Activity

Anaerobic digestion is an appropriate technique for the treatment of sludge before final disposal and it is employed worldwide as the oldest and most important process for sludge stabilization. In general, mesophilic anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge is more widely used compared to thermophilic digestion. Furthermore, thermal pre-treatment is suitable for the improvement of stabilization, enhancement of dewatering of the

As individuals who abuse methamphetamine (MA) often exhibit socially maladaptive behaviors such as violence and aggression, it is possible that they respond abnormally to social cues. To investigate this issue, we exposed 12 MA-dependent participants (abstinent 5-16 days) and 12 healthy comparison participants to fearful and angry faces while they performed an affect matching task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Although the groups did not differ in task performance, the healthy participants showed more task-related activity than the MA-dependent participants in a set of cortical regions consisting of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), temporoparietal junction (TPJ), anterior and posterior temporal cortex, and fusiform gyrus in the right hemisphere, and the cuneus in the left hemisphere. In contrast, the MA-dependent participants showed more task-related activity than the healthy participants in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). As expected, the task elicited activation of the amygdala in both groups; however, contrary to expectation, we found no difference between groups in this activation. Dorsal ACC hyperactivity, along with high self-ratings of hostility and interpersonal sensitivity in the MA-dependent group, suggest a hyper-sensitivity to socially threatening cues in the MA-dependent participants, while lower VLPFC activation could point to a deficit in integrating socio-emotional information and/or regulating this limbic hyperactivity. Additional activation differences in neural circuitry related to social cognition (TPJ, anterior, and posterior temporal cortex) suggest further socio-emotional deficits. Together, the results point to cortical abnormalities that could underlie the socially inappropriate behaviors often shown by individuals who abuse MA.

Physical rehabilitation following spinal cord injury-related paralysis has traditionally focused on teaching compensatory techniques, thus enabling the individual to achieve day-to-day function despite significant neurological deficits. But the concept of an irreparable central nervous system (CNS) is slowly being replaced with evidence related to CNS plasticity, repair, and regeneration, all related to persistently maintaining appropriate levels of neurological activity both below and above the area where the damage occurred. It is now possible to envision functional repair of the nervous system by implementing rehabilitative interventions. Making the transition from "bench to bedside" requires careful analysis of existing basic science evidence, strategic focus of clinical research, and pragmatic implementation of new therapeutic tools. Activity, defined as both function specific motor task and exercise appears to be a necessity for optimization of functional, metabolic,...

Larvicidal activity of ethyl acetate, butanol, and petroleum ether extracts of five species of Euphorbiaceae plants, Jatropha curcas, Pedilanthus tithymaloides, Phyllanthus amarus, Euphorbia hirta, and Euphorbia tirucalli, were tested against the early fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti L. and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). The larval mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. All extracts showed low larvicidal effects; however, the highest larval mortality was found in petroleum ether extract. The LC50 value of petroleum ether extracts of J. curcas, P. tithymaloides, P. amarus, E. hirta, and E. tirucalli were 8.79, 55.26, 90.92, 272.36, and 4.25 ppm, respectively, against A. aegypti and 11.34, 76.61, 113.40, 424.94, and 5.52 ppm, respectively, against C quinquefasciatus. Of the various ratios tested, the petroleum ether extracts of J. curcas and E. tirucalli were observed to be more efficient than the other plant extracts. It is, therefore, suggested that E. tirucalli can be applied as an ideal potential larvicide against A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus. This is an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of the dengue vector, A. aegypti, and the lymphatic filariasis vector, C. quinquefasciatus.

We describe the use of a commercially available telemetry and data acquisition system to record heart rate, body temperature and activity of freely behaving rats with transmitters that operate without batteries (transponders). The system uses PDT 4000HR E-Mitters (Mini Mitter, OR, USA) to acquire animal temperature, heart rate and motor activity data. E-Mitters obtain power from a radiofrequency field produced by an ER-4000 energizer/receiver so that transponders can collect data on heart rate, body temperature and gross motor activity. ER-4000 energizers/receivers are designed to be placed below the animals' cage. Data output from receivers is managed by a Windows PC-based data acquisition system, VitalView. In this study, we report that a good correlation exists between VitalView and Powerlab for the determination of heart rate and between intra-abdominal (telemetric) and colonic body temperature (rectal digital thermometer) in rats. Assessment of this system by using agents t...

El siguiente ensayo tiene como objetivo mostrar las maneras en que la actividad se relaciona con el éxito de la estrategia en una organización. Una relación importante entre la estrategia y la actividad se encuentra en el mapa del sistema de actividades que describe cómo estas interactúan para configurar la ventaja competitiva de la organización. Relacionado con el sistema de actividades y el modelo de negocio, el enfoque de strategy-as-practice intenta concebir en el mundo académico a la estrategia como algo accionable, y propone que la estrategia es más que algo que la organización tiene – es en realidad algo que la organización lleva a cabo con el fin de lograr sus objetivos. De igual forma que los proyectos se componen de procesos y actividades a realizar, las estrategias pueden ser vistas como el producto de una serie de procesos y actividades.

The susceptibility of the adult and larval stage of housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), to two entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sor. and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., was evaluated under laboratory and simulated field bioassays. Bioassays on adult houseflies were carried out at different conidial concentrations ranging from 103 to 109 conidia/ml in petri plate and minichamber assays. Absolute mortality was observed within 4–5 days at all the concentrations tested. M. anisopliae was found to be more effective with LC50 of 6.75 × 107 conidia/ml compared with 1.21 × 108 conidia/ml of B. bassiana in petri plate bioassay. Similar trend was observed in minichamber bioassay. Larvicidal activity evaluated through petri plate bioassay also indicated that M. anisopliae was more effective larvicide with LC50 of 4.1 × 108 conidia/ml as against 3.31 × 109 conidia/ml of B. bassiana. Larvicidal activity was further evaluated in simulated field condition of decaying waste matrix using dry conidial formulations (108 conidia/g) of both the fungi. Larval mortality obtained in this assay was 43% (B. bassiana) and 63% (M. anisopliae). Remarkably better performance of M. anisopliae as an adulticidal and larvicidal agent over B. bassiana in laboratory bioassays as well as simulated field conditions suggests that it may have good potential to become part of an integrated housefly control program.

Background The purpose of this paper is to review relationships of academic performance and some of its determinants to participation in school-based physical activities, including physical education (PE), free school physical activity (PA) and school sports. Methods Linkages between academic achievement and involvement in PE, school PA and sport programmes have been examined, based on a systematic review of currently available literature, including a comprehensive search of MEDLINE (1966 to 2007), PSYCHINFO (1974 to 2007), SCHOLAR.GOOGLE.COM, and ERIC databases. Results Quasi-experimental data indicate that allocating up to an additional hour per day of curricular time to PA programmes does not affect the academic performance of primary school students negatively, even though the time allocated to other subjects usually shows a corresponding reduction. An additional curricular emphasis on PE may result in small absolute gains in grade point average (GPA), and such findings strongly suggest a relative increase in performance per unit of academic teaching time. Further, the overwhelmingly majority of such programmes have demonstrated an improvement in some measures of physical fitness (PF). Cross-sectional observations show a positive association between academic performance and PA, but PF does not seem to show such an association. PA has positive influences on concentration, memory and classroom behaviour. Data from quasi-experimental studies find support in mechanistic experiments on cognitive function, pointing to a positive relationship between PA and intellectual performance. Conclusion Given competent providers, PA can be added to the school curriculum by taking time from other subjects without risk of hindering student academic achievement. On the other hand, adding time to "academic" or "curricular" subjects by taking time from physical education programmes does not enhance grades in these subjects and may be detrimental to health.

Each student is unique. In a classroom of sixty members, one cannot guarantee a common skillset.  In such a scenario, observing different understanding levels, learning, analysing and applying styles is quite obvious. Teaching such a diversified group, effectively, is definitely a challenging job to any teacher. In this context, one should realize that teaching and learning are different. Good teaching might not always ensure good learning. Hence, effective teaching focusses more on helping the students learn better than about a teacher to teach better. This paper throws light on the activity based education which can help the students to learn better.

In this investigation, a total of 5 species under 5 genera belonging to the malvaceae family were mentioned. In this study Taxonomy and traditional
medicine practices on Malvaceae family of Chittagong, Bangladesh was carried out. The plants which were used by local people, were surveyed and
collected . The members of this family have mucilaginous substance. Stellate hairs are usually present on their young parts. Flower Bracteate/
ebracteate, Bracteolateor Ebractiolate, Pedicellate, Dichlamydeou Spentamerous, complete, actinomorphic, regular, bisexual and hypogynous. Out
of the total number of species Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet., Hibiscus esculentus L., Hibiscus mutabilis L., Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., were common and
Gossypium herbaceum L. was rare species in the study area. Detailed survey has made in gathering information regarding use of medicine has been
documented. Usually, the survey in each locality started with the interview of elderly and experienced members, locally known as Hakims. Besides,
this the common people of the surveyed localities who themselves have used these plant based for health treatments were interviewed to prove
veracity of the curative features of plants. Medicinal uses and data about the treatment of various alignments based on the information gathered
by using questionnaires are given subsequently. For each species botanical name, local name, habit, habitat, phenology, status of occurrence, and
medicinal uses have been mentioned.

STUDIES IN EMOTION AND SOCIAL INTERACTION Second Series Series Editors Keith Oatley University of Toronto Antony Manstead University of Amsterdam This series is jointly published by the Cambridge University Press and the Editions de la Maison des Sciences de ...

Nabukelevu volcano (805 m) is a small (ca. 3.4 km3) hornblende/biotite–andesite dome–breccia complex. It is the youngest in a Plio–Pleistocene series of volcanoes related to a presently inactive subduction zone in southern Fiji. We present new evidence of up to four Holocene eruption episodes from this volcano, with onshore evidence of the latest activity post-1686±40 years BP, and offshore evidence

The purpose of the present study was to examine continuity and change in post retirement leisure, and the relationship of such patterns to subjective well-being (SWB), in two national contexts. National data sets from the U.S. (N=430) and Israel (N=383) were used to examine changes in leisure participation and their impact on SWB. Results indicated that in the U.S. there was a general inclination toward continuity, while in Israel there were significant increases in rates and frequency of participation. In Israel some changes in activity were associated with life satisfaction, while in the US no such association was found. These differences are discussed in light of the higher pre retirement participation in leisure activities in the United States and the possibility that adjustment to retirement may be easier in more leisure-oriented societies.