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Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the 1-year outcome after the first course of corticosteroids in an inception cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.Methods: All patients in Olmsted County, Minnesota, diagnosed with Crohn's disease (n = 173) or ulcerative colitis (n = 185) from 1970 to 1993 who were treated with systemic corticosteroids were identified (4 denied research authorization).Immediate outcome (30 days) and 1-year outcome after the first course of corticosteroids were determined.Results: Seventy-four (43%) patients with Crohn's disease and 63 (34%) with ulcerative colitis were treated with corticosteroids.Immediate outcomes for Crohn's disease were complete remission in 43 (58%), partial remission in 19 (26%), and no response in 12 (16%).Immediate outcomes for ulcerative colitis were complete remission in 34 (54%), partial remission in 19 (30%), and no response in 10 (16%).One-year outcomes for Crohn's disease were prolonged response in 24 (32%), corticosteroid dependence in 21 (28%), operation in 28 (38%), and lost to follow-up in 1 (1%).One-year outcomes for ulcerative colitis were prolonged response in 31 (49%), corticosteroid dependence in 14 (22%), and operation in 18 (29%).Conclusions: Most patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis initially respond to corticosteroids.At 1 year, 32% of patients with Crohn's disease and 48% with ulcerative colitis are corticosteroid free without operation.GASTROENTEROLOGY 2001;121:255-260

This research was conducted to find out whether the presence of a cinema place that provides quality services with ticket prices above the average does not affect the desire of millennials to keep watching at that place. This research is a primary research looking for the audience's perception of the presence of high-end cinema. The results that there is an influence between service quality on audience satisfaction and loyalty. Satisfaction and loyalty of the audience affects the audience to watch in this classy place. The recommendations are print media to advertise their products according to the intended segment, the facilities provided are still not suitable, tickets are sold to be more segmented.

A small fleet of classic London Taxis (Black cabs) equipped with hydrogen fuel cell power systems is being prepared for demonstration during the 2012 London Olympics.This paper presents a Life Cycle Analysis for these vehicles in terms of energy consumption and CO2 emissions, focusing on the impacts of alternative vehicle technologies for the Taxi, combining the fuel life cycle (Tank-to-Wheel and Well-to-Tank) and vehicle materials Cradle-to-Grave.An internal combustion engine diesel taxi was used as the reference vehicle for the currently available technology. This is compared to battery and fuel cell vehicle configurations. Accordingly, the following energy pathways are compared: diesel, electricity and hydrogen (derived from natural gas steam reforming).Full Life Cycle Analysis, using the PCO-CENEX drive cycle, (derived from actual London Taxi drive cycles) shows that the fuel cell powered vehicle configurations have lower energy consumption (4.34 MJ/km) and CO2 emissions (235 g/km) than both the ICE Diesel (9.54 MJ/km and 738 g/km) and the battery electric vehicle (5.81 MJ/km and 269 g/km).► A Life Cycle Analysis of alternative vehicle technologies for the London Taxi was performed. ► The hydrogen powered vehicles have the lowest energy consumption and CO2 emissions results. ► A hydrogen powered solution can be a sustainable alternative in a full life cycle framework.

Plant acclimation to stress is associated with profound changes in proteome composition. Since proteins are directly involved in plant stress response, proteomics studies can significantly contribute to unravel the possible relationships between protein abundance and plant stress acclimation. In this review, proteomics studies dealing with plant response to a broad range of abiotic stress factors — cold, heat, drought, waterlogging, salinity, ozone treatment, hypoxia and anoxia, herbicide treatments, inadequate or excessive light conditions, disbalances in mineral nutrition, enhanced concentrations of heavy metals, radioactivity and mechanical wounding are discussed. Most studies have been carried out on model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and rice due to large protein sequence databases available; however, the variety of plant species used for proteomics analyses is rapidly increasing. Protein response pathways shared by different plant species under various stress conditions (glycolytic pathway, enzymes of ascorbate–glutathione cycle, accumulation of LEA proteins) as well as pathways unique to a given stress are discussed. Results from proteomics studies are interpreted with respect to physiological factors determining plant stress response. In conclusion, examples of application of proteomics studies in search for protein markers underlying phenotypic variation in physiological parameters associated with plant stress tolerance are given.

Atherothrombosis is a complex disease in which cholesterol deposition, inflammation, and thrombus formation play a major role. Rupture of high-risk, vulnerable plaques is responsible for coronary thrombosis, the main cause of unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. In addition to rupture, plaque erosion may also lead to occlusive thrombosis and acute coronary events. Atherothrombosis can be evaluated according to histologic criteria, most commonly categorized by the American Heart Association (AHA) classification. However, this classification does not include the thin cap fibroatheroma, the most common form of high-risk, vulnerable plaque. Furthermore, the AHA classification does not include plaque erosion. As a result, new classifications have emerged and are reviewed in this article. The disease is asymptomatic during a long period and dramatically changes its course when complicated by thrombosis. This is summarized in five phases, from early lesions to plaque rupture, followed by plaque healing and fibrocalcification. For the early phases, the role of endothelial dysfunction, cholesterol transport, high-density lipoprotein, and proteoglycans are discussed. Furthermore, the innate and adaptive immune response to autoantigens, the Toll-like receptors, and the mechanisms of calcification are carefully analyzed. For the advanced phases, the role of eccentric remodeling, vasa vasorum neovascularization, and mechanisms of plaque rupture are systematically evaluated. In the final thrombosis section, focal and circulating tissue factor associated with apoptotic macrophages and circulatory monocytes is examined, closing the link between inflammation, plaque rupture, and blood thrombogenicity.

This study focuses on the fabrication of poly(vinyl alcohol)/ poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-Iodine nanofibers via electrospinning. Electrospun fibers were characterized by FT-IR, DSC and SEM techniques. DSC results indicated that the thermal stability of nanofibers were improved after the addition of chitosan and poloxamer 188. SEM images showed that the spongiform structure is much more compact and fibrous in the case of added chitosan, with an average fiber diameter of 374nm, whereas the addition of poloxamer 188 resulted in a more porous and beaded composition, with average fiber diameter of 489nm.