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Sandnes-mål
Region	Sandnes
Language family	Indo-European Germanic Northwest Germanic^[1] North Germanic West Scandinavian Norwegian Sandnes-mål
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None

Sandnes-mål, Sandnes dialect or Sandnes Norwegian (Bokmål: Sandnes-mål or Sandnesdialekten)^[2] is a dialect of Norwegian used in Sandnes.

Phonology

Consonants

Between and after vowels, the voiceless plosives /p, t, k/ are realized as voiced [b, d, ɡ].^[3]
/ç/ merges with /ʃ/ into [ʃ].^[4]
/r/ is uvular.^[5]

Vowels

Apart from /ə/, all short vowels have a long equivalent, which has the same quality as the short vowel (excluding the /a–aː/ pair).^[6]

Monophthong phonemes of Sandnes-mål^[7]
	Front				Central		Back
	unrounded		rounded		Central		Back
	short	long	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close	i	iː	y	yː	ʉ	ʉː	u	uː
Mid	e	eː	ø	øː	(ə)		ɔ	ɔː
Open					a	aː

The close vowels /i, iː, y, yː, ʉ, ʉː, u, uː/ are rather lax (near-close) [ɪ, ɪː, ʏ, ʏː, ʉ̞, ʉ̞ː, ʊ, ʊː].^[7]
The unrounded–rounded pairs /i–y, iː–yː, e–ø, eː–øː/ have a very similar backness, and differ mainly by rounding.^[7]
/e, eː, ø, øː, ə/ are mid [e̞, e̞ː, ø̞, ø̞ː, ə], whereas /ɔ, ɔː/ are open-mid [ɔ, ɔː].^[7]
/a, aː/ are near-open; the long vowel is central [ɐː], whereas the short vowel is somewhat more front [æ̠].^[7]

Diphthong phonemes of
Sandnes-mål^[3]
Starting point	Ending point
	Front		Central
	unrounded	rounded	rounded
Mid	ei	øy	øʉ

The components of the diphthongs are phonetically close to the short vowels transcribed with the same symbols, so that /ei/ is phonetically more or less [e̞ɪ], whereas /øy/ and /øʉ/ are phonetically more or less, respectively, [ø̞ʏ] and [ø̞ʉ̞].^[3]

References

^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2022-05-24). "Older Runic". Glottolog. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Archived from the original on 2022-11-13. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
^ Ims (2010).
^ ^a ^b ^c Ims (2010), p. 15.
^ Ims (2010), p. 17.
^ Ims (2010), p. 12.
^ Ims (2010), pp. 13–14.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Ims (2010), p. 14.

Bibliography

Ims, Charlotte Sol (2010). Sandnes i skyggen av Stavanger - en sociolingvistisk undersøkelse av Sandnes-mål med utgangspunkt i utvalgte språklige variabler (PDF) (Master's thesis). Adger: Universitetet i Adger. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2015.

External links

"dialekter i Rogaland – Store norske leksikon". Retrieved 4 August 2015.

Norwegian language

Varieties

Written

Official	Bokmål Nynorsk Samnorsk (discontinued)
Unofficial	Høgnorsk Riksmål

Spoken

West and south	Arendalsk Bergensk Sandnesmål Sognamål Stavangersk etc.
East	Bohusmål Gudbrandsdalsmål Hallingmål-Valdris Särna-Idremål [sv] Urban East Norwegian Vikværsk Oslo dialect etc.
Trøndersk	Herjedalsk [sv] Jemtlansk Medalsk Trondheimsk etc.
North	Brønnøymål etc.
Non-dialectical	Kebabnorsk Modern Norwegian Svorsk American Norwegian
Extinct	Old West Norse Old Norwegian Middle Norwegian Dano-Norwegian Russenorsk

Sandnes-mål

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