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Vigna

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Tribe:	Phaseoleae
Subtribe:	Phaseolinae
Genus:	Vigna Savi (1824), nom. cons.
Subgenera
Ceratotropis Haydonia Lasiospron Plectrotropis Vigna
Synonyms^[1]
Azukia Takah. ex Ohwi (1953) Callicysthus Endl. (1833) Geolobus Raf. (1836) Haydonia R.Wilczek (1954) Liebrechtsia De Wild. (1902) Phasellus Medik. (1787) Plectrotropis Schumach. (1827) Rudua Maek. (1955) Scytalis E.Mey. (1836) Voandzeia Thouars (1806)

Vigna is a genus of plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, with a pantropical distribution.^[2] It includes some well-known cultivated species, including many types of beans. Some are former members of the genus Phaseolus. According to Hortus Third, Vigna differs from Phaseolus in biochemistry and pollen structure, and in details of the style and stipules.

Vigna is also commonly confused with the genus Dolichos, but the two differ in stigma structure.^[3]

Vigna are herbs or occasionally subshrubs. The leaves are pinnate, divided into 3 leaflets. The inflorescence is a raceme of yellow, blue, or purple pea flowers. The fruit is a legume pod of varying shapes containing seeds.^[4]

Familiar food species include the adzuki bean (V. angularis), the black gram (V. mungo), the cowpea (V. unguiculata, including the variety known as the black-eyed pea), and the mung bean (V. radiata). Each of these may be used as a whole bean, a bean paste, or as bean sprouts.

The genus is named after Domenico Vigna, a seventeenth-century Italian botanist and director of the Orto botanico di Pisa.^[5]

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Uses

Root tubers of Vigna species have traditionally been used as food by the Indigenous Peoples of the Northern Territory.^[6]

Selected species

The genus Vigna contains at least 90 species,^[2]^[4]^[7] including:

Subgenus Ceratotropis

Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Maréchal—moth bean, mat bean, Turkish gram
Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi—adzuki bean, red bean
- Vigna angularis var. angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
- Vigna angularis var. nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
Vigna glabrescens Maréchal et al.
Vigna grandiflora (Prain) Tateishi & Maxted
Vigna hirtella Ridley
Vigna minima (Roxb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper—black gram, black lentil, white lentil, urd-bean, urad bean
- Vigna mungo var. silvestris Lukoki, Maréchal & Otoul
Vigna nakashimae (Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
Vigna nepalensis Tateishi & Maxted
Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek—mung bean, green gram, golden gram, mash bean, green soy, celera-bean, Jerusalem-pea
- Vigna radiata var. radiata (L.) Wilczek
- Vigna radiata var. sublobata (Roxb.) Verdc.
Vigna reflexopilosa Hayata—Creole-bean
- Vigna reflexopilosa var. reflexopilosa Hayata
- Vigna reflexopilosa var. glabra Tomooka & Maxted
Vigna riukiuensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
Vigna stipulacea Kuntze
Vigna subramaniana (Babu ex Raizada) M. Sharma
Vigna tenuicaulis N. Tomooka & Maxted
Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdc.—jungle mat bean, jungli-bean, African gram, three-lobe-leaved cowpea
Vigna trinervia (Heyne ex Wall.) Tateishi & Maxted
Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi—ricebean, red bean, climbing mountain-bean, mambi bean, Oriental-bean

Subgenus Haydonia

Vigna monophylla Taub.
Vigna nigritia Hook. f.
Vigna schimperi Baker
Vigna triphylla (R. Wilczek) Verdc.

Subgenus Lasiospron

Vigna diffusa (Scott-Elliot) A. Delgado & Verdc.
Vigna juruana (Harms) Verdc.
Vigna lasiocarpa (Mart. ex Benth.) Verdc.
Vigna longifolia (Benth.) Verdc.
Vigna schottii (Bentham) A. Delgado & Verdc.
Vigna trichocarpa (C. Wright ex Sauvalle) A. Delgado
Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich.—zombi pea, wild cowpea
- Vigna vexillata var. angustifolia
- Vigna vexillata var. youngiana

Subgenus Vigna

Vigna ambacensis Welw. ex Bak.
Vigna angivensis Baker
Vigna filicaulis Hepper
Vigna friesiorum Harms
Vigna gazensis Baker f.
Vigna hosei (Craib) Backer—Sarowak/Sarawak bean
Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.—Dalrymple vigna
Vigna membranacea A. Rich.
- Vigna membranacea subsp. caesia (Chiov.) Verdc.
- Vigna membranacea subsp. membranacea A. Rich.
Vigna monantha Thulin
Vigna racemosa (G. Don) Hutch. & Dalziel
Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.—Bambara groundnut, Congo goober, hog-peanut, jugo bean, njugumawe (Swahili) (sometimes separated in Voandzeia)
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.—cowpea, crowder pea, Southern pea, Reeve's-pea, snake-bean
- Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica—catjang
- Vigna unguiculata subsp. dekindtiana—wild cowpea, African cowpea, Ethiopian cowpea
- Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis—yardlong bean, long-podded cowpea, asparagus bean, Chinese long bean, pea-bean
- Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata—black-eyed pea, black-eyed bean

Incertae sedis

Vigna comosa
Vigna dalzelliana
Vigna debilis Fourc.
Vigna decipiens
Vigna dinteri Harms
Vigna dolichoides Baker in Hooker f.
Vigna frutescens
Vigna gracilis
Vigna kirkii
Vigna lanceolata—pencil yam, Maloga-bean, parsnip-bean, merne arlatyeye (Arrernte)
Vigna lobata (Willd.) Endl.
Vigna lobatifolia
Vigna marina (Burm.f.) Merr.—dune-bean, notched cowpea, sea-bean, mohihihi, nanea (Hawaiian)
Vigna multiflora
Vigna nervosa
Vigna oblongifolia
Vigna owahuensis Vogel—Oahu cowpea
Vigna parkeri—creeping vigna
Vigna pilosa

References

^ Vigna Savi . Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
^ ^a ^b Aitawade, M. M., et al. (2012). Section Ceratotropis of subgenus Ceratotropis of Vigna (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) in India with a new species from northern Western Ghats. Archived December 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Rheedea 22(1), 20-27.
^ Charles Vancouver Piper (1912). Agricultural Varieties of the Cowpea and Immediately Related Species. Bulletin (United States. Bureau of Plant Industry). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 7.
^ ^a ^b Vigna. Flora of China.
^ Charters, M. Plant Names T-Z. The Eponym Dictionary of Southern African Plants.
^ NTFlora Northern Territory Flora online:Flora of the Darwin Region: Fabaceae. Retrieved 10 June 2018
^ Delgado-Salinas A, Thulin M, Pasquet R, Weeden N, Lavin M (2011). "Vigna (Leguminosae) sensu lato: the names and identities of the American segregate genera". Am J Bot. 98 (10): 1694–715. doi:10.3732/ajb.1100069. PMID 21980163.