Clan

April 2011 elections in Kazakhstan have reinstated the long-running strongman Nursultan Nazarbayev in power. Nazarbayev enjoys genuine
popularity in the country with a resource-rich economy, political and social stability and interethnic peace. However, due to weak political institutions and intra-elite struggle Kazakhstan might undergo a potentially
destabilizing succession period if the 70-year old President becomes unable to rule the country. To address the reasonable concerns of international investors and the local polity, Nazarbayev will have to solve the succession issue in the nearest future. So far he has not made any visible moves to appoint a successor and address succession concerns and has not even made clear if he would run again in the next elections.

In this paper is the description of the features of socioeconomic system newly emerged in Russia as a result of transition to market economy. The main actors of this system are so called 'clans' containing of the business people affiliated with state officials and sometimes criminal groups. There is the analysis of clan's structure and principal defects of this system.

ÖZET Cerid ve Tecirli aşiretleri, Dulkadir Türkmenlerini oluşturan boylardan ikisi olup, Maraş-Antakya taraflarında dolaşmaktadırlar. XVI. yüzyıl sonlarında Çukurova'da kışlamaya başlayan Cerid ve Tecirliler, gerek kışlaklarında gerekse yaylaya gidiş dönüşlerinde çevreye büyük zarar vermeye başlarlar. Bu nedenle Osmanlı idarecileri, XVII ve XVIII. yüzyılda bu iki aşireti iskân etmek için gayret gösterirler, fakat başarılı olamazlar. XIX. yüzyıl ortalarında Cerid ve Tecirli aşiretlerinin sebep olduğu problemler ve devletin iskân teşebbüsleri devam eder. Bilhassa 1855-1865 yılları arasında Osmaniye'de iskânları için bir hayli gayret gösterilir. Kısmî başarı elde edilse de, özellikle Tecirli aşiretinin zararları önlenemez. Nihayet 1865 yılında Fırka-i Islahiye adı verilen ve İstanbul'da hazırlanan bir ordu Çukurova'ya gönderilir. Fırka-i Islahiye bölgedeki göçebe aşiretleri iskân ederek devlet otoritesini yeniden sağlamıştır. Bu iskân faaliyetleri sırasında Cerid ve Tecirli aşiretleri " kadim kışlakları " olan Osmaniye ve çevresine yerleşmek zorunda kalırlar. Yaylaya çıkmaları yasaklanarak, köyler inşa ettirilir ve çiftçilik yapmaya mecbur bırakılırlar. Günümüzde Osmaniye-Ceyhan-Kadirli-Düziçi bölgesinde yaşayan nüfusun büyük kısmı Cerid ve Tecirli Türkmenlerine mensuptur. Çalışmamızda bu iskân süreci üzerinde durulacaktır. ABSTRACT Cerid and Tecirli clans two clans of many that composed Dulkadir Turkmens were nomadic clans living in the surrounding of Maraş and Antakya. Cerid ve Tecirli clans who began to pass the winter in Çukurova at the end of XVI century started giving huge damages to their winter camping grounds (kışlak) and to the environment en route to their migration. For this reason the Ottoman administrators tried to settle these two tribes but could not do so during the XVII and XVIII centuries. In the mids of XIX century the Ottoman settlement policies had continued along with the problems caused by Cerid and Tecirli clans. Great efforts had been spend to settle them in Osmaniye especially between 1855 and 1865. In spite of partial success the harms of Tecirli clan could not be prevented. At the end an army called Fırka-i Islahiye was prepared in Istanbul and sent to Çukurova in 1865. Fırka-i Islahiye settled the nomadic tribes and brought back the State authority in the region. During these settlement activities Cerid and Tecirli clans had been forced to settle in Osmaniye which was their long lasted winter accommodation (kışlak). They had been banned to go to their summer camping grounds (yayla) and made to build villages and forced to farming. Today most of the populations live in Osmaniye-Ceyhan-Kadirli-Düziçi region belong to Cerid and Tecirli clans. In our work points out the settlement process.

... the article shows that the recent warfare in the Kismayo region is imbued with elements of clanism, class conflict and rural/urban tension ... AFRICAN STUDIES REVIEW ... at the time, but for all practical purposes many parts of the Lower Jubba never again came under state control.7 ...

Technologies used for the study of speech are classified here into non-intrusive and intrusive. The paper informs on current non-intrusive technologies that are used for linguistic investigations of the speech signal, both phonological and phonetic. Providing a point of reference, the review covers existing technological advances in language research methodology for normal and disordered speech, cutting across boundaries of sub-fields: child vs. adult; first, second, or bilingual; standard or dialectal. The indispensability of such technologies for investigating linguistic aspects of speech is evident in an application that uses CLAN to manage and perform phonological and computational analysis of a bilingual child’s dense speech data, longitudinally over 17 months of phonological development in Greek/English. Backed by acoustic analysis using Praat, developmental results on the child’s labio-velar approximant in English are also given.

The Jats see themselves as an egalitarian people. The caste consists of exogamous clans settled in separate villages forming a clan territory. Whereas a marriage creates a ranked relation between two families or local descent groups, it is supposed to have no effect on the status of the clans which are equal in rank. A conflict ensues if a clan considers its status lowered as a result of a marriage. In the case analysed traditional councils or panchayats were unable to harmonize the principles of hierarchy and equality. Yet, the same panchayats have succeeded in mobilizing farmers demanding economic benefits from the state, revising the agenda of the panchayats in the process (India, Jats, caste, clan, hierarchy, equality, political mobilization) Stig Toft Madsen, Mag. Scient. (1980), M. A. (1976), studied Anthropology in Copenhagen and Sociology in Meerut, India; fieldwork in Uttar Pradesh in 1981-82; Socio-Economist on a fisheries project in South India in 1987-89 and a consultant

This paper situates the challenges of ethical leadership within the province of metaphysics. I argue that the challenges of ethical leadership in Africa are fundamentally metaphysical. There are at least three sources of metaphysical conflicts in Africa – the clan, the cults, and religion. Trapped between the values of the clan and the ideals of the modern state, African leaders have always had to grapple with competing definitions of reality, competing notions of sovereignty, confusing concepts of personal identity and the Supreme Being, confusion between public and private space, and so forth. These metaphysical conflicts cause what I refer to as schizophrenia in lead-ership leading to a compromise in healthy ethical behavior. The way out of this unhealthy ethical climate is a conscious effort by leaders to recreate the state and inculcate a new metaphysical worldview that transcends the cultic metaphysics of the clan. To achieve this, I suggest a holistic and global focus in lead...

Presentation et commentaire de l'ouvrage de M.H. Brons, 2001, Society, Sovereignty and the State. Somalia: From Statelessness to Statelessness?. Selon l'A. cette etude est profondement insatisfaisante et presente des lacunes importantes, tant du point de vue conceptuel que factuel. Au lieu d'analyser les processus et structures historiques dans leurs contextes reels, Brons projette dans le passe eloigne et recent de la Somalie les termes et concepts de la guerre civile contemporaine, c'est-a-dire, les termes pseudohistoriques avec lesquels les chefs de guerre ont incite leurs adeptes a la guerre civile.

Purpose: The main purpose of our research is to create interesting theoretical and practical insights rather than developing empirical generalisations about the experiences of employees from Prestige Consulting and BigTech regarding the merger and subsequent integration of the two organisations. Methodology (Empirical Foundation): The research is based on an empirically driven case study within the Management Consulting industry in the United Kingdom. The research was conducted from an interpretative perspective, using qualitative research methods. Theoretical Perspective: We examine existing literature on the multiplicity of identities, the relationship between organisational and individual identities as well as the perceptions of authentic/inauthentic selves. In light of our findings, we suggest the extension of existing theory to encompass our empirical context. Research Question: Why do some BigTech employees cling to their Prestige identities after nine years of ‘integration’ w...