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Timeline of Mesopotamia

	Northwestern Mesopotamia			Northern Mesopotamia	Southern Mesopotamia
c. 3500–2350 BCE	Late Chalcolithic 4-5 / Early Jezirah 1-3				Uruk period / Jemdet Nasr period / Early Dynastic period
c. 2350–2200 BCE	Akkadian Empire
c. 2200–2100 BCE	Gutians
c. 2100–2000 BCE	Third Dynasty of Ur
c. 2000–1800 BCE	Mari and other Amorite city-states			Old Assyrian period	Isin/Larsa and other Amorite city-states
c. 1800–1600 BCE	Old Hittite Kingdom		Old Babylonian Empire (Southern Akkadians)
c. 1600–1400 BCE	Mitanni (Hurrians)				Karduniaš (Kassites)
c. 1400–1200 BCE	Middle Hittite Kingdom			Middle Assyria
c. 1200–1150 BCE	Bronze Age Collapse ("Sea Peoples")		Arameans	Middle Assyria
c. 1150–911 BCE	Phoenicia	Neo-Hittite city-states	Aram- Damascus	Arameans	Middle Babylonia	Chal- de- ans
911–729 BCE	Phoenicia	Neo-Hittite city-states	Aram- Damascus	Neo-Assyrian Empire	Middle Babylonia
729–609 BCE				Neo-Assyrian Empire
626–539 BCE	Neo-Babylonian Empire (Chaldeans)
539–331 BCE	Achaemenid Empire
336–301 BCE	Macedonian Empire (Ancient Greeks and Macedonians)
311–129 BCE	Seleucid Empire
129–63 BCE	Seleucid Empire			Parthian Empire
63 BCE–224 CE	Ancient Rome - Byzantine Empire (Syria)			Parthian Empire
224–mid 7C				Sassanid Empire