Soltaniyeh

Soltaniyeh Persian: سلطانيه
City
Dome of Soltaniyeh
Soltaniyeh
Coordinates: 36°26′05″N 48°47′44″E / 36.43472°N 48.79556°E / 36.43472; 48.79556[1]
Country	Iran
Province	Zanjan
County	Soltaniyeh
District	Central
Elevation	1,784 m (5,853 ft)
Population  (2016)[2]
• Total	7,638
Time zone	UTC+3:30 (IRST)

Soltaniyeh (Persian: سلطانيه)^[a] is a city in the Central District of Soltaniyeh County, Zanjan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.^[4]

Soltaniyeh, located some 240 kilometres (150 mi) to the north-west of Tehran, was built as the capital of Mongol Ilkhanid rulers of Iran in the 14th century. Its name which refers to the Islamic ruler title sultan translates loosely as "the Regal". Soltaniyeh was visited by Ruy González de Clavijo, who reported that the city was a hub of silk exportation.^[5]

In 2005, UNESCO listed Soltaniyeh as one of the World Heritage Sites. The road from Zanjan to Soltaniyeh extends until it reaches to the Katale khor cave.

William Dalrymple notes that Öljaitü intended Soltaniyeh to be "the largest and most magnificent city in the world" but that it "died with him" and is now "a deserted, crumbling spread of ruins."^[6]

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 5,864 in 1,649 households, when it was in Soltaniyeh District of Abhar County.^[7] The following census in 2011 counted 7,116 people in 2,013 households.^[8] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 7,638 people in 2,319 households,^[2] by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Soltaniyeh County. Soltaniyeh was transferred to the new Central District as the county's capital.^[4]

The city was established as a Catholic episcopal see on 1 April 1318 for the Archdiocese of Soltania. In 1329, the Latin Diocese of Samarcanda became its suffragan for the Chagatai Khanate, at least until Tamerlane (founder of the Timurids) swept its see Samarkand. The archdiocese was suppressed as residential see around 1450.^{[citation needed]}

Metropolitan Archbishops of Soltania

• Francesco da Perugia, Dominican Order O.P. (1318.08.01 – ?)
• Guillaume Adam, O.P. (1322.10.06 – 1324.10.26); previously Archbishop of Smirna (Smyrna) (Asian Turkey, now Izmir) (1318 – 1322.10.06); later Metropolitan Archbishop of Bar (Montenegro) (1324.10.26 – death 1341)
• Giovanni di Cori, O.P. (1329.08.09 – ?)
• Guglielmo, O.P. (? – ?)
• Giovanni di Piacenza, O.P. (1349.01.09 – ?)
• Tommaso, O.P. (1368.02.28 – ?)
• Domenico Manfredi, O.P. (1388.08.18 – ?)
• Giovanni di Gallofonte, O.P. (1398.08.26 – ?)
• Nicolò Roberti (1401.01.24 – ?); previously Bishop of Ferrara (Italy) (1393.02.04 – 1401.01.24)
• Thomas Abaraner, O.P. (1425.12.19 – ?)
• Giovanni, O.P. (1425.12.19 – ?)

Transformed at its suppression as residential see in 1450 into a Latin Titular archbishopric, which was itself suppressed in 1926:

• Titular Bishop Francisco Salazar, Friars Minor (O.F.M.) (1548.09.12 – ?)
• Titular Bishop: Bishop-elect Bernardino de Carmona (1551.07.10 – ?)
• Titular Archbishop Alberto Bitter (1922.10.09 – 1926.12.19)

• Dome of Soltaniyeh
• Ab Anbar
• List of Catholic dioceses in Central Asia
• Yakhchal
• Traditional water sources of Persian antiquity

Iran portal

• Official website
• GCatholic, with residential and titular incumbent bio links
• Video of Soltaniyeh
• Farnoush Tehrāni, The Crown of All Domes, in Persian, Jadid Online, 31 December 2009,.^[9]
  • Audio slideshow:^[10] (6 min 45 sec).

http://sultaniyya.org/

• Hatef Naiemie, Atri (2020). "The Ilkhanid City of Sultaniyya: Some Remarks on the Citadel and the Outer City". Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies: 1–30. doi:10.1080/05786967.2020.1744469.
• Minorsky, V.; Bosworth, C.E & Blair, Sheila S. (1997). "Sulṭāniyya". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Lecomte, G. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IX: San–Sze. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 859–861. ISBN 978-90-04-10422-8.

Soltaniyeh County