ATM

Първите опити за използване на банкови карти в България започват още 1992 г., но тяхното широко използване започва едва след появата на националния картов оператор БОРИКА. През последните 4 години картовия пазар у нас бележи бурно развитие – броят на издадените карти нараства с 939%, общия брой на транзакциите – 767%, а тяхната обща сума – 1,007%. Разширяването на съществуващата мрежа от АТМ и ПОС терминали превърна банковата карта от екзотичен платежен инструмент в една безалтернативна необходимост. Статията разглежда еволюцията,  сегашното състояние и очакванията за развитието на картовия пазар у нас

In the present scenario ATM transaction are carried out with the help of ATM cards which have to be physically swiped at the ATM machine. The present cash withdrawal system involves swiping the ATM card at an ATM Machine and then input a four digit pin into the terminal for verification. This method is susceptible to many types of attacks such as shoulder surfing, replay attack and ATM card skimming. In this paper, we are proposing a system in which a QR code is used as an alternative to the physical ATM card based authentication. This system can be incorporated in smartphones and other wearable device thereby eliminating the need for carrying ATM cards. QR codes are generated in the wearable device as well as the ATM machine to carry out User Authorization. An eight-digit long pin is generated to make the system more secure than present one. A background server is used to generate unique 8 digit pins for each transaction. This background server also manages transactions and links them to a user's bank account when a transaction is underway. This scheme protects the user from shoulder surfing or observation attacks, replay attacks and partial observation attacks.

Biometric system is a pattern identification system that recognizes an individual by determining the originality of the physical features and behavioral characteristic of that person. Of all the recently used biometric techniques, fingerprint identification systems have gained the most popularity because of the prolonged existence of fingerprints and its extensive use. Fingerprint is dependable biometric trait as it is an idiosyncratic and dedicated. It is a technology that is increasingly used in various fields like forensics and security purpose. The vital objective of our system is to make ATM transaction more secure and user friendly. This system replaces traditional ATM cards with fingerprint. Therefore, there is no need to carry ATM cards to perform transactions. The money transaction can be made more secure without worrying about the card to be lost. In our system we are using embedded system with biometrics i.e r305 sensor and UART microcontroller. The Fingerprint and the user_id of all users are stored in the database. Fingerprints are used to identify whether the Person is genuine. A Fingerprint scanner is used to acquire the fingerprint of the individual, after which the system requests for the PIN (Personal Identification Number). The user gets three chances to get him authenticated. If the fingerprints do not match further authentication will be needed. After the verification with the data stored in the system database, the user is allowed to make transactions.

Konular:
OSI Kavramı ve Katmanları
Ağların Sınıflandırılması
Fiziksel Katman ve Veri Bağı Katmanlarının Ayrıntıları
Otomasyon Hiyerarşisi ve CIM Yapısı
SIMATIC NET Yapısı (AS-Interface, Profibus, Endüstriyel Ethernet)
CAN (Controller Area Network)
CAN Türleri
Diğer Endüstriyel İletişim Protokolleri
ATM (Asenkron Transfer Mod)

The idea if designing and implementation of the real-time ATM robbery prevention project came with the observation of real-time ATM robbery incidents around us. This project gives the alert at the instant of time when the thief is about to break the ATM machine.so, to overcome the drawbacks in the existing systems in our society. Whenever the thief is bringing the tools for the robbery into the ATM or when the thief is trying to use the tool to break, the CCTV camera on the ATM sense whether the person is bringing tools using the deep learning techniques and machine learning. Here the OpenCV and TensorFlow are used as the platform and the python language is used for the deep learning technics and Keras API were used for object detection. And an alert message is sent to both bank and police station nearby through the e-mail.

Security and Authentication of individuals is necessary for our daily lives especially in ATMs. It has been improved by using biometric verification techniques like face recognition, fingerprints, voice and other traits, comparing these existing traits, there is still need for considerable computer vision. Iris recognition is a particular type of biometric system that can be used to reliably identify a person uniquely by analyzing the patterns found in the iris. Initially Iris images are collected as datasets and maintained in agent memory. Then the Iris and pupil are detected from the image, removing noises. The features of the iris were encoded by convolving the normalized iris region with 2DGabor filter. The Hamming distance was chosen as a matching metric, which gave the measure of how many bits disagreed between the templates of the iris.

This study on the impact of e-banking on commercial banking operations with the Case
study of UBA Bank Cameroon, sought out to examine the relationship between e￾banking services and the profitability of the banking institution and to identify the
difference between those who use e-banking Services and Counter Service. Using T￾test model and a simple correlation model we established that there is no relationship
between e-banking services and the profitability of the banking institution whilst also
establishing the fact that there is significant difference between customers who use e￾banking services and customers who use the counter service. In conducting this research
both primary and secondary data were used. Furthermore, quantitative and descriptive
methods of analysis were adopted to examine the impact of e-banking services on the
profitability of the banking institution. To add, we found out that there is no significant
relationship between the electronic banking services and the level of profitability of the
banking institution because savings are not much influenced by the level of e banking
services available, and the amount of savings does not transform its self into interest
unless a decision is taken by the bank to give out loans. Therefore, we recommended
that, UBA Bank Cameroon should utilize e-banking service to its fullest advantage in
order to improve her operations in terms of delivering retail banking services to her
customers which will likely lead to favorable profitability situation.

E-Banking as the wave of the future, provides enormous benefits to consumers in terms of cost of transactions, either through internet, telephone or other electronic delivery channels. E-Banking is now widely practiced in Bangladesh. There are various types of e-banking services like SMS banking, Tele Banking, Push and Pull services, ATM, Fast Track etc. that have been introduced by the commercial banks in Bangladesh. This study attempts to explore various forms and characteristics of e-banking and finds out the merits and demerits of e-banking in selected commercial banks of our country. The major findings of the study show that all the commercial banks selected for the study have been practicing e-banking successfully and Dutch-Bangla Bank Ltd. is providing electronic banking services more effectively than other commercial banks selected in this study. Besides, there is a positive impact of e-banking on the socio-economic development in Bangladesh. There should be diversification of such activities in rural areas of Bangladesh.

Cellular stress and DNA damage up-regulate and activate p53, fundamental for cell cycle control, senescence, DNA repair and apoptosis. The specific mechanism(s) that determine whether p53-dependent cell cycle arrest or p53-dependent apoptosis prevails in response to specific DNA damage are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated two types of DNA damage, chromium treatment and gamma irradiation (IR) that induced similar levels of p53, but that mediated two distinct p53-dependent cell fates. Chromium exposure induced a robust DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK)-mediated apoptotic response that was accompanied by the rapid loss of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21) protein, whereas IR treatment-induced cell cycle arrests that was supported by the rapid induction of p21. Inhibition of DNA-PK effectively blocked chromium-, but not IR-induced p53 stabilization and activation. In contrast, inhibition of ATM and ATR by caffeine had the inverse effect of blocking IR-, but not chromium-induced p53 stabilization and activation. Chromium exposure ablated p21 transcription but PUMA and Bax transcription was significantly enhanced compared to non-damaged cells. In contrast, IR treatment triggered significant p21 mRNA synthesis in addition to PUMA and Bax mRNA production. While chromium treatment enhanced the binding of p53 and RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) to both the p21 and PUMA promoters, RNA Pol II elongation was only observed along the PUMA gene and not the p21 gene. In contrast, following IR treatment, RNA Pol II elongation was observed on both p21 and PUMA. Chromium-induced apoptosis therefore involves DNA-PK-mediated p53 activation followed by preferential transcription of pro-apoptotic PUMA over anti-apoptotic p21 genes.

Abstract:" Balancing Cooperation and Competition in Retail Payment Systems: Lessons from Latin America Case Studies" presents the findings of four case studies in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico) that have explored the issue of cooperation and ...

AURORA is one of five U.S. networking testbeds charged with exploring applications of, and technologies necessary for, networks operating at gigabit per second or higher bandwidths. The emphasis of the AURORA testbed, distinct from the other four testbeds, BLANCA, CASA, NECTAR and VISTANET, is research into the supporting technologies for gigabit networking.Like the other testbeds, AURORA itself is an experiment in collaboration, where government initiative (in the form of the Corporation for National Research Initiatives, which is funded by DARPA and the National Science Foundation) has spurred interaction among pre-existing centers of excellence in industry, academia, and government.AURORA has been charged with research into networking technologies that will underpin future high-speed networks. This paper provides an overview of the goals and methodologies employed in AURORA, and points to some preliminary results from our first year of research, ranging from analytic results to experimental prototype hardware. This paper enunciates our targets, which include new software architectures, network abstractions, and hardware technologies, as well as applications for our work.

This study focuses on the oversight of payment systems as a tool to develop payment infrastructures in modern market economies. It identifies institutional instruments that oversight agencies may use to mobilize public and private sector resources for such a developmental task. In particular, the study explores key governance issues that need to be considered when designing the oversight framework and when defining the overseer's responsibilities and functions. The study also explores ways to build an oversight framework based on economic incentives to improve the payment system's efficiency/stability tradeoff, and singles out roles for the public and the private sector based on their respective comparative advantages. The study is organized as follows: Section 2 discusses the foundations of the oversight function. Section 3 designs a framework for payment system oversight, defining its objectives, instruments, and targets. Section 4 identifies some major problems and issues...

Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) are programs that transfer cash, generally to poor households, on the condition that those households make pre specified investments in the human capital of their children. The report shows that there is good evidence that CCTs have improved the lives of poor people. Transfers generally have been well targeted to poor households, have raised consumption levels, and have reduced poverty, by a substantial amount in some countries. Offsetting adjustments that could have blunted the impact of transfers, such as reductions in the labor market participation of beneficiaries, have been relatively modest. The report also considers the rationale for conditioning the transfers on the use of specific health and education services by program beneficiaries. Thus CCTs have increased the likelihood that households will take their children for preventive health checkups, but that has not always led to better child nutritional status; school enrollment rates have in...

A number of genes other than BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been associated with breast cancer predisposition, and extended genetic testing panels have been proposed. It is of interest to establish the full spectrum of deleterious mutations in women with familial breast cancer.We performed whole-exome sequencing of 144 women with familial breast cancer and negative for 11 Polish founder mutations in BRCA1, CHEK2 and NBS1, and we evaluated the sequences of 12 known breast cancer susceptibility genes. A truncating mutation in a breast cancer gene was detected in 24 of 144 women (17%) with familial breast cancer. A BRCA2 mutation was detected in 12 cases, a (non-founder) BRCA1 mutation was detected in 5 cases, a PALB2 mutation was detected in 4 cases and an ATM mutation was detected in 2 cases. Polish women with familial breast cancer who are negative for founder mutations in BRCA1, CHEK2 and NBS1 should be fully screened for mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2. The PALB2 founder mutation c.509_...

This paper presents methods for specifying both aspects of Cell Delay Variation (clumping effect and dispersion effect) experienced in ATM networks.
A measurement process, which allows to evaluate the magnitude of the clumping
effect, is described. The value of this parameter can be mapped with the number
of cells which are tagged/discarded as part of peak cell rate control.
The range of cell transfer delay distribution is then proposed for specifying
the dispersion effect. Another measurement process is provided, which allows to
evaluate the observed range of cell transfer delay during a measurement period.

Cooperative and non-cooperative Detect-and-Avoid (DAA) functions are key enablers for Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) to safely and routinely access all classes of airspace. In this paper state-of-the-art cooperative and non-cooperative DAA sensor/system technologies for small-to-medium size RPAS are reviewed and the associated multi-sensor data fusion techniques are discussed. A DAA system architecture is presented based on Boolean Decision Logics (BDL) for selecting non-cooperative and cooperative sensors/systems including both passive and active Forward Looking Sensors (FLS), Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) and Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B). After elaborating the DAA system processes, the key mathematical models associated with both non-cooperative and cooperative DAA functions are presented. The Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) algorithm is adopted to estimate the state vector of the intruders and this is propagated to predict the future trajectories using a probabilistic model. The analytical models adopted to compute the overall uncertainty volume in the airspace surrounding an intruder are outlined. Based on these mathematical models, the Sabatini Unified Method (SUM) for cooperative and non-cooperative DAA is presented. In this unified approach, navigation and tracking errors affecting the measurements are considered and translated to unified range and bearing uncertainty descriptors, which apply both to cooperative and non-cooperative scenarios. Simulation case studies are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed DAA approach on a representative host platform (AEROSONDE RPAS) and various intruder platforms. Results corroborate the validity of the proposed approach and demonstrate the impact of SUM towards providing a cohesive logical framework for the development of an airworthy DAA capability and a pathway for manned/unmanned aircraft coexistence in all classes of airspace.

The mass of the issues facing today's ATMs, cash management optimization can help banks to manage the system dynamically. The main question in this optimization is, forecasting demand for cash from the ATM, at specified time intervals (e.g., daily or weekly or monthly). Since the structure of the signal (the predicted demand for cash) is nonlinear with many factors, including: days, weeks, days, months, holidays, and even the location of the ATM is connected, the common methods of identification is usually not a good answer and should be used soft computing techniques such as fuzzy logic and neural networks. In this study, the trend methods used in this field explores the application of fuzzy logic (type II) in this issue has been dealt with.