Narungga | |
---|---|
Region | South Australia |
Ethnicity | Narungga people |
Extinct | ca. 1936[1] |
Revival | 1980s;[1] 25 speakers reported in 2016 census, down from 46 in 2011[2] |
Pama–Nyungan
| |
Latin | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | nnr |
nnr | |
Glottolog | naru1238 |
AIATSIS[2] | L1 |
ELP | Narungga |
Narungga (also Narangga) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Narungga people in Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. As a result of the colonisation of Australia, the Narungga language fell into disuse within several generations. Nevertheless, Narungga continued to be documented into the 20th century, and the 1980s saw a community reclamation. As a result of revival efforts, the language along with Narungga culture is now being taught around the Yorke Peninsula, from Moonta and Maitland Area Schools to Point Pearce.
Narungga is one of the languages in the Yura group, which includes Nukunu, Kaurna, and Ngadjuri, among others, and belongs to the Pama–Nyungan family.
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Transcription
Phonology
Consonants
Peripheral | Laminal | Apical | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labial | Velar | Dental | Palatal | Alveolar | Retroflex | ||
Plosive | b | ɡ | d̪ | ɟ | d | ɖ | |
Nasal | plain | m | ŋ | n̪ | ɲ | n | ɳ |
pre-stopped | d̪n̪ | ɟɲ | dn | ɖɳ | |||
Tap/Trill | r | ɽ | |||||
Lateral | plain | l̪ | ʎ | l | ɭ | ||
pre-stopped | d̪l̪ | ɟʎ | dl | ɖɭ | |||
Approximant | w | j | ɻ |
- The voiced stops /b, ɡ, d̪, ɟ, d, ɖ/ may be heard as voiceless, when geminated as [pː, kː, t̪ː, cː, tː, ʈː].
Vowels
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
Close | i iː | u uː |
Open | a aː |
Notes
References
- Wanganeen, Tania; Eira, Christina (2006). "Introduction". The Fragments of Budderer's Waddy: A New Narungga Grammar. Maitland, South Australia: Narungga Aboriginal Progress Association, Inc.
- Nharangga Warra: Narungga Dictionary. Maitland, South Australia: Narungga Aboriginal Progress Association, Inc. 2006.
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