1 Abstract” Topic: Emergency management as a concept and platform in Kosovo, the Transport and Communications aspect. Case study, Kosovo and the aspirations for quality development and growth Context of treatment, legal-regulatory reviews and practical application. Level of treatment, initial reviews. Author: To: Nehat Koçinaj MSc VII Scientific Conference international: "The Challenges of Transport Mobility and Public Safety" Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020 2 II. The introductory word, Emergency management and not civil protection, or, crisis management, or whatever has begun to be applied is initially suggested by the international presence and administration of Kosovo by the Interim United Nations Mission in Kosovo -UNMIK, based on the UN SC Resolution 1244, 1999. Although this field was named as “Civil Security and Emergency Preparedness", systematized within UNMIK Pillar II, with the transition and structural developments within Kosovo (such as the decision to gradually transition of competencies to Kosovo Institutions from UNMIK administration, and the declaration of independence, initially supervised by international mechanisms from 2008-2010), from 2002/2003 specifying the scope mandate with the DME or Department of Emergency Management. Within this definition, the focus is on public areas and responsibilities such as: Prevention, Preparedness, Response and Recovery from Natural and Other Disasters. Both structural and substantive transitions occur with increasing local capacity for emergency management, but not coincidentally the term of civil protection does not apply, although the area of responsibility refers to the protection of life, material goods and the environment, under the basic law for protection against natural and other disasters. From the foregoing and reference sources, Kosovo is a unique case in the region related to the platform and concept built as an important component of public safety. Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020 3 II. Justification of the research, The model presented, "Emergency Management in Kosovo" and especially the transport and communications aspect within this model, is initially regulated by normative acts, such as Laws, Strategic Documents, Regulations, Administrative Instructions and Sectoral Strategy, and the like. With arguments represents the starting point good (subjective evaluation), in addressing and placing the country's decision-making attention, to empower and support them as functional models and platforms. Reasons,      Initially, this concept or model addresses all disasters, whether by nature or human factor, All kinds of disasters and for each regulatory level of the country or jurisdiction, and most importantly, Treats each disaster at all stages of its development, from: Prevention (through Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction), to the last within the emergency management cycle, Recovery phase, aspects of initial treatment in the field of transport and communications within the emergency management model are left to be desired, therefore, the effort to reflect current regulation regarding regional and international trends will also encourage and other specific regulatory research and clarification throughout the area of responsibility of transport and communication with the needs of the country in the context of emergency management. Whereas capacity building within local mechanisms addressing the role, importance and sustainability of transport and communication with associated infrastructure would be a benefit to all local responsible and participated stakeholders in the field of emergency management. III. Keywords used in the research: Emergency management, Kosovo, legal regulation of matter, model, platform, transport, the traffic, critical infrastructure. Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020 4 IV. The rules used in writing. Font, Book Antiqua Font size in title, 14 Font size in subheadings, 13 Font size in text, 12 Difference between lines in text, 1.15 Difference between chapter title and text, 1.5 V. Content; I. Title of the work ………………………………………..………….... page 1 II. Introduction, author's word ………………………………………………2 III. Reasonableness of the work ……… ………………………………..… 3 IV. Keywords used ……………………………………………………..…….4 V. Rules of Writing ……………………………………………………..…….4 VI. Content of the work ………………………………………………….…..5 1. The first chapter, introductory review……………………………… 6 2. Chapter Two, Narrative presentation of the situation on the topic by the RA document from ND and OD,.....................................6-7 3. Chapter Three, Local mechanisms and modes of action in response…………………………………………………………… 7-12 Summary ... …………………………………………………………….. 13-14 Recommendations………………………………………………………14 VII. Annexes, appendices, sketches …………………………………….. 15-17 VIII. Acronyms,.…………………………………………………………….. 18 IX. Dedication,.………………………………………………………..……. 18 X. Source of references ………………………………………………….. 19-20 Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020 5 VI. Content of the paper 1. Chapter one, introductory reviews on the topic, Emergency management as a local concept and platform in Kosovo, the Transport and Communications aspect, initially refers to the emergency management model practically applied in the country, and regulation through legal basis and strategic documents, such as, Law on protection against natural and other disasters, Risk Assessment by N and OD 2016 edition, IEMS Integrated Emergency Management System and NRP National Response Plan, 2010 edition. Emergency management as a notion rooted in incident management practices of any nature or extent in Kosovo, originates from the post-war period with the establishment of the United Nations Mission administration in Kosovo, the end of '99 and the beginning of the year.2000. Without elaborating on the reasons why this model, and perhaps the hypothetical question, why it did not proceed with the former community system within the framework of People's Defense and Community Self-Defense, where the concept of Civil Protection was an integral part of the Yugoslav federation! The concept of Emergency Management can hypothetically be justified by the transition of the KLA's capacity to the KPC, and its mandate in the transitional period. But the assumption-based hypothesis may also be the tracking of international trends and achievements in orienting the field of crisis management, which in countries weather developed is recognized as a concept defined within the notion of Emergency Management, and possibly consideration for new research from this positioning may be the treatment of the notion Emergency Management compared to the notion of Civil Protection, common aspects and differences in definition! 2. Chapter Two, Narrative Presentation of the Situation on the Topic Consequently, the aforementioned analysis will also provide logical conclusions, and give the presumed answer, but before going into a review of the definitions above, the finding that the Emergency Management model and not the Civil Protection model in the Kosovo is a practical and legal reality. In the basic law which regulates disaster management caused by nature and man-made , defined in 2011 edition, but based on the applicable principles of developed countries, Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020 6 presented in source taken as 1, while explaining reflects that, “Emergency management is a basic designation or fundamental of a cross-sectorial area that relates to the strategic management processes of organizations, in order to protect the critical assets of an organization from the potential risks that may cause events such as disasters (by nature or caused or man-made ), and provide sustainability with resilience , by taking care of the flexibility of the organization within the planning of its life expectancy or development and the continuity of it or them (organizations). Referring to the above, the conceptual and contextual difference is evident, so the country's initial alignment with the emergency management model and not with the civil protection model continues to be applied by the states of the region as a consequence of a continuation from the past, consequently non-transformation or the difficulty of moving from a concept of regulating the field of civil protection to one as Emergency Management, rather than building from the beginning as it was and continues to be the case with Kosovo, which perhaps out of its will, in the period of state building applied and continues to apply the benefits and advantages of system or model building from scratch! The Transport and Communications aspect from this point of view is presented throughout the national legislation, but the focus is on the latest treatments provided through the document “Risk Assessment of Natural and Other Disasters” at national level, 2016 edition. In this document, the Transport and traffic aspect is specifically defined in point 3.6 with the basic narrative2, but which itself contains a lot of statistics, and no evaluation at all. From this definition, questions arise as; should risk assessment substantially in terms of Transport and Communications reflect basic statistics, without touching on the methodology of risk assessment in this regard? It therefore opens the research and analytical debate on the formation of local mechanisms for reference, and defining the scope for future developments. Also from this point of reference air traffic highlights only in basic presentation. Elaborating the matter from this context, the same document breaks down and defines in Chapter XI, points 11.1 to 11.4, some parts as in 1 Emergency management is the generic name of an interdisciplinary field dealing with the strategic organizational management processes used to protect critical assets of an organization from hazard risks that can cause events like disasters or catastrophes and to ensure the resiliency of the organization within their planned lifetime.". 2 There are 1,924 km of roads in Kosovo, of which 630 km are highways and 1,294 km regional. Most of these roads are asphalted, a total of 1,666 km and 258 km unpaved. There are also 430 km of railway,of which 333 km are used for passenger transport and 97 km for industrial transport. The main line extends from the northern border of Kosovo, north of Mitrovica to Han i Elezit, with a length of 141 km. Other lines include the lines Fushe Kosove ‐ Kosovo‐ Peja, Klina ‐ Prizren and Fushe Kosove ‐ Prishtina to Podujevo. Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020 7 the next reference,3 Transport hazards are presented only in principle and based on the methodology of Risk Assessment from natural and other disasters, but the technical aspect of axes or modes of transport and their vulnerability is missing! This aspect has to be taken into consideration through research and research that should produce real and actionable effects in preparing the community to address the consequences of the worst case scenario, a principle that is addressed in the risk assessment steps guided by the document - “regulation on the risk assessment methodology by N and OD” , which is now in the process of being harmonized with the EU Technical Guidelines 2019 on the methodology for the assessment of natural and other risks, recommended by the IPA DRAM program. Particular in this document are the conclusions on the level of vulnerability of life and material goods (means of transport), as a result of the lack of adequate signaling at road - rail intersections for rail transport. The conclusions are drawn as a result of the impressions, rather than the relevant study (or as such, the study is not presented in the document as a reference), or analysis for specific axis, community and direction, or specific road-rail junction? 3. Chapter Three, Local Mechanisms and Manner of Operating and coordination in Response Kosovo based on the model built and developed in the last two decades, defined Emergency Management, is specifically distinguished from the countries of the region and beyond, the hypothetically elaborated reasons as above, has raised and developed initial capacity, both legally and operationally. As such, the state-level emergency management mechanism EMA Emergency Management Agency identifies with the mandate to guide Kosovo's efforts to: take care and build capacity to prevent risks posed by both nature and man-made hazards through risk reduction and risk assessment, for preparedness to face risks, response before and when they occur and are unavoidable, and short-term disaster recovery. It's mandate practice based on the law on Emergency Management Agency refer 4where it is specifically mandated as an 11.1. Road Transport The main and regional road network ‐ the road network in Kosovo is categorized into national (national) and regional roads, which are under the administration of the Ministry of Infrastructure 26 (MI) as well as local roads, including urban and rural roads under administration. of municipalities. The grid includes approximate length of roads. 4 Article 3 Definitions 1. The terms used in this Law shall have the following meaning: 1.1. Ministry ‐ Ministry of Internal Affairs MIA Agency ‐ Management Agency, Law no. 04 / ‐L ‐ 027 FOR DISASTER PROTECTION NATURAL AND OTHER DISASTERS 3 Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020 8 executive agency at the state level. The Agency implements its mandate in the operational context, based on the 5 Emergency Communication and Coordination Systems, through the EOC and QOA structure, which have been established since 2001, and developed in their mandate until 2008. Level up and qualitative developments in the communication and coordination system follow in the coming periods, with their standardization in line with internationally accepted norms and standards. While its mandate at local level, EMA practice through the local mechanism the Municipal Director for Protection and Rescue MDPR, which are often not even labeled as such, but as a local mechanism are in all Municipalities of the country systematized in the Directorate as Public Services, Environmental Protection or and as the Director of Safety and Emergency! The mode of action in incidents and emergencies is implemented according to the logic specified in the Law on Protection from Natural and Other Disasters, NRP National Response Plan, Integrated Emergency Management System IEMS, and Emergency Operational Plans at the Local Level, where it is rooted the principle of step-by-step incident and emergency management, which means that the incident situation is initially managed at the lowest administrative level. With the escalation and development of the situation for the worse, the MAE mechanism is activated through the Regional EOC, where requests for support and support from the local level and offer of support and management from the central level are made possible through the EOC 112 located in the main cities of Kosovo, as such are 6 EOC 112, Included and Municipality of North Mitrovica, operational 24/7 and operational for the entire geographical area of Kosovo. From the above-mentioned principle, the response methodology is functionally based on the logic of the step-by-step action referred to in Article 15 of the N and OD protection law, with the initial response logic with its own capacity. Following the depletion of its own opportunities, it follows with the request of support from the neighboring municipality, and the requirement to engage in capacity as a KSF 5 Article 54 Organization and operation of Emergency Operations Centers 1. For the purpose of carrying out operational and communication tasks related to monitoring, notification and warning within the Agency, the Ministry shall establish emergency operational centers. 2. These centers include: 2.1. the Agency's Operations Center; 2.2. Regional Emergency Operating Centers and; 2.3. Emergency Local Operating Centers. Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020 9 government respondent through the mechanism of EOC and AOC. The chart below reflects the chronology and concept of the action, Interaction of institutions with the local level is based on the principle that the incident or emergency case is managed at the lowest administrative level. Referring to the above principles, the principle and system of governance of the country, as well as the administrative and functional organization, are taken into consideration, which also includes the formation and development of operational and management capacities. From this context, Municipalities based on the law on protection against natural and other disasters, referred6 to in the quotation are responsible for Protection and Rescue in any aspect and at all stages of taking measures and actions to secure the mission field in this regard.7 Activity 6 Article 15 The "step by step" principle of deploying forces and resources 1. Where protection, rescue and assistance are required in a natural or other disaster, The local levels will initially deploy their own units and resources. 2. When the degree of disaster or danger exceeds the capacity of the emergency services units and current local level resources or when they cannot be provided by the neighboring local level, They are provided by the state from other regions. 3. If the forces and resources available are insufficient to cope with the necessary rescue and relief operations, then the deployment of the Task Force may be required. Kosovo's security and their defense resources. 7 Article 15 Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020 10 mechanisms beyond municipal capacity realized through inter-municipal agreements with neighboring municipalities, while support from the central level capacity provided by EMA's coordination mechanism, namely EOC 112 and AOC. Disaster response capacity testing has proven that Kosovo applies the emergency response and crisis response model, based on the logic of R1 R2 activation and Regional and International Factor Assistance, internally or externally seeking assistance. R1 stands for Local Action Capacity, and refers to First Responders, which means F&R, Police, and EMS. R2 means the Central or Governmental Response Capacity, and refers to the Second Responders. Whereas, assistance from the regional and international factor refers to mutual assistance and cooperation agreements with neighboring countries initially, and other countries in the region and internationally. This capacity is also applied differently as a third R3 Responders. Domestic experience in managing incidents and emergencies of a different nature and extent, participation in the European Civil Protection Mechanism DG ECHO, Kosovo and the countries of the region with Turkey is considered valuable from a personal perspective, where in addition to sharing experiences and lessons learned, operational capacity has also been raised. Thus, Kosovo in the implementation phase of the IPA Flood I and II ,refered 8program, from 20122015 has benefited from capacity building for flood disaster management, training and equipment for FSR Flood Search and Rescue (Surface Water Rescue) England FRB, Capacity - High Capacity Pumping HCP, and Capacity Flood Containment, FC. Whereas in terms of regional and international interaction, the concept of HNS - Host Country Disaster Support, English HNS, has been drafted practical action and regulation in emergency situations when a state seeks, provides, or serves in transit to teams and states for the provision of The "step by step" principle of deploying forces and resources Article 37 Local level responsibilities1. The local level is responsible for the implementation of protection against natural and other disasters on its territory. 2. The local level is responsible for: points 2.1 to 2.14 with a variety of duties and responsibilities. Whereas inter‐municipal cooperation is defined in point 3. The same law 1. When protection, rescue and assistance are required in a natural or other disaster, local levels will initially deploy their own units and resources. 8 9 https://ec.europa.eu/budget/euprojects/ipa‐floods_en https://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/about/COMM_PDF_SWD%2020120169_F_EN_.pdf Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020 11 assistance and assistance to a disaster-stricken country. And practiced through desk exercises and the practical Regional Referral9 Field Exercises. This concept of regional interoperability guides and specifies all action steps with the capacity and conditions of operations abroad, as it has become practical to act and regulate in emergency situations when a state requires, provides or serves as a transit to teams and states for providing assistance to the country affected by a disaster. Activation of regional and international disaster relief is provided through activation of local coordination and operational, as it mean refer 10mechanism in the legal mandate and mission field within EMA MIA through AOC. Furthermore, the law has also addressed this aspect in the Law on Protection against FN and FT as well as references where co-operation and interaction with neighboring, regional and wider states through active role supported by acts, agreements and treaties, through notification and warning risks and threats, as well as offering or seeking assistance when the local capacity of the country and country cannot cope with the disaster management situation. Scheme of providing and seeking assistance from other countries, either through bilateral agreements or through the EU-created External Emergency Coordination Mechanism also called ERCC- Emergency Response Coordination Center Brussels. The following reflection reflects on the principles of organization, regulation and mandate of ERCC and regulation on the principles of operation within the EU and the BP-Western Balkans region where Kosovo is a part. 99 https://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/about/COMM_PDF_SWD%2020120169_F_EN_.pdf 10 Article 4 Basic tasks of the system for protection against natural and other disasters, point 1.14. Providing assistance to other countries in cases of natural and other disasters. Article 8, Implementation of defense and international cooperation, points 1,2 and 3 Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020 12 Chart 1. Model providing support through ERCC 11 Chart 2. Model of interconnection AOC with ERCC and Neighbor countries OC Overview of organization and model for coordination of operations, and liaison with Kosovo local mechanism in the regional context. 11 Chart 1 is part of EU CP Mechanism and 2 is a part of my self‐presentation for training with different audience, Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020 13 Summary The research on the topic focuses on providing basic insights and insights, touching upon and explaining segments within the local concept of emergency management, addressing the topic only in its early stages, but carefully commenting and linking the material with legal support, concepts applicable to country and practices built through international cooperation. The background presented in the introduction was for the sole purpose of providing a starting point for further elaborating, in particular, the interoperability of local capacity within the country, and in particular the assistance and support mechanism in the region and beyond. This treated segment is considered appropriate for future audiences - researchers , because it is and will remain actual, while situations and disasters necessarily require the implementation of the principle of solidarity and interaction in disaster, which in principle is not often associated with many difficulties and inconsistencies, both ,as for not adhering to local rules also and international principles and achievement , as well as for failing to properly coordinate local assets and procedures. Conclusions from the SENDAI Framework globally guide and require states to pay more attention to disasters. Based on the initial commitments in this review, the author took with close attention and consideration the field regulation, local practices and experience in regional and international cooperation through often reflecting also the beliefs created in the process of local capacity building and development in the country the field of emergency management. The transport and traffic aspect is presented with preliminary data, but it is thought that some gaps have been identified that require sustained research and addressing to be accommodated in the proper sense of the word within the local concept and model of emergency management. The recommendations From the context of the topics dealt with at the initial level, but also from the evidence that states and the international community are facing in increasingly emergency management, raising awareness and activating all societal potential for preparedness and action, is synonymous with the time - the century in which we live and act. Theoretical considerations, which are thought to be that the country - Kosovo has not yet achieved the desired level despite making serious efforts, and sharing achievements with others - the academic world, are imperatives of time and development. Lessons learned through point-of-view on topics like this - emergency management, as well as Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020 14 regional and international cooperation in programs and projects are valuable benefits that responsibility holders should share with research institutes, academia, domestic capabilities and achievements both at the level of state (local and central) institutions, as well as in the private sector, media and other stakeholders. Therefore, and for the end of the discussion on this topic, once I have managed to finish the story, I get the impression again and again that I haven't started yet! Researching and sharing achievements and experiences with others, such as conclusions, points of view on topics or concepts relevant to emergency preparedness and response, I would say maybe even necessity, given the fact that disaster strikes without distinction, does not choose time, year, community, political or religious orientation, rich or poor, and consequently familiarity with the topic of adequate confrontation, is a must at all levels of government, the academic-research world, and the operational capacity of the country, its groups of interest and civil society as well . XI. Annexes, appendices, sketches Scheme 1. Principle of activation of local mechanisms and activation of mutual a nd governmental assistance. Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020 15 Map 17. Road infrastructure network, major regional corridors. Map no. 18. Network of main and regional roads. Part of Risk Evaluation document version 2016 Map no. 19, Daily circulation of private cars, Part of Risk Evaluation document version 2016 Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020 16 Map no. 20, Bus Daily traffic Map no. 21. Kosovo Railway Network. Part of Risk Evaluation document version 2016 Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020 17 Source from: Railway Rehabilitation Study 10 Map no. 22. International airport. Part of Risk Evaluation document version 2016 Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020 18 XII. Acronyms, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. EU ----------------------- European Union, UNMIK----------------- United Nations Mission in Kosovo SC------------------------ Security council N and OD-------------- Natural and Other Disasters RA------------------------ Risk Assessment EMA---------------------- Emergency Management Agency MDPR--------------------Municipal Directorate for Protection and Rescue EOC112----------------- Emergency Operation Center(Regionally , and locally without 112 integrated in , 9. AOC----------------------Agency Operation Center (EMA and coordination mechanism of the state of Kosovo in aim of humanitarian aid and response in EM ) XIII. Dedication The research in the title is dedicated to qualitative development and enhancement, both quantitatively through the establishment and development of responsible and relevant local mechanisms, as well as to the quality and sustainability of theoretical adjustment, through consistent research and presentations, with a view to alignment and achievement the required norms and standards towards integration into the advanced regional and international mechanisms. Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020 19 XIV. Reference sources listed as footnote citations; References of paper;  https://www.blogspot.com/2012/02/www.emergency.com/case-bynga.html? showComment = 1355309701519 Personal  personal blog, treatments and contribution to the definition of the notion as in the title of this paper, 2012 edition, author of research on the relevant paper for the 7th scientific conference KAPS Vushtrri, January 2020),  1.http: //udspace.udel.edu/bitstream/handle/19716/674/PP304.pdf? Sequence = 1  2. https: //ame.rksgov.  net / Portals / 0 / Files / 20i% Assessment% 20Rreziqeve% 20ng% 20Fatkeqesite% 20Natyrore% 20dh  The% 20Fatkeqesite% 20tjera.pdf,  3. Risk profile from FN and FT Risk Assessment document, point 11.1 and point 11.3  Htt 4. https://ame.rks-gov.net/Portals/0/Files/Legal%20nr.%2004-L 230% 20per% 20Agency% C3% AB% 20e% 20Management% 20Emergent.pdf (reference and treatment chapters, traffic aspect and transportation safety, year edition ...., author .....),  4. https: //ame.rksgov.  net / Portals / 0 / Files / Law% 20per% 20protection% 20from% 20 disaster% 20natural% 20and% 20 disaster% 20nother.pdf (Chapter I, Article 4, point 1.14 which refers to the provision of assistance to countries in natural and other disasters, where transport and traffic are relevant and reference factors)  5. (Strategic Documents, Risk Assessment, Traffic Aspect, page 22, 2016 edition), and specifically, Chapter XI page, 71-78.)  7.  8. Risk Assessment Methodology and Risk Mapping) pages of the draft document and commitment to Risk Assessment review, page,… .2020 Edition),  9. http://www.ipadram.eu/risk-assessment/ (Kosovo's benefits and commitments to raise the level of methodology and Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020 20          approximation to internationally accepted norms referring to EU technical guidelines, 10. https: //ame.rksgov. net / Portals / 0 / Files / Publication% 20p% C3% ABr% 20Program% 20IPA% 20DRAM.pdf (summary and publication for the final conference of IPA DRAM Program, Brussels, 19 November 2019, Author Nehat Kocinaj, National Coordinator I program) 11. https: //ame.rks gov.net/Portals/0/Files/SZRrF%20%20shqip_1.pdf (Risk Reduction Strategy, 2015 edition, for the period 2016-2020), page 28. Transport and communication aspects should be built with specific measures) 12. http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/how-doesitwork/financialassistance/ instrument-preaccession_en.htm (publication regarding participation states through IPA CP Program) 2010 edition http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/how-doesit-work/financialassistance/instrument-preaccession_en.htm (publication regarding participation states through IPA CP Program )2010 edition Nehat Koçinaj MSc, January 2020