LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA ISSN 0202-2400 CTpyKTypHaJI l'I npl'I Kil 3A HaJI 11 "1 Hre "1 CT"1 Ka 9 •••• • ••• ••• •••• • • • • • • • • • • •• •••••• • ••••• ••••••••••• LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA CAHKT-TIETEPBYPfCKJ1J1 fOCY}lAPCTBEHHhIJ1 YHJ1BEPCJ1TET CTPYKTYPHAH 11 I1Pl1KJIA,[J;HAH Jil1HfBl1CTl1KA Me:HCBY308CKUU c6opHuK BhrrrycK 9 LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA Y,UK 80+618.31 BBK 81.1 C83 n. Pe A a K l..l w o H Ha H Ko JI JI er w H: npoc}>. H. EellJleea, npocp. A. C. fepo (oTB. peAaKTop ), npocp. 0. H. fpuH6ayM, npocp. M.A. Ma- pyceHKO C e K p e T a p b peAaKQHOHHot1: KOJIJiernn B. J!f. Py6uHep p e l..l e H 3 e H T KaHA. cpHJIOJI. Hayi< AOQ. J!f. II. llaHKOO lle11amaemcH no nocmaHoeneHu10 PeoaK11uoHHo-u3oamenbcKOzo coeema <fiunonozuttecKozo <fiaKynbmema C.-llemep6ypzcKozo zocyoapcmeeHHozo yHueepcumema Bbm. 9: Me)l(CI16.: l13A-BO C.-I1eTep6. ytt-Ta, CTp'fKTYPHaH H npHKJiap;HaH JIHHrBHCTHKa. C83 By3. c6. I no.a; pe,a;. A. C. fep,a;a. 2012. - 356 c. C6opttHK (Bbm. 8 BbIUieJI B 2010 r.) coAep)f(HT cTaTbH no UIHpOKOMY Kpyry npo6JieM TeopenrtteCKOH 11 npHKJiaAHOH JIHHfBHCTHKH, no npHMeHeHHIO MaTeManttteCKHX MeTOAOB B Jl3bIK03HaHHH. ,D;JIR cneQHaJIHCTOB no TeOpJrn: Jl3bIKa, npHKJiaAHOH H TeopenPieCKOH JIHHfBHCTHKe. 66K81.l © C. -IleTep6yprCKJ1H rocyAapcTBeHHbIH, yttHBepcHTeT,2012 LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA ., pj.,,.<J>" B. H. 3au11eea KPJ1IITOKJIACChl: 0 HEKOTOPhIX ACIIEKTAX H3hIKOBOM KATEfOPJ13AQJ1J1 AHHomau,uH. B cTaTbe rrpe.IUipHHHMaeTC.H rrorrbITKa aHaJIH3a AaHHbIX KpHnTOKJiaccHoro HCCJieAOBaHirn B KOHTeKCTe KOfHJ1Tl1BHOf0 ｮｯｷ｣ｾ｡＠ K npo6JieMe ｋ｡ｔ･ｲｯｰｈＳｾｊＱＬ＠ KOTOpbnic cpopMHpyeTC.H B HOBOH uayqHOH napaAHrMe. KmotteBbte cnoBa: KaTeropH3aJ..\H.H, KpHrrTOKJiacc, KOHJ..\errTyanbHaR MeTacpopa, HMeHHaR KaTeropmi:, KOfHHTHBHa.H Jll1HfBJ1CTJ1Ka. V N.Zaiceva CRYPTOCLASSES: ON SOME ASPECTS OF LINGUISTIC CATEGORIZATION Summary: This paper offers an attempt to interpret the data of the research studies of cryptotypes on the background of cognitive approach concerning the problem of categorization. Keywords: categorization, cryptotype, conceptual metaphor, noun cryptotype, cognitive linguistics. KorHl1Tl1BHbii1: rro,n;xo,n; B cospeMeHHoi1 Jil1HrBl1CTl1Ke rrpe,n;ocTaBJUieT 11ccne,n;osaTemo B03MO)l(HOCTh 6onee nrnpoKoro B3rJUI,n;a Ha qenoseqecKoe MbllllJieH11e, rrpou;eCCbl .H3bIKOBOi1 o6pa60TKl1 l1HcpOpMau;1111, rrp11pop;y qenoseqecKoi1 KaTerop113au;11n M11pa 11 ee 0Tpa)l(ett11e neKc11KorpaMMaT11qecK11M11 cpe,n;cTBaMH KOHKpeTHOro .H3bIKa, a TaK)l(e TJ1IIOJIOr11qecKoe J1X 113yqett11e rrp11 COIIOCTaBJieHJ1l1 .H3bIKOB. TaKoi1: rro,n;xo,n; CTaJI B03MO)l(HbIM rrp11 06'be,n;11ttett1111 ycmmi1: crreu;11an11cTOB B pa3HblX o6nacT.HX 3HaHHM: Jll1HfBl1CTl1Kl1, cp11nococp1111, aHTpo110JIOfl1l1, rrc11xonorH11, Teop1111 11ttcpopMau;1111 11 AP· © B. H. Ｓ｡ｴＺｵｾ･ｳＬ＠ 2012 100 LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA Op;Ha H3 QeHrparrhHhIX npo6rreM KOfHHTHBHO opMeHrMpoBaHHhIX HanpaBrrem1i1 B JIHHfBHCTHKe - KareropH3aQHH Ha Bcex ypoBHHX H3bIKa: cpoHOJIOffflleCKOM, MopcporrorJtqecKOM, JieKcJtqecKOM, CHHTaKCJtqecKOM. KrraccJtqecKHH «06'beKT11B11cTcK11i1» nop;xop; rrp11 3TOM cnep;yeT coqeraTb c «3KCnep11eHQl1aJI.l1CTCKl1M», T. e. HCnOJib3YIOI.l\11M 3Mn11pw1eCKHe H3bIKOBbie p;aHHbie, qro n03BOJil1JIO 6bI «nOBbICl1Tb CTattp;apTbl HayqHOH TOqHocT11» (JiaKocpcp 2004: 240). «qerroBeqecKaH KaTerop113aQ11.H ecTh B CBoet1: cyll\HOCTl1 npop;yKr qenoBeqecKoro orrbITa 11 Boo6pa)KeHJUI BocrrpIDITJUI, p;B11rarerrbHOH aKTHBHOCTl1 11 KYJihryphl, c op;HOH cropoHbI, 11 Meracpopbl, MeTOH.11Ml111 11 MeHTaJibHOH o6pa3HOCTl1 B QeJIOM, c p;pyrot1:. KaK crrep;crB11e, qerroBeqecKoe MbilliJieH11e ttarrpHMYJO 3aBl1CHT or 3Tl1X cpaKTOpOB 11, crrep;oBaTeJibHO, He MO)KeT 6bITb oxapaKrepH30BaHO TOJlbKO B repM11Hax onepHpOBaHl1H a6crpaKTHblMH CHMBOJiaMl1 <... > J13MeHl1Tb caMO IlOIDITHe Kamezopuu 3HaqJ1T H3MeHHTb Hallie IlOHHMaHl1e M11pa» (raM )Ke). B CB.H3H c 3THM, Ha Halli B3fJIH,lJ;, npep;craBJIHeT 3Haq11reJibHbIH HHTepec MCCJiep;oBaTeJibCKHH npoeKT KOJIJieKTHBa yqeHbIX Kacpep;pbl reopeTM qecKOH M rrpHKJiap;HoH JIMHrBHCTHKM BopoHe)KCKoro rocyp;apcrBeHHoro YHHBepcwrera, CBH3aHHbIH c M3yqeHJ1eM MO,D;eJIH onMcaHJUI H3bIKOBOH KareropH3aQMH MMpa MeTO,ll;OM BbUIBJieHMH KpMilTOKJiaCCHbIX CHCTeM aH fJIMHCKOfO H pyccKoro H3bIKOB. no 3TOH npo6rreMaTMKe HMeeTCH PHA pa6oT, B KOTOpbIX pa3pa6arh1Baerrn noIDITMe Kp1mr0Knacca, npep;rraraerCH IlOilbITKa nocraHOBKM npo6rreMbl KpHnTOKJiaCCHOfO pacnpep;erreHHH MMeH, npoBO,ll;HTCH HCCJiep;oBaHMe KpMnTOKJiaCCOB aHfJIMHCKHX MMeH, HX peKoHcrpyKQHH (cM., Hanp.: (EopHCKMHa, KpeTOB 2003; EopMCKMHa 2010a, 6; 2011)), npHBO,lJ;HTCH MeTO,ll;MKa Bbip;erreHHH l1 onMcaHMH KpHnTOKJiaCCOB no coqeralOI.l\MMCH CJIOBaM-KJiaccHcpHKaTopaM(EopMCKHHa, Kperos 2003; KperoB, EopHCKMHa, BarnrrheBa 2004: 61-65), a TaK)Ke p;aerrn KOMnJieKCHblH nop;xop; KpHnTOKJiaCCHOfO aHaJIM3a JieKCMKM, yqMTblBalOI.l\MH He TOJibKO KaqecTBeHHbie, HO M KOJIJtqeCTBeHHbie napaMeTpbI cKpb1Toi1 H3bIKOBoi1 KareropH3aQMM (KperoB, EopMCKMHa, BarnrrheBa 2004), BM3yarrM3aQMH KOJmqecTBeHHblX M3MepeHMH KpMrITOKJiaCCHOfO qrreHCTBa (EopHCKMHa 2010a: 153-158) H p;p. TaKOH nop;xop; K KareropH3aQMM o6o6Il\aer onbIT no M3yqeHMIO cKpbIThIX KareropHH rpaMMaTHKH (Yopcp, KaQHeJibCOH), onMcaHMIO cnoBapttbIX KaTeropHH (BMHorpap;oB), MeracpopMqeCKHX MOp;errei1 (JiaKocpcp, Jl>KOHCOH, ,UMKCOH M p;p.) M H3bIKOBOH KaTeropH3aQMM MHpa (ApyTIOHOBa, YcneHCKMH) (raM )Ke: 153). 101 LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA qTO )Ke TaKOe Kp11IlTOKJiacc? «Kp11nTOKJiacc 11MeH MO)l(HO onpe.o,eJll1Tb KaK CKpblTblH rreKC11KO-rpa.MMaTWieCK11H KJiacc, rrmneHHblH MOpcporrornqecKOH MapK11pOBKJ.1 J.1 ofrbe,D,J.1HJllOlll;J.1H J.1MeHa B COOTBeTCTBl1J.1 c npi.tHQi.tnoM ReKcu1-1ecKou pacnpeoeRemwcmu. CyTh npi.tHQ11na neKCi.ttiecKotl pacnpe.o,eneHHOCTl1 cocrn11T B cne.o,y10w;eM: 11Metta pacrrpe.o,eJI.R:IOTCH no KrraccaM B COOTBeTCTBJ.111 c ceMaHTJ.1lleCKJ.1MJ.1 npi.t3HaKaMJ.1 np11 o6.R:3aTellbHOH Bblpa)l(eHHOCTJ.1 KllaCCHOH npi.ttta.o,rre)l(HOCTl1 11MeHJ.1 B cTpyKType npe.o,11o)l(ett11.R: qepe3 rreKCHtieCKl1H Krracrncpi.tKarnp, npe.o,cTaBneHHhIH CllOBocpopMOH, mrn .R:BllReTC.R: qacThlO CJ.1HTaKCl1tICCKOH ｋｏｈｃｔｐｙｾｩＮｴﾻＨ｡ｍ＠ )Ke). B KatiecTBe np11Mepa paccMoTpi.tM npe.o,cTaBrreHHbIH 0. 0. Eop11cK11ttotl (2010a) Kp11m0Krracc «PENETRABILIS» (KaTerop11arrbHhIH npi.t3HaK «Korr10w;ee, ocTpoe» ). B .o,aHHOM crryqae i.tMeHa.M11-narrotta.M11, caMhIMl1 ll)"IIIIl1MJ.1 npi.tMepa.Mi.t Krracca (npoToT11naMJ.1 3TOH KaTerop11i.t) 6y.o,yT TaK11e npe.o,MeTHhie 11Metta, KaK stick, needle, rod; crroBa to stab, to prick, to pierce, to penetrate, piercing, stabbing, sharp BblcTyna10T Knacc11cpi.tKaTopaMi.t 3Toro Kpi.tnToKrracca. Ci.tttTaKci.ttieCKa.R: COtieTaeMOCTb 3THX Krracc11cp11KaTopoB c a6cTpaKTHblMJ.1 J.1MeHaMl1 IIIl1poKoro ceMaHT11tiecKoro cneKTpa, TaKl1Mi.t KaK hope, idea, industry, issue, knowledge, labour, light, love, memory, name 11 T. .o,.; HX COBMeCTHa.R: BCTpeqaeMOCTb crry:>K11T OCHOBatt11eM ,D,lIR Toro, tIT06bI 6blll0 ycTaHOBneHO me qneHCTBO B Kpm1T0Krracce. BoT np11Mepb1 TaKOH cotieTaeMOCTJ.1, npe.o,cTaBJieHHbie B (Ta.M :>Ke): •.• a sudden spasm ofpain pierced her heart; ... the pain of loss began to penetrate the crowd; .. .a piercing stab of bright yellow pain; .. .stabbing pain penetrates my right eye i.t T. .o,. Ilpe.o,cTaBrreHHbie HaMJ.1 np11Mepbl, Oill1CbIBalOT crryqa11, KOrp,a 11MeHa IIIi.tpOKOfO CeMaHTJ.itieCKOfO cneKTpa 06ttapy:>K11Ba10T t{JICHCTBO B O,D,HOM o6w;eM AJIR ce6H Kp11nToK11acce. HanpoTi.tB, B 11ccne.o,0Batt1111 (KpeTOB, Eop11cK11Ha, Bac1111beBa 2004: 61-65) Ha npi.tMepe Knacca i.tMeH - o6o3HatieHi.tH 11HCTpyMeHTOB 11 npo.o,yKTOB MblCllJ.1TellbHOH p,eRTeJihHOCTJ.1 B attrrr11tlcKoM H3hIKe, TaKHX KaK idea, thought, doubt, view, opinion, noWm, concept, assumption, guess i.t .o,p., MbI Bl1,D,11M, tITO qrreHCTBO ceMaHTl1tieCKM O,D,HOpO,D,HblX J.1MeH MO:>KeT 6bITb o6ttapy)l(eHO B pa3HblX Kpi.tnTOKrraccax. TaK, rrpo.o,yKTbI MettTarrbttoro npo11cxo:>Kp,eHM accoQi.taTi.tBHO KaTerop113YJOTC.R: HOCHTeJIRMl1 attrn11tlcKoro H3bIKa KaK HE:>KJ1BbIE (<I> J13ytqECKJ1E OE'bEKTbI), np11 3TOM cyw;ecTBeHHhIM np113HaKO.M 6y.o,eT CTAEJ1JlbHOCTb HX cpopMbI, HX TerrecHOCTb, rn:>KeCTb: weighty ideas (cp. mJCJICe!l.bte, o6peMeHumenbHbte Mbtrnu), weigh to /opinion (cp. aec MHe102 LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA HUH), tta1rnqwe y ttmc nwtte:HttbIX pa3MepoB wide, broad concept (cp. um- poKoe noHHmue), high, low opinion (cp. 8btCOKoe, HUJKoe MHeHue), short guess (cp. KopomKaJl OOZaOKa); KpOMe TOfO, MeHTanbHbie J1Metta «MOAe- m1py10TCH» no Twny BJ.1,IJ;:t-1MOfO IlPE,UMETA: to see an idea, thought, notion, doubt; thought dawns - MbICnh cTaHOBHTCR BHAHMOH a clear concept; TBEP,UOfO TIPE,UMETA: solid doubt (cp. maepooe y6eJKoeHue), npe,D;MeTa, KOTOpbIH MO)l(HO IlO,D;Aep)l(aTh: to support views, assumptions (cp. noooepJKu8amb MHeHue, noomaepoumb, npuoepJKuaambCJl 83ZllJlOa); pa3septtyTh, pacKpbITh to develop an idea, view, concept ( cp. paJaumb, pacKpbtmb uoe10 ); AOTpOHYTbCH, KOCHYThCH, OC.H3aTb npeACTaBnettwe, noH.HTHe: to touch a notion (cp. JampoHymb noHHmue); TIPE,UMETA, ttaｘｏａｊｉｾ･ｲｯ｣Ｎｈ＠ B co6CTBeHHOCTJ1, KOTOpbIH MO)l(HO pa3AenJ1Tb, pacqneHHTb 83ZllJlO, uoeu, MblCto share ideas, views, concepts (cp. pa30enumb Ｂｩ･ｬｾＭｭｯ＠ llU), npw 3TOM 3ttaqwMo TaKoe csotfcTBO B3flUIAa, KaK OCTPOTA: poin to view - OCTpwe B3fn.HAa (cp. mO"iKa 3peHUJl). J.1ttcTpyMeHThl J1 npOAYKThl HHTenneKTyanbttotf Ae.HTeJibHOCTH yn0Ao6JU110Trn MEJIKOMY pa3MepoM c PYKY TIPE,UMETY. J.1x MO)l(HO B3HTb B pyKw to take an idea, view, concept, notion, opinion (cp. 83Jlmb nOHJlmUe, UOe10, npeocma8lleHue); nepeAaTb KoMy-nw6o B pyKw to give an idea, view, thought, guess, concept, opinion, AaTb npeACTaBJieHJ1e to hand down an opinion ( cp. nooamb uoe10, MblCllb, nooenumbCJl OOZaOKOU ); ,D;ep)l(aTb B pyKax to hold an opinion, to handle concept doubt (cp. onepupoaamb noHHmueM); cxBaTHTb to grasp concept, to seize doubt, to catch an idea, thought (cp. ynoaumb noHHmue, UOe10, COMHeHue; yxaamumbCJl Ja MblCllb, UOe10, COMHeHue). )KJ1BblE: H,D;ew w nottHTHH poJKoa10mcH to generate ideas, concepts (cp. nopooumb UOe10, nOHJlmue); MblCnb J1 COMHeHHe JKUBym, 06uma10m - the thought (doubt) lingers (cp. MbtCllb nocenunacb, coMHeHue Japoounocb ); MO)l(HO ycTaHOBJ1Tb Om1.{08Cm80, npoHCXO)l(AeHHe HAeH, noHHTHH - the origin, paternity of a concept, idea ( cp. npoucxoJKoeHue, om1.{0acmao uoeu). MbicnJ1, l1,D;el1 IlOA06Hbl PACTEHJ.1IO: HAeH 1.{8emem idea blossoms (cp. uoeu np01.{8ema10m), MbICJIH BHHYT the thought faded, npe,D;nono)l(ettwe wMeeT cTe6enh, Kopetth assumption stems ( cp. npeononoJKeHue yKopeHunocb, yxooum KopHHMu). OnHchrnaeMaH B wccneAoBattwH (KpeToB, EopwcKesHq, BarnnheBa 2004: 61-65) KpwmoKnaccttaH opraHH3au;wH 3Hamt:H 0 npOAYKTax MbicnJ1TenbHOH Ae.HTenbHOCTJ1 Il03BOJUleT Ta10Ke KaTeropw3oBaTb MettTanhtthie KOHCTPYKTbI KaK noA06ttb1e )KJ.1BOMY Il0,UBJ.1)KHOMY, qEJIOBEKY xom1qEMY, JIE)KAqEMY, CJ.1,U.HqEMY, qEJIOBEKY-,UE.HTEJIIO, npH 3TOM OHH MoryT MbICnHTbCH 103 LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA KaK ｂｏｾＮｈｅ＠ TEJIO, BMECTJ1JIJ1W:E, ｾｊＱｋｬｅ＠ 3BEPJ1, o6'heKTaM MeHTaJibHhIX aKTOB rrpmu1cbrnaeTCH cTaTyc JIETAIOW:EfO, ｃＧ｢ｅｾｏｂﾭ HOfO 11 ,n;pyrne. TaKHM a6cTpaKTHbIM HMeHaM ( ｯＶＳｈ｡ｱＱＰｾｍ＠ HHCTpyMeHTbI 11 npo- ,n;yKTbI MblCJIHTeJibHOH ,n;eHTeJibHOCTH qeJIOBeKa) KaTerop11aJibHblff np113HaK npHilHCbIBaeTCH B 3TOM CJiyt:lae YCJIOBHO, no 3aKOHaM MeTa$OpbI. «Kom.i;errTyaJibHa.H Merncpopa» O,ll;HO 113 QeHTparrbHbIX IlOHHTHH KaTerop1111 KpHnTOKJiacca, «paccMaTpHBaeTrn KaK BH,n;ettHe o,n;Horo o6'beKTa qepe3 ,n;pyrotf H B 3TOM CMbICJie HBJIHeTCH O,ll;HHM H3 crroco6oB penpe3eHTaQJ1H 3HaHHR B H3bIKOBOH <t>opMe. MeTa<l>opa o6bllIHO OTHOCHTCH He K OT,n;eJibHbJM H307IHpOBaHHbIM o6'beKTaM, a K CJIO)l(HblM MbICJIHTeJibHbIM npocTpaHCTBaM ( o6JiaCTHM 'l!YBCTBeHHOro HJIH COI.J;HaJibHOro onbITa). B npoQeccax no3HaHHR 3TH CJIO)l(Hhie, Henocpe,n;cTBeHHO He Ha61110AaeMb1e MblCJIHTeJibHble npoCTpaHCTBa COOTHOCHTCH qepe3 MeTa<t>opy c 6oJiee npOCTblMH ... (Hanp., qeJIOBeqecKHe 3MOQJ1J1 cpaBHHBalOTCH c ortteM, norrHTHKa - c 11rpotf, copeBHOBaHHeM HT.A.» (7, c. SS)). TaK, aBTOp pa6oTbl (JlaKo<l><P 2004: 491), paccy)l(Aa.H o KOHQemyaJIH3aQHH qyBcTBa rtteBa H pyKOBOACTBYHCb «HapOAHOH Teop11etf <1>11311011or11qecKHX 3<P<l>eKTOB», rrpeAJiaraeT MeTOAHKY ,ll;JIR CHCTeMaT11qecKoro 113yqeHHH R3blKOBblX Bblpa)l(eHHH 3TOfO 3MOI.J;HOHaJibHOf0 COCTOHHHH, noHMMaeMbIX B MeTa$opHqecKoM CMhlCJie. Ha nepBblH B3rJIR,n; 3TH Bhlpa)l(eHHH Ka)l(yTCH CTOJib pa3Hoo6pa3HblMH, 1.JaCTO H,ll;HOMaT11qeCKHMH, 'l{TO HeJierKO o6Hapy)l(HTb KaKyJO-JIJ16o CHCTeMy: • He lost his cool 'Ott noTepHn xJia,n;HoKpoB11e, BblIIIerr 113 ce6H, noTepHrr KOHTp07Ib HaA CBOHMH qyBCTBaMH B rHeBe'; • He was looking daggers at me 'Ott CMOTpHT Ha MeHH BOJIKOM; OH MeqeT B Mem1 rrra3aMH MOJIHHH', 6yKB. 'ott CMOTpHT KHH)l(aJiaMH HaMeHH'; • I almost burst ablood vessel '.H qyTh He rrorrttyJI OT 3JIOCTH I HpocT11', 6yKB. 'Y MeHH tJYTb He JIOnHyrr KpOBeHOCHhIH cocy,n;'; 'Y Hero y pm Bb1CTyn11Jia netta (oT •He was foaming at them outh 6eIIIeHCTBa, rHesa)'; •You are beginning to get to me 'Thi HaqHHaeIIIh pa3,n;pa)l(aTh MeHH!' 6yKB. 'Thi ttatrnttaeIIIb ,ll;OCTaBaTb Mem1'; • You make my blood boil 'Thi np11Bo,n;11IIIh MeHH B 6eIIIettcTBo!' 6yKB. 'TbI 3aCTaBJIHeIIIb MOIO KpOBb KHileTb'; •Watch out! He is on a short fuse! 'Bepernch! Ott BOT-BOT BCilbIJIHT, B30pBeTrn!' 6yKB. 'Ott Ha KOpOTKOM B3pb1BaTerre' H MHOrne ,n;pyrne. 104 LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA AsTop AOKa3hIBaeT, qTo 3TOT cn11coK He cnyqaJ1Hhn1. B octtose scex 3TJ1X BblpCl)l(eHHH Jie)f(J1T «COrnacoBaHHa.R B pa3HblX CBOHX qacn1x KOHQenTyaJibHaH opraHJ13aQJ1.H», H «MHoroe B Heii HBn.HeTCH MeTacpopHqecKHM 11 MeTOHHM11qecKHM» (TaM )f(e). B «ttapo,a;tto:H Teop11H cp113110nor11qecKHX 3cpcpeKTOB rtteBa» npH3HaKaMH Toro, qTo qenoseK pa3rtteBaH, 6y,a;yT IlOBbIIIIeHHe TeMnepaTypbI Tena, yseJIJ1qeHHe BHyTpettttero ,a;asneHHH (KpOBHHoro ,a;asneHHH 11 BHYTPHMhIIIIeqttoro ttanpH)f(emrn), ,ll;BHfaTeJibHOe B036y)f(,a;em1e J1 HapyIIIeHHe ToqHOCTH socnpHHTHH, J1 «B nosce,a;HeBHOH )f(J13HJ1 Mbl HCilOJib3YeM Hapo,a;ttyio Teopmo B 3HaqHTeJibHOH Mepe An.H Toro, qTo6hI Ha OCHOBaHHH BHeIIIHero BH,a;a qeJIOBeKa C006ll.lHTb 0 TOM, tJTO OH npHIIIeJI B rHeB HJIH paccep,a;HJICH» ( TaM )f(e; c. 493-494). HaIIIH 3HaHHH o M11pe, npe,a;cTasneHHhie B ttapo,a;Ho:H Teo- p1111, cny)f(aT octtosatt11eM ,a;n.H BhI,a;eneHHH cne,a;yIOll.lHX Merncpop rttesa: zHe8 - 3mo J1Cap, OZOHb, zopH 1taH JICUOKocmb 80 8Mecmunuw,e, onaCHoe JICU80mHoe, zpy3 J1 T.,a;. TipH 3TOM np11se,a;eHHbIH npHMep ,a;eMOHCTp11pyeT HaJIHtJHe HeCKOJibKHX KOfHHTHBHbIX MeTacpop An.H O,ll;HOfO H TOfO )f(e zopHt.taH Mh1cn11Tenbttoro npocTpattcTBa. Bap11aHT MeTacpopb1 lHeB JICUOKocmb 80 8Mecmunuw,e ropa3,a;o 6onee pa3pa60TaH, TaK KaK ttaIIIa KOHQenTyaJihHaH CHCTeMa B QeJIOM BKmoqaeT ｣ｮ･ＬｺｷＱＰｾｹ＠ cpopy - ＰＶｾｹＱ＠ MeTa- Teno npe,a;cTaBn.HeT co6o:H 8Mecmunuw,e 3MOZ-4UU: • He was filled with anger 'Ott 6hrn nonoH mesa'; • She could not contain her joy 'Otta He Morna c,a;ep)f(aTb ( 6yKB. BMeCTHTh) CBOIO pa,a;OCTb'; • She was brimming with rage 'Otta 6hlna nepenonHetta HpOCTbIO'; • You make my blood boil 'TbI 3acrnsm1eIIIb MOIO Kposh KHneTb'; • Simmer down! 'OcThIHbTe!'; • I had reached the boiling point 'JI ,a;ocT11r TOqK11 K1mett11H'; • Let him stew 'TiycTb OH no3JIHTcH'. Bee npttse,a;eHHhie np11Meph1 - Bap11aHThI npoHBJieHHH 3TOH KOHQen- TyanbHOH MeTacpopbI. B pa3HhIX H3hIKax o,a;HH 11 Te )f(e Mb1cn11TeJibHbie npocTpattcTsa MOryT KOHQenTyan11311poBaThC.R c IlOMOll.lbIO pa3HblX KOfHHTHBHbIX MeTacpop (oco6eHHO Hanrn,a;HbIM 6y,a;eT conOCTaBJieHHe esponeHCKHX H3bIKOB 11 H3hIKOB KopeHHbIX )f(HTene:H Acpp11K11, AscTpamrn, A3HH), tJTO o6ycnosnetto oco6eHHOCTHMH onh1Ta H KYJihTypttoro KOHTeKcTa: «co,a;ep)f(aHHe MHcpos, 3TJ1qecKHe HOpMbl, IlOJIHTHqecKHe ycTaHOBJieHHH, peIIHfH.R HAP· KOMnoHeHTbI KYIIhTYPhI cKa3hIBaIOTCH Ha npoQe,a;ypax 11 pe3ynhTaTax KOfHHTHBHOH ,a;eHTeJibHOCTH» (Ky6pHKOBa, ,[(eMh.RHKOB, TiattKpaQ, 105 LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA Jly3HHa 1997· 52). B KattecTBe HJIJIIOCTpaQHH np1rnep;eM np11Mepb1 Bbipa- )l(eHHR npocTpaHCTBeHHOfO IlOJIO)l(eHJUI B pyccKOM .H3hIKe (npH IlOMOI.I.\H nap;e)l(eH H npep;noroB HHp;oesponeikKOH CHCTeMbl) H B xanKaTOHfO MHCTeK, OTOMattreaHCKOM R3hIKe 3anap;HoJ1 MeKCHKi-t (JlaKocpcp 407), 2004: 406- rp;e «npoCTpaHCTBeHHOe IlOJIO)l(etti-ie IlOHi-tMaeTCR qepe3 MeTacpo- puqecKylO npoeKQHIO o6o3HatteHHJ1 qacTeJ1 Tena Ha ofrbeKTbI» (TaM )Ke). He Mettee i-tHTepecHhI cnyqai-i attanornqttot1: MeTacpopu3aQHH s pa3HbIX R3hIKax. HanpHMep, «OpHeHTaQi-tOHHhie» ( orientational) (Ky6p.HKOsa, )J.eMb.HHKOB, 11aHKpaQ, Jly31rna 1997: 52) MeTacpopbl KaK B aHrJIHH- CKOM, TaK H B pyccKOM .H3hIKax «CTPYKTYP"PYIOT HeCKOJibKO o6nacTeH H C03p;alOT o6IQYIO All.H HHX CHCTeMY KOHQenTyani-t3aQHi-t; OHH B OCHOBHOM CB.H3aHbl c opi-teHTaQi-teJ1 B npoCTpaHCTBe, c npoTi-tBOilOCTaBJICHH.HMi-1 n1na "ssepx "QeHTparrhHhIH - BHi-t3", "sttyTpi-t - cttapy)l(:11': "rny60K11J1 - nepi-icpepi-it1:ttb1J1" i-i p;p.» (TaM )Ke). MeJIKHtt", IO. M. JloTMaH, pa3Mbllllll.H.H 0 KOHQenTyanH3aQHH HenpocTpaHCTBeHHblX pecpepeHTOB 3HaKaMi-t c npocTpaHCTBeHHOH .H3bIKOBOH ceMaHTHKOH B pyccKOM .H3bIKe, npi-ixop;HT K BbIBOAy: «COBMell.\em1e BbICOKOfO H AaJieKoro H npoTi-tBOilOJIO)l(HaJl xapaKTepHCTHKa "ttH3a" p;eJialOT "sepx" HanpaBJICHHeM paClllHpHIOI.I.\efOCR npocTpaHcTBa: qeM Bhillle, TeM 6e3rpaHHttttee npocTop, qeM HJ1)1(C, TCM TCCHee. Kottet{Ha.H TOt{Ka Hl13a COBMeIQaeT B ce6e see i-icqe3HYBlllee npocTpattcTBO. vfa 3Toro BhITeKaeT, "tJTO ABH)l(etti-ie B03MO)l(HO JIJ1lllh HaBepxy i-i onno3HQH.H "sepx - Hi-t3" CTaHOBHTC.H CTPYKTypttbIM J1HBapi-taHTOM He TOJibKO aHTi-tTe3bl "p;o6po ttenop;BH)l(HOCTb': CMepTh )l(eHHe BHH3 .•• » (JloTMaH 3no': HOH "p;BJ1)1(eHJ1e npeKpaIQeHHe ABH)l(eHH.H - 1970: 270-271). eCTh ABH- Attanornqtto B attrrrHHCKOM .H3bIKe «Ct{aCTbe, 3,ll;OpOBhe, C03HaTeJibHOe, paQHOHaJibHOe» OIIHCbIBaeT- CH qepe3 MeTacpopy «HaBepxy», «cnepxy», «BBepx» (up), Torp;a KaK «HeC'laCTbe, 6orre3Hh, cMepTb» qepe3 MeTacpopy «BHH3)'», «BHH3» (down) (Ky6pHKOBa, )J.eMhHHKOB, 11aHKpaQ, Jly3l1Ha c 1997: 56). TO\IKJ1 3peHJ1.H o6»eKTJ1BJ1CTCKOH KOHQeilQHi-1 KaTerop113aQJ1J1, TaKHe o6pa3Hble, H3bIKOBhie H MeHTaJibHhie HBJICHHH, KaK MeTacpopbl, He AOJI)l(Hbl paccMaTpHBaTbC.H " npi-tHJ1MaTbC.H BO BHHMaHHe np11 npep;cTaBJICHJ1J1 3HaHJ1M, TaK KaK OHH He MoryT npaBi-tllbHO OTpa)l(aTb BHelllHJ1H Ml1p, HO B pycne KOfHJ1Tl1BHOfO nop;xop;a 3cpcpeKTbl MeTacpopbl J1 MeTOHi-tMi-111 npHCTaJibHO 113yqa10TCR, TaK KaK p;aHHbie, B TOM \IJ1Cne KpHnTOKJiaCCHbIX 11ccnep;oBaHJ1H, OilHCbIBalOT «MeTacpop11qecK11e npoeKQHH KOHKpeTHhIX o6rracTeJ1: Ha a6cTpaKTHbie o6rracTH» (JiaKocpcp 2004: 35). 106 LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA BepHeMc.H K xapaKTep11cT11Ke Kp11rrT0KrraccH0To qrreHCTBa 11MeH11. «TI p11Ha,n;rre)f(HOCTb HMCHH K KpHITTOKrraccy MO)f(CT MCHHTbCH c Ka)f():\bIM CITOBoyrroTpe6rreHHCM» (EopHCKHHa 2010a: 154), T. e. HMR MO)f(eT o6HaPY)f(HBaTb 1rneHCTBO B HeCKOIThKHX Kp11rrT0Knaccax, coqeTaHCb B pa3HhIX KOHTeKCTax c pa3HblMH KJiaccmp11KaTopaMH, KaK rroKa3bIBaIOT rrpe,n;cTaBneHHbie Bblllle rrp11Mepbl KpHITTOK1IaCCHOH KaTerop113au;1111 HMeH-o6o3HaqeHHH HHCTpyMeHTOB H rrpo,n;yKTOB MbICITHTeJibHOH ,n;e.HTelibHOCTH B aHrnHHCKOM .H3bIKe, TaKHX KaK idea, thought, doubt 11 ,n;p. ( KpeTOB, Eo- p11cK11Ha, Bac11rrbeBa 2004: 62-65), rrpe,n;no)f(eHHbie ,n;1rn KpHrrToKnaccHoro HCCJie,n;oBaHH.H (TaM )KC). I1p11 3TOM HMeHa MOryT .HBIT.HTb CBOIO rrp11Ha,n;11e)f(HOCTb o,n;HOMY KpHITTOKrraccy ( O,l1;HHM KpHITTOKnaccaM) qall.\e, qeM ,n;pyroMy (,n;pyrnM), HO «Ha6op KpHITTOK1IaCCOB, B KOTOpbie BX0,!1;HT 3TO CITOBO, orpatt11qeH» (EopHCKHH 2010a: 154), T. e. KOHeqeH. TaK)f(e ,n;ocTOHH BHHMaHH..H TOT rrp11Hu;11n, qTo «Ba)f(HbIM, Heo6xo,n;11MbIM H ,n;ocTaToqHbIM ycnOBMeM BbI,n;eneHH.H KpHnTOK1Iacca HMeH cne,n;y- eT cq11TaTb HaJIHqHe .HBHOfO (MopcpeMHO-Bblpa)f(eHHOfO) KJiacca XOT.H 6bI B O,l1;HOM .H3bIKe MHpa. 11Haqe fOBOp.H, cpaBHeHHe KpHnTOKJiaCCOB o,n;Horo .H3bIKa c <l>eHOTHITaMH (.HBHblMH rpaMMaT11qecutMH KJiaccaMl1) ,n;pyrHX .H3bIKOB .HBJI.HeTC.H He TOJlbKO crroco6oM ｯＶｈ｡ｰｾ･ＮＬ＠ CBOero po,n;a no,n;- CKa3KOH, qTo l1CKaTb, HO H, no cyTl1, cnoco6oM JIHHfBl1CTJ1qecKOH, T. e. THIT0110fHqecKOH nernTHMH3au;HH Kpl1IlTOKrracca» (TaM )Ke). B pe3yJibTaTe 3HaKOMCTBa c KaTerop11eH KpHilTOKnacca MO)f(HO OTMeTHTb HeKOTOpbie ee xapaKTepHCTl1Kl1, HanpHMep, HaJ111q11e B HeH H,n;pa H rrep11cpepJrn (EopHCKHHa 20106: 28-33), l1MeH-3TaJIOHOB, HaJIJ1qHe y l1MeH-3TaJIOHOB «IlpOTOTHilHqecKHX KaTeropttaJibHbIX npl13HaKOB», T. e. npl13HaKOB, npHCYI.l.\HX 6onee npaBHITbHbIM, nyqlllHM qneHaM KaTe- ropm1 (o TeopHH npoTornnoB Polll CM. (JlaKocpcp 2004: 62-85), Hanwrne KJiaCTepoB rryqKOB UHmepaKUrUOHallbHbtx ( TaM )Ke: 84) npl13HaKOB, l1JIH u;eJIOCTHbIX remTaJibTOB, OITl1CbIBaIOI.l.\l1X npOTOTHilHqecKJte qneHbl KaTerop11'1, ac11MMeTpHH Me)f(,n;y qJieHaMH KaTeropHH KpeToB, Eop11cKJtHa, Bac11nbesa 2004: 62-65), T. e. «pa3n11q11J1 B ou;eHKe Toro, HaCKOJibKO xopolllO OHM rrpe,n;cTaBIT.HIOT KaTeropHIO» (JlaKo<l>cl> 2004: 85). Tiepeq11cneHHbie Bblllle CBOHCTBa KpHilTOKJiaCCHbIX KaTeropHH rro3BOIT.HIOT fOBOpHTb 0 rro,n;xo,n;e HCCJie):\OBaTeneH K KaTerop113au;1111, ocHOBaHHOH Ha KOrHHTHBHbIX MO,n;eJIHX, orr11caHHbIX B Tpy,n;ax yqeHbIX, ITOJIO)KJ1Bllll1X HatJano KOfHHTHBHOMY HarrpaBJieHMIO B JIJ1HfBHCTJ1Ke J1 KOfHHTl1Bl13MY B u;eJIOM, 0 ITOilblTKe «06'b.HCHeHH.H MexaHH3MOB Ka- Terop113au;Hl1 He TOJibKO B o6rraCTl1 cp11311qecKHX o6'beKTOB, HO TaK)f(e 107 LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA B a6CTpaKTHhIX KOHL\enryarrhHhIX o6rracnix - 3MOL\HH, npocrpattcTBeH- HhIX OTHOIIIeHHH, COL\HaJibHbIX OTHOIIIeHHH, B .fl3bIKe H T. p;.» ( TaM )Ke). MeTop;11Ka KpHnToKrraccttoro Hccrrep;oBaHHR MO)l(er 6bITh npHMeHeHa B KOHTeKCTe JIHTepaTypoBep;qecKoro attam13a xyp;o)l(eCTBeHHOfO TeKCTa, o6pa3HOfO IT03TH'ieCKOfO CJIOBa, Hp;HOMaTH'ieCKHX Bbipa)l(eHHH, a TaK)l(e ycoBepIIIeHCTBOBaTb KOMITbIOTepttyIO o6pa60TKY reKCTOB Ha ecreCTBeHHOM .fl3bIKe. B 3aKJIIO'ieHHe MO)l(HO cp;errarh BblBOp; 0 TOM, 'ITO KaTeropHR KpHn- TOKJiaCCOB - 3TO KOfHHTHBH<UI KaTeropH.H, H nop;o6Hble HCCJiep;oBaHH.H MOryT HrpaTb 3Ha'iHTeJibHYIO porrh B nocrpoeHHH HOBOH corrracoBaHHOH Hay'iHOH napap;HfMbl, KOTOp<UI Haxop;HTC.fl B CTap;HH CTaHOBJieHH.H. EopucKwta 0. 0. EI..Qe o.n;1rn no.n;x:o.n; K H3yqemuo MeTa<l>op11K11 nonHTHtiecKoro .n;HcKypca II IlonHrntiecKaH Jil1HrBl1CTHKa. 2010a. N2 1(31).C.153-158. EopucKuHa 0. 0. KJiacrn<l>m.\HPYIOI..QHe CTPYKTYPbI s Kp1mT0KnaccHoM Hecne.n;osaHHH 11 BeeTHHK Bopotte>KeK. roe. ytt-Ta. Cep. Jl11HrBHeTHKa 11 Me>KKYJibTypttan KOMMYHHKaf.\11.H. 20106. N2 2. C. 28-33. EopucKUHa 0. 0. Kp11nT0Knaee attrn11t1eKoro .ff3bIKa «RESLONGA» II Ilpo6neMbI neKe11Ko-eeMaHT11tieeKot1 T11nononrn: e6. ttayq. Tpy.n;os I no.n; pe.n;. A.A.Kpernsa. Bbm. 1. Bopotte>K, 2011. C. 124-144. EopucKuHa 0. 0., Kpemoa A. A. Teop11.S1 .R:3bIKosm1 KaTerop113af.\1111: HaQHottanbttoe .H3bIKosoe eo3Hatt11e eKB03b rrpl13MY Kp1111T0Knaeea. Bopotte>K, 2003. Kpemoa A. A., EopucKuHa 0. 0., Bacu!lbeaa H. E. «IloneT Mb1en11» 11 MeTo.n;11Ka 11ecne.n;osatt11.R: Kp11nT0Knaecos 11 BeeTHHK Bopotte>KcK. roe. ytt-Ta. Cep. Jl11HrBl1eT11Ka 11 Me)KKYJibTyptta.H KOMMYHHKa{.\11.R:. 2004. N2 1. C. 61-65. Ky6pHKOBa E. C., ,[(eMbHHKOB B. 3., IIaHKpa11 IO. I:, llyJuHa JI. r. KpaTKm1 rnosapb KOrHJ1TJ1BHbIX TepM11Hos. M., 1997 JlaKo<f)(ft ,[(JK. )l(eHI..QJ1HbI, oroHb 11 orraeHbie seI..Q11: t.ITo KaTerop1111 .R:3bIKa rosop.RT HaM o MbIUIJieH1111. M., 2004. JlomMaH IO. M. CTpyKTypa xy.n;o>KeeTseHHoro TeKeTa. M., 1970. CTPYKTYPHMl 11 I1P11KflA,UHA51 fl11HrB11CT11KA MeJtCBy3oBcKuu c6opHuK BbmycK 9 Pe,naKTop JI. A. Kapnoea KoMIIbIOTepH<UI sepcTKa E. M. BopoHKOBOU ITo,nrrucaHo B rretiaTb 13.07.12. <I>opMaT 60x84 1/ 16• ITetiaTh ocpceTH<UI. ByMara ocpceTH<UI. Yen. rretI. n. 20,69. THpruK 250 3K3. 3aKa3 2,GO 113,naTenbCTBO CaHKT-I1eTep6yprcKoro fHHBeprnTeTa. 199004, C.-I1eTep6ypr, B.O., 6-R nHHJUI, 11/21. Ten. (812)328-96-17; cpaKc (812)328-44-22 E-mail: [email protected] www.unipress.ru T1morpacpH11 113,naTenbcTBa CI16fY. 199061, C.-I1eTep6ypr, Cpe,nHHH rrp., 41. N ...... 0 N a; c: :a al «i s: ｾ＠ t>s: m L.. :I: s: c::; 0:: <ti ｾ＠ :I: ｾ＠ s: c.. c: s: 0:: <ti :I: c.. >. ｾ＠ c.. >. 1- (.) c) 0 v ｾ＠ N 0 N 0 z (J) ｾ＠ HHTepHeT - MOfOlHH OZON.rU 1113AATEJlbCTBO C.-nETEP5YPrCKOn 1111111111111111111111111 1009549712