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Generally speaking, externalities occur when a decision causes uncompensated costs or benefits to individuals or groups other than the person(s) making the decision. Examples of negative externalities are numerous in the area of the... more
Generally speaking, externalities occur when a decision causes uncompensated costs or benefits to individuals or groups other than the person(s) making the decision. Examples of negative externalities are numerous in the area of the environment and natural resources. Some negative externalities result because a particular type of manufacturing technology is used (e.g. water and air pollution caused by industry). Other negative externalities occur because of the transportation system (e.g. air pollution caused by intensive car traffic). Though positive externalities draw less attention than negative externalities, their existence is obvious, for example, beekeepers who provide unpaid pollination services for nearby fruit growers or the positive network effects of a telephone system. The more people who own a telephone, the more useful the device is for each owner (Boardman et al., 2001).
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Desde el 2010, Curazao es un país autónomo del Reino de los Países Bajos. El gobierno desea apoyar el desarrollo turístico, sin embargo existen varias estrategia de desarrollo posibles. Este artículo presenta cuatro escenarios de... more
Desde el 2010, Curazao es un país autónomo del Reino de los Países Bajos. El gobierno desea apoyar el desarrollo turístico, sin embargo existen varias estrategia de desarrollo posibles. Este artículo presenta cuatro escenarios de estrategias de marketing e inversión que afectarán el número de turistas provenientes de los Países Bajos y América del Norte de diversas maneras. Se utilizó un modelo multiplicador para calcular el impacto económico de los cuatro escenarios. Por medio de dicho procedimiento, este artículo muestra cómo la decisión del gobierno de Curazao de apoyar estrategias de marketing e inversión en particular podría tener ciertas consecuencias para el número de empleos en la industria del turismo en Curazao.
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From an economic point of view, melting ice is making the Arctic ocean increasingly important for a number of countries – Arctic states as well as non-Arctic states. Also, the EU has clear interests in the area. This chapter provides a... more
From an economic point of view, melting ice is making the Arctic ocean increasingly important for a number of countries – Arctic states as well as non-Arctic states. Also, the EU has clear interests in the area. This chapter provides a brief description of those interests and its implications on the EU's relationship with the Arctic partners. This note takes seven aspects of the EU-relations with the Arctic states into consideration (i.e., the institutional framework, the EU Arctic interests and policies, shipping, fishing, marine mammals, offshore oil and gas operations, and the EU's Arctic partners).
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The EU’s 2018 Bioeconomy Strategy Update and the European Green Deal recently confirmed that the bioeconomy is high on the political agenda in Europe. Here, we propose a conceptual analysis framework for quantifying and analyzing the... more
The EU’s 2018 Bioeconomy Strategy Update and the European Green Deal recently confirmed that the bioeconomy is high on the political agenda in Europe. Here, we propose a conceptual analysis framework for quantifying and analyzing the development of the EU bioeconomy. The bioeconomy has several related concepts (e.g., bio-based economy, green economy, and circular economy) and there are clear synergies between these concepts, especially between the bioeconomy and circular economy concepts. Analyzing the driving factors provides important information for monitoring activities. We first derive the scope of the bioeconomy framework in terms of bioeconomy sectors and products to be involved, the needed geographical coverage and resolution, and time period. Furthermore, we outline a set of indicators linked to the objectives of the EU’s bioeconomy strategy. In our framework, measuring developments will, in particular, focus on the bio-based sectors within the bioeconomy as biomass and foo...
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Collective action in geographically concentrated farming regions can lead to improvements in farmer income. We model farmer cooperation inside such agro-clusters as a two-stage decision process. From 1,151 completely filled-in... more
Collective action in geographically concentrated farming regions can lead to improvements in farmer income. We model farmer cooperation inside such agro-clusters as a two-stage decision process. From 1,151 completely filled-in questionnaires, we find that being located in an agro-cluster increases farmers' likelihood to cooperate as well as enhances their income. Farmers' attitude towards cooperation is positively influenced by being male, having more assets, and operating a larger farm, but negatively affected if the farmer reports that her household is food vulnerable. The number of hours worked by farmers on the farm and the frequency of face-to-face meetings also raise the probability of engaging in cooperation. A higher density of agro-clusters, higher crop diversity and being located farther away from urban centers are found to increase on average the income level of a farmer. Hence, the promotion of agro-clusters also in rural regions remains a promising initiative for increasing farmer income.
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This paper estimates the size of the Dutch Bio-Economy, based on its value added. Using consolidated input-output tables, the size of the Dutch Bio-Economy is estimated for the period 2008–2015 and future predictions are made for the... more
This paper estimates the size of the Dutch Bio-Economy, based on its value added. Using consolidated input-output tables, the size of the Dutch Bio-Economy is estimated for the period 2008–2015 and future predictions are made for the period 2016–2020. During the period 2008–2015, the Dutch Bio-Economy has grown from 5.5% of the total Dutch value added in 2008 up to 6.6% in 2015. For future prediction, five scenarios are analysed, with projected growth of the Bio-Economy ranging from 6.87% of total value added on the low end to 8.48% on the high end in 2020.
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What are the labour market perspectives for MBA graduates in 2015? Each year the GMAC carries out a year-end poll to find out the hiring plans of the employers with respect to graduates in business studies. This short notes presents the... more
What are the labour market perspectives for MBA graduates in 2015? Each year the GMAC carries out a year-end poll to find out the hiring plans of the employers with respect to graduates in business studies. This short notes presents the most important results for MBA graduates.
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De aanleg van de Bergsche Maas aan het eind van de 19e eeuw splitste het Land van Heusden en Altena in tweeen. Ter compensatie werden een aantal veren in de vaart gebracht, waarmee de bewoners 'eeuwendurend kosteloos' konden... more
De aanleg van de Bergsche Maas aan het eind van de 19e eeuw splitste het Land van Heusden en Altena in tweeen. Ter compensatie werden een aantal veren in de vaart gebracht, waarmee de bewoners 'eeuwendurend kosteloos' konden oversteken. Ondertussen zijn er twee brugverbiningen (bij Heusden en Keizersveer) en RWS wil nu een veer afstoten, de bedieningstijd verkorten en pontgeld gaan heffen. Dit artikel bespreekt een kosten-batenanalyse voor de uitwerking van deze keuze, waarbij ook het omrijden ingecalculeerd is
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Het metropolitane landschap dreigt geleidelijk te worden versnipperd door aanleg en aanpassing van grootschalige infrastructuur. Dit artikel geeft een analyse van tijd en afstand, die nodig is, om aan openluchtrecreatie te doen: wandelen,... more
Het metropolitane landschap dreigt geleidelijk te worden versnipperd door aanleg en aanpassing van grootschalige infrastructuur. Dit artikel geeft een analyse van tijd en afstand, die nodig is, om aan openluchtrecreatie te doen: wandelen, fietsen, trimmen, paardrijden. Een onderverdeling is gemaakt naar type landschap. Tevens geeft men een overzicht van de lengten van lokale verbindingen en oversteekmogelijkheden. Voorbeelden worden gegeven van: aanleg A73 / A74; kasteel Groeneveld; omgeving Lievelde; Land van Heusden en Altena
Research Interests: Humanities and Art
Met het verder verstedelijken van ons land vervagen de traditionele grenzen tussen stad en land. Door deze ontwikkeling naar een metropolitaan landschap wordt de open ruimte tussen grote steden, het metropolitane buitengebied, steeds... more
Met het verder verstedelijken van ons land vervagen de traditionele grenzen tussen stad en land. Door deze ontwikkeling naar een metropolitaan landschap wordt de open ruimte tussen grote steden, het metropolitane buitengebied, steeds belangrijker voor de stedeling als ruimte om zich te bewegen en te ontspannen. Echter, de bereikbaarheid en de aantrekkelijkheid van dit landschap staat damee onder druk. Uiteindelijk komt de stedeling (met het bereiken van deze gebieden en de benodigde infrastructuur) in conflict met zijn eigen wensen
Research Interests: Geography and Humanities
Economische groei is geografisch geconcentreerd. Daardoor gaat groei onvermijdelijk gepaard met een vergroting van de regionale ongelijkheid. Altijd zijn er regio's aanwijsbaar die achterblijven en regio's waar het goed gaat. Hoe... more
Economische groei is geografisch geconcentreerd. Daardoor gaat groei onvermijdelijk gepaard met een vergroting van de regionale ongelijkheid. Altijd zijn er regio's aanwijsbaar die achterblijven en regio's waar het goed gaat. Hoe dient de overheid hiermee om te gaan?
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This paper measures the development of the national income share of the bioeconomy for 28 European Union Member States (MS) and 16 industries of BioMonitor scope from 2005 to 2015. The paper proposes a model which includes the up- and... more
This paper measures the development of the national income share of the bioeconomy for 28 European Union Member States (MS) and 16 industries of BioMonitor scope from 2005 to 2015. The paper proposes a model which includes the up- and downstream linkages using Input-Output tables. The results show that for the majority of the MS the value added of the up- and downstream sector is at the band of 40%–50% of the total bioeconomy value added and has on average increased since the financial crisis.
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This paper analyses the degree of divergences among different groups of stakeholders in allocation of the four types of rural land: cultivated, range, forest and other land, and the optimal allocation from the social perspective of... more
This paper analyses the degree of divergences among different groups of stakeholders in allocation of the four types of rural land: cultivated, range, forest and other land, and the optimal allocation from the social perspective of balancing economic and ecological benefits. The preference of stakeholders stemming from stakeholders' different ecological and economic interests on four types of rural land was quantified by the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Weights for stakeholders in the social welfare function were derived for three social-economic scenarios. Welfare economics was employed then to determine the 'individual' or 'private' optimal allocation of each stakeholder by maximizing its utility function, and social optimal allocation by maximizing the social welfare function. A county located in the eco-fragile areas of Northern China was taken as a case to present the empirical analysis. Our results provide policy insights on how to regulate the divergences a...
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Though we can find the separate research of the antecedents of member commitment, there has been little systematic research into member commitment within agricultural cooperatives, especially the way how these antecedents (or correlates)... more
Though we can find the separate research of the antecedents of member commitment, there has been little systematic research into member commitment within agricultural cooperatives, especially the way how these antecedents (or correlates) affect member commitment. Using a sample of 391 farmer cooperative members in China, this study investigates whether trust and social pressure affect cooperative member commitment and if so, whether the effect is mediated by member participating in the decision-making process. Our study finds that trust is positively associated with three components of member commitment – affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment, while social pressure is positively related to normative commitment. Participation plays a partially mediating role between trust and social pressure and member commitment. Generally, these findings offer empirical evidence on the important role of cooperative chairman between members and Chinese cooperatives an...
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Cooperatives are regarded as an institutional vehicle to help farmers mitigate market imperfections and improve smallholder welfare. Though much research has been done on what effect cooperatives have on farmers’ welfare, the question of... more
Cooperatives are regarded as an institutional vehicle to help farmers mitigate market imperfections and improve smallholder welfare. Though much research has been done on what effect cooperatives have on farmers’ welfare, the question of how cooperatives affect farmers’ welfare remains largely unanswered. By using the case of apple farmers in China, we seek to answer this question by examining the effect of cooperative membership on yield and profit. The empirical analysis is based on field survey data collected among 551 apple farm households in Shaanxi and Shandong. An endogenous treatment regression model is employed to assess the average treatment effects of cooperative membership on the yield and profits per unit area. Our research shows that cooperative membership has a significantly positive effect on yields, but no significant effect on profits per unit area. Two pathways explain the different effects. First, cooperative services change members’ production practices, especia...
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Mongolia is a country with rich natural resources, including more than 70 million domesticated animals. The livestock sector is the traditional economic sector of Mongolia, and it is a major food source of the nation. Currently, the... more
Mongolia is a country with rich natural resources, including more than 70 million domesticated animals. The livestock sector is the traditional economic sector of Mongolia, and it is a major food source of the nation. Currently, the country faces an overgrazing problem caused by an increase in the number of animals whereas rangeland carrying capacity is limited. Exporting more meat and other products of animal origin has the potential to reduce the livestock population to sustainable levels, reduce overgrazing pressure, and increase the country’s export income. Policies aimed at promoting animal product exports should take the comparative advantages of different types of products of animal origin into account in order to maximize their impact. This paper aims to provide science-based evidence to support such policies by investigating the comparative advantage of meat and other selected products of animal-origin using the revealed comparative advantage index. Official statistics for ...
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Abstract Farmers’ pro-environmental agricultural practices (PAPs) are important measures to limit agricultural pollution and improve farmland quality. Given the positive externality of PAPs, the Chinese government has proposed a series of... more
Abstract Farmers’ pro-environmental agricultural practices (PAPs) are important measures to limit agricultural pollution and improve farmland quality. Given the positive externality of PAPs, the Chinese government has proposed a series of farmland protection policies to encourage farmers to implement PAPs. However, land transfer, an increasingly common phenomenon, may affect the effectiveness of policies. This study aims to explore how farmers’ PAPs have been affected by land transfer and farmers’ knowledge of farmland protection policy (KFPP). A systematic theoretical framework for this relation is developed. The probit model is applied to empirically investigate the relationship between land transfer, KFPP and the PAP of straw return to fields based on data collected from 400 farmers in Ningxia Province in China. The findings reveal that farmers’ KFPP has a positive effect on PAPs. Rented-in land has a positive effect on PAPs, while rented-out land has a negative effect, which is significantly reduced with the adjustment effect of KFPP on land transfer. Our analysis provides policy implications for the successful implementation of PAPs. The positive effect of rented-in land and the negative effect of land fragmentation on PAPs suggest the importance of policies promoting land consolidation by incorporating plot-connecting interventions in the land rental market. The positive and significant effect of KFPP on PAPs suggests further enhancing farmers’ knowledge of farmland protection policy, for example, by improving information channels and extension services.
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Abstract With the rapid development of urbanization, industrialization and decentralized fiscal reform in China, large areas of farmlands are being converted from rural land to urban construction (residential, commercial and industrial)... more
Abstract With the rapid development of urbanization, industrialization and decentralized fiscal reform in China, large areas of farmlands are being converted from rural land to urban construction (residential, commercial and industrial) land. Taking Wuhan City in Hubei Province, China as a case study, we analyze land value creation by value creators including farmers (collectives), the government and developers at the level of the individual parcel, community, township and district in the process of rural-urban land conversion from farmland to residential, commercial and industrial use. The results show that (1) at the individual analysis level, land prices increase significantly during the process of land acquisition, land leasing and real estate development and sales. Land prices and incremental values differ greatly across the three land types, with higher prices for residential and commercial land, and lower prices for industrial land. In addition, farmers (collectives) receive the lowest share of the land value revenue, while the highest share is obtained by developers, followed by the government. (2) At the community, township and district levels of analysis, the spatial distribution of land values shows similar characteristics at different scales. Moreover, scale effects are found in land value creation and benefit distribution. Average land prices and incremental values decrease from the scale of the community, to the township, to the district. Furthermore, the difference in land values decreases gradually when moving from the community scale to the district scale. This study contributes to a better understanding of land value increments and benefit distribution at multiple levels of analysis, for multiple stakeholders, and for multiple land use types.
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The geographical concentration of farming activities can promote institutional innovations for farmers. Sharing resources, knowledge, and markets in clustered regions lead to the income improvements of farmers. We explore such advantages... more
The geographical concentration of farming activities can promote institutional innovations for farmers. Sharing resources, knowledge, and markets in clustered regions lead to the income improvements of farmers. We explore such advantages for smallholder farmers in West Java of Indonesia by accounting for their behaviors toward horizontal cooperation. The study distinguishes farmers from two major groups, namely the group of farmers who will and neglect to cooperate and the group of cooperating and non-cooperating farmers. These groups allow us to investigate potential factors that enable farmers to build such cooperation and to examine the effects of such cooperation on farmers' income level. We carry out a double hurdle model to analyze these objectives and utilize the Heckman two-step model to attain more robust result. Our analysis is based on survey data from about 1,151 respondents. The analysis reveals a positive association between agricultural income and participation in...
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Volatile output prices lead to a fluctuating shadow price (profitability) of agricultural land, and therefore may impact land use decisions in case of risk-averse behaviour. In this paper we assess the effect of volatile agricultural... more
Volatile output prices lead to a fluctuating shadow price (profitability) of agricultural land, and therefore may impact land use decisions in case of risk-averse behaviour. In this paper we assess the effect of volatile agricultural output prices on agricultural land-use change over the past decade in the Netherlands. Using regional data from 2000 through 2009, the number of hectares of land for 10 land uses was calculated. To determine the joint distribution of agricultural activities, hectares of land for each land use were converted to land share equations. Land share equations were estimated to determine the contribution of increased price volatility to land use change. Results show that larger volatility affects land shares negatively. Producer's output responses, therefore, were consistently affected by risk-averse behaviour.