Bünyadov, in order to justify their government's claims regarding Karabakh, rushed to prove that the Armenian population of Karabakh had arrived there only after 1828, after the treaty of Turkmenchai, and thus had no historical claim to the region of Karabakh. Lacking many sources written in Azeri, because as I said the Azeri alphabet was created only in the 20th century, they had to rely on Persian, Arabic or Russian sources. To their horror, they found that not only had ancient and medieval Greek, Roman, Arab, Persian sources, I have them here if you're interested, Ptolemy, Strabo, Dio Casius, Estakhri, Mostofi, ..., Muqaddasi, ... I can go on and on. All of these, not only, as well as modern Russian, German and English historians, geographer and travellers placed Karabakh in historic Armenia, but that the Armenians had formed a large part of the population of Karabakh, centuries prior to 1828, Even more irritating was the fact that local muslim historians, the ones that I just mentioned before, living on the territory of what later became the Azerbaijan Republic, had clearly indicated a strong Armenian presence in Karabakh prior to 1828, or had place the region within the territory of historic Armenia. Therefore, in order to substantiate their political claim, Bünyadov and his fellow academics chose to set aside all scholarly objectivity and printed new versions of "Tarikh-e Qarabagh" of Mirza Jamal, "Taikh-e Safi," etcetera, etcetera, deleting all references to the Armenians. It's very simple, these are primary sources and these are academic and historic. I understand if politicians or journalists do something like that, that's common, but generally we do not see serious historians to do this. So I'll give you just a few examples. in the 1989 edition of "Tarikh-e Qarabagh," the lines "Va ahl an shahr dar qadim Armani budeand" which means the population of that city in ancient times were Armenians. Completely deleted. Now, the original Persian and Russian edition of Bakikhanov, now that's important, Reads, the borders of Shirvan province are: in the East, the Caspian sea; in the North-West, the Kur river which separates Shirvan from Armenia and the Mugan steppe. Bakikhanov, who the Azeris call the father of their history, the Institute of History is named after him, squarely places the lands south of the Kur, that is Karabakh, within Armenia! But of course the new edition, 1991, the word "Armenia" is removed. Instead it says, "separates Shirvan and the Mugan steppe." Armenia doesn't exist. In the new edition of Hasan-Jalalyan, all references to Armenia is absent, the word "Armenian" is replaced by "Albanian." All references to the Armenians in the 15th century German traveller's account, four chapters are completely removed...
Early life
Melish was born in Scotland on June 13, 1771.[1] He worked under the tutelage of a cotton merchant in Glasgow and later tried to form his own cotton import-export company.[4] Between 1806 and 1811, Melish made several trips to the United States,[5] finally settling in Philadelphia in 1811. A year later, he published Travels through the United States of America, in the years 1806 & 1807, and 1809, 1810, & 1811 documenting his voyages to the US with copious maps.[4]
Philadelphia
Melish started his own map publishing company in Philadelphia. It was the first of its kind in the United States.[6] His maps were inspired by his travels and fulfilled a contemporary need for accurate cartography. US President Thomas Jefferson took note of Melish's maps, sending copies to associates in Europe. In 1816, Melish published an important map, Map of the United States with the contiguous British and Spanish Possessions, which depicted the United States from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, thus implicitly staking a larger claim for the US than existed at that time.[4]
Melish's books detailing the state of American manufacturing influenced Jefferson to adopt a point of view favoring manufacturing in the US, as opposed to shipping raw good to Europe for manufacturing into finished products.[7]
Bibliography
- Travels through the United States of America, in the years 1806 & 1807, and 1809, 1810, & 1811, 1812
- The Sine Qua Non: a Map of the United States, Shewing the Boundary Line Proposed by the British Commissioners at Ghent, G. Palmer, printer, 1814
See also
- Cartographer Henry Schenck Tanner, a contemporary of John Melish
References
- ^ a b c Simpson, Henry (1859). The Lives of Eminent Philadelphians, Now Deceased. Philadelphia: W. Brotherhead. pp. 690.
- ^ "John Melish". monticello.org. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
- ^ "Imagining Expansion". Exploring the West. Stanford University. Archived from the original on June 16, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
- ^ a b c d "John Melish". Geographicus. Archived from the original on June 16, 2013. Retrieved June 16, 2013.
- ^ Counts, George S. (1952). Education and American Civilization. New York, NY: Teachers College, Columbia University Press. pp. 97. ISBN 9781178479607.
- ^ "Map of the United States of America: With the Contiguous British and Spanish Possessions, 1816". World Digital Library. 1816. Retrieved 2013-06-16.
- ^ Boyd, Julian P. (1970). Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation – A Biography. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 940. ISBN 9780195019094.
External links
- Map of the United States of America: With the Contiguous British and Spanish Possessions, 1816 at the World Digital Library
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