Clarity

People have switched professions to become small business entrepreneurs during the COVID-19 pandemic. There are so many UMKMs born in 2020 – 2021 with little experience in how to do business. Moreover, there is a shortage of manpower, where young UMKMs are only run by one person due to the continuity with the pandemic, so owners do not have the time or energy to help answer customer’s questions. One way to solve this problem is to use a Chatbot. Usually, a chatbot is used as a tool for humans to communicate by providing digital-based information, such as answering questions about the types of goods sold in a store. Chatbots are used because of their ability to interact with many individuals at once quickly and accurately. So that this research designs and develops a text classification system on chatbots using the Support Vector Machine. The purpose of developing this system is to simplify and speed up the proses of product information exchanges to customers. With an average respons...

This paper analyzes two Auditoria at the Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt. Based on the clarity of speech for educational facilities. This research was carried out on adapting the field survey to determine the architectural and acoustic measurements, followed by a digital simulation using CATT for both rooms. Sustainable treatments were provided to improve the sound environment of the learning process and were again tested using CATT. Analysis and simulation indicate that both rooms suffer from poor acoustics due to the surrounding area and the finishing materials selection. One possible solution to this problem is to use a new sustainable absorbent to maximize uptake, reducing excessive reverberation time to acceptable values, increasing early reflections and eliminating shadow areas that improve speech clarity for all receivers.

Emotional clarity and attention to emotions represent the extent to which people understand and attend to their own emotions, respectively, and are broad facets of emotional awareness, alexithymia, and emotional intelligence. To examine the extent to which these two constructs are associated, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies including well-validated self-report measures of trait clarity and attention to emotion. Clarity and attention were moderately, positively associated. Assessment instrument, but not sample gender or age, moderated the association between clarity and attention. Analyses of between-study heterogeneity and publication bias suggested that results were valid and generalizable. We discuss potential causes of the association between clarity and attention, and elaborate on the implications of our results for emotion regulation, well-being, and psychopathology.

Relationships are known for holding potential for conflicts. This is based on the fact that two people with different background, education, experiences and opinions get in contact. It is unlikely that two people think the same way in every aspect or have the same opinion about everything. However, oftentimes conflicts arise because both partners are not familiar with the distinction between neediness and necessity. How many people try to get their needs met in their relationship? It seems as if there was never enough love, acknowledgement, time for each other or whatsoever in these kinds of relationship. Neediness creates a certain dependence which in turn results into ordinary relationship. Are you interested in creating a different kind of relationship with your partner?

Clear and distinct perception is the centrepiece of Descartes’s philosophy — it is the source of all certainty — but what does he mean by ‘clear’ and ‘distinct’? According to the prevailing approach, what it means for a perception to be clear is that its content has a certain objective property, like truth. I argue instead that clarity is at least partly a subjective, phenomenal quality whereby a content is presented as true to the perceiving subject. Clarity comes in degrees. Any weak degree of clarity, available to the senses, can be merely subjective, since what it presents as true may not actually be true. But complete clarity, available to intellectual perception, has an objective dimension, since what it presents as true is always some truth, some bit of reality. Further, I argue that the other perceptual qualities that Descartes identifies — obscurity, confusion, and distinctness — are all defined in terms of clarity. Of particular note is the fact that distinctness is not a positive feature to be added to clarity: a distinct perception is just a completely clear perception.

Content is of primary importance in the World Wide Web. In particular, subjective perceptions of content are known to influence a variety of user evaluations thereby altering attitudes and behavioral outcomes. Thus, it is essential that individually experienced facets of content can be adequately assessed. In a series of seven studies we create, validate, and benchmark a measure for users' subjective view on web content. In the first six studies, a total of 3,106 participants evaluated a sum of 60 websites. The resulting Web-CLIC questionnaire is a 12-item measure based on prior research on web content. It encloses four main facets of users' content experience: clarity, likeability, informativeness, and credibility-jointly representing a general factor subjective content perception. Very high internal consistencies and high short-to medium-term retest reliabilities are demonstrated. Strong evidence for construct validity in terms of factorial, convergent, divergent, discriminative, concurrent, experimental, and predictive validity is found. In a seventh study, encompassing 7,379 ratings on 120 websites, benchmarks for ten different content domains and optimal cut points are provided. Overall, the present research suggests, that the Web-CLIC is a sound measure of subjective content perception of both practical and theoretical benefit.

Chapter in Swedish from edited book/report:

Rahm, Henrik & Ohlsson, Claes (2009). Klarspråksarbete, myndigheter och mottagare. Exempel från äldreomsorgen och Malmö stad. Nyström Höög, Catharina (ed.) Medborgare och myndigheter. TEFA 47. Institutionen för nordiska språk, Uppsala universitet. 25–42.

Cooperatives, which is collective effort of all the farmers serves as the most efficient manner of working to secure sustenance and also for development. It minimizes the throat cutting competition and creates a favorable atmosphere. However, in India and particularly in Punjab, the cooperative movement has been marred by bureaucratic interferences and lethargy. Instead giving impetus to rural economics, cooperative department in Punjab has been creating hurdles. In this paper I discussed the importance of cooperatives, highlighting lapses on the part of Cooperative Department of Punjab and also has given certain suggestions. This paper was presented to the department of Cooperatives, Punjab for consideration.

This study focused on a study of Indonesian translation of similes and metaphors in Julius Caesar. It was a qualitative study. The data were collected from Julius Caesar written by William Shakespeare and its Indonesian version  translated by Dewan Kesenian Jakarta. The collected data were analyzed based on Keraf’s and Larson’s frameworks on the classification of similes and metaphors.
The main objectives of this study is to answer the following research problems: (1) to find out the types of similes and metaphors, (2) to find out the translation methods, and (3) to find out how the simile and metaphor Indonesian translation meets the principles of accuracy, naturalness and clarity. The result shows that first, the use of closed simile (24 item) was more dominant than open simile (18 items). Of metaphors, live metaphors definitely became the foremost figure found in the Julius Caesar  (110 items), while dead metaphors only appeared in 36 items. Second, the most dominant procedure in simile translation were  literal with 13 items (6.91 %) of open simile and 14 items (7.45 %) of closed simile. In the metaphors, modified literal translation were found with 21 items (11.17 %) of dead metaphor, and 51 items (27.13 %)  of live metaphors. The fact showed that the metaphors were not easy to translate because their meaning are implicitly stated, and hard to identify. Therefore, the translator should pay more attention to the metaphors in order to catch the source language meaning, master the translation methods, and consider the contents of the text in a whole unit of sentence in order to avoid mistranslation. It is also found that accuracy, naturalness and clarity were connected one another in the translation process.

Key Words: simile, metaphors, accuracy, naturalness, and clarity.

Para empezar, mi tesis se distanciará de una tendencia, muy común hoy en día, con jerga profesional llena de palabras rebuscadas, casi ridículas e incomprensibles, que no permiten la lectura de personas inexpertas del tema. Miremos esta tira cómica: Justo y franco pasan frente a una guardería infantil en cuya puerta hay un cartel que dice: “Lección de hoy: habilidad de comunicación no verbal con énfasis en la capacidad de poner fin en forma simbólica y formal a una relación personal en progreso por medio de normas semánticas gestuales”. Justo le explica al otro: “Quiere decir que les están enseñando a los niños a decir adiós con la mano”.

At this convention I presented a paper titled “Walking at the same pace. On the Relevance and Models of Clarity in Epictetus’ Teaching”. The object of my speech was an analysis of some chapters from Epictetus’ Discourses aimed at showing the relevance of the notion of clarity (ἐνάργεια) in his theory of didactic communication. I discussed both his methodological reflection on this subject and his implementation of this method. Before doing so, I presented the main ancient conceptions of ἐνάργεια and summarized the existing critical literature on the theme of my speech. Lastly, I ran through the models of Epictetus’ theory of communicative clarity.

Previous studies proposed a smart lighting system that can detect object colors and emit spectrally optimized lighting to reduce the light absorbed by surfaces. The spatial resolution of an absorption-minimization light projection system is investigated using images of various visual complexity. Participants with normal color vision and good visual acuity judged the visual clarity of low, medium, and high complexity images by using a mean opinion score (MOS) scale. Results from the visual assessments show that blur acceptability of illuminated images significantly reduces when the circle of confusion (CoC) is increased by 3%. Blur perception also changes with visual complexity.

Our society is living in a tight corset. It is the corset of judgment. We judge continuously, be it consciously or unconsciously. We are in fact trained to judge. It starts in school and continues at work. We learn to judge, because we have grown up in a judgment system and consider it to be normal. But have you ever asked yourself, how it would be to not judge anymore, nothing and nobody?

The one or the other might pause here and say „Wait, this is not possible. There are things, which are right and others that are wrong”. Well, this is exactly the interesting point. Who actually defines the judgment system against which we measure ourselves and others? Have you ever questioned this judgment system or did you – as most of the people – simply adopt it saying “well that’s how it is.”?

I offer a fourfold taxonomy of species of clarity (§2), before focusing (§3) on two notions that are pertinent to understanding the forms of the notions of clarity in science, poetry and, in particular, philosophy. I argue that the notion of clarity that I call ‘scientific clarity,’ which is marked by its reliance on technical terms, though often an appropriate norm of clarity, is not the only way in which something can be clear. In particular, poetry, on R. G. Collingwood’s account, entirely eschews technical terms, but can nonetheless be crystal clear. It achieves this clarity by sensitivity to the richness of language: rhythm, ambiguity, etc. In §4, I argue that some philosophy uses language in this same way to reach its philosophical ends. Accordingly, we should allow that this is a legitimate philosophical method, and not judge such philosophy by the inappropriate standards of scientific clarity.

How do you make decisions in life? Do you rely on your mind or do you use a different source of wisdom? Most of the people might answer that they make the majority of decisions logically and reasonable with their mind. That’s what we have learned over years, starting in school and continuing during studies or at work. We are trained to collect knowledge.

We have learned to use our mind. Even more than that, we think we are our mind. “I think, so I am” is the well spread motto. This is not at all reprehensible, because we learned often enough what the consequences can be when we don’t know something, e.g. bad grades at school or somebody else got the desired job. As soon as you say “I don’t know”, people look at you irritated, because – please – in our highly engineered times where you can use Smart-Phones, internet and GPS to access data permanently it is almost an iniquity to not know. The fear of being shown up sits deep in us and has been fed since early childhood for most of us.

It has become a weird phenomenon of modern society to think that we are our mind. But what if this was an illusion? What if the mind was just comparable to a machine out of control producing endless knowledge and thought loops and that has overcome us and now disconnects us from our true source of wisdom? What is this source in fact? And how can you connect to it again?

Have you ever asked yourself the question why some people seem to be able to decide quickly and clearly while others can’t? Or why some people seem to talk for quite a while before they say what they want, while others get right to the point? Or why some people jump around actively while others move slowly? We tend to assume that another person acts the same way as we do. In fact, certain actions are just logical for us, so it should be as logical for someone else, right? Maybe it is for you „completely normal” to e. g. work off tasks rapidly and to have a clean desk and you do not understand how your colleague can even only rudimentary find his way through his paper chaos.

There are many parameters when it comes to how a person “ticks”. Yet an essential factor is the way the brain of a person is composed. Significant characteristics of the personality of somebody depend on their individual brain structure and it is helpful to know about the different brain types. Because then you can talk to a person in the language fitting their brain type and establish a completely different contact and relationship.

Introduction. Entering the VUCA era, which stands for Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity, is a business situation that leads to uncertainty and is volatile, causing anxiety among business leaders. Creating a business opportunity in the VUCA era requires a strategy owned by many individuals and companies. Being able to run a business in the short term in the VUCA era is not enough, every company certainly wants the business processes they run to be sustainable. So far, the pattern of business thinking is still dominated by short-term thinking. Companies need to innovate to ensure the sustainability of their business processes. Objective. To review the VUCA era and what strategies companies should do to face the VUCA era. Method. The method used is literature research using Elsevier, Science Direct, or other databases to identify the essential attribute of materials. There are 29 pieces of literature found in the database related to the topic. Result and Conclusion. To...

Branding is among the activities that seek new ways to balance competition in the business environment to sustain organizational competitive advantage. Hence, this study aims to identify how the concept has been considered in the literature and its evolution in the marketing literature. To achieve the objectives of the systematic study review was conducted from 2010 to 2021 years and identified 98 articles. The collected data were documented in Microsoft Word and retained in Mendeley referencing software. The study revealed that brand and product management lacks conceptual clarity, which influences their measurement and subsequently their management. The review also demonstrates as economic, identity, consumer-based, personality, relational, community, cultural, and sensory approaches, respectively, are the respective evolutions of the concepts.

Have you ever asked yourself the question why some people are natural people of respect while others, who are really nice, don’t get any respect at all from their fellow human beings? Maybe it happened to you that somebody treated you disrespectful although you were really nice? Or you set a boundary in the past in a really nice way and cannot understand why the other person keeps ignoring this boundary over and over again?

The thing is this: Being nice and respect exclude each other.

Gödelian Complementarities with Cross-cutting Asymmetries with respect to Inside Theories on an Axiomatic Platform and Outside Semiotic Theories that Reach beyond Formal Systems

-- Abstract:  Explorations of the relations between Inside Theories and Outside Theories of Sven Nilsen in relation to Sexuation of Lacan, the Antimonies of Kant and the deconstructive equations of Derrida as taken up by Zizek.

-- Key Words:  Inside Theory, Outside Theory, Subjective Theory, Noumenal Theory, Formal Systems, Meta-systems.

Have you ever experienced the state of not-knowing? How is this for you? Is it easy for you to stand in nothingness, in not-knowing or are you rather a person looking immediately for a solution or a known concept that you hopefully can apply? In modern western society we have been taught that we have to know everything. We have to find a solution for whichever problem, have answers on the spot and deliver brilliant expertise at work. We have been trained in constantly doing something, mainly use our mind and even let it control our lives. We are very much used to gaining more and more knowledge. It starts in school, continues with apprenticeships and at university, does not even stop at work and the media such as TV, radio and internet propagandize it on top. Knowledge, knowledge, knowledge. “Knowledge is power” is a famous saying. But what if we needed exactly the state of not-knowing to create incredible new things in life? And how could you stay relaxed in the not-knowing, make use of it and navigate in this state of being?

Russell and Burch's The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique was first published in 1959. A Special Edition containing the original text was reissued in 1992, after its ideas had gained widespread interest in the scientific community. In the Principles, Russell and Burch proposed a new applied science that would improve the treatment of laboratory animals while advancing the quality of science in studies that use animals. They introduced and defined the terms replacement, reduction, and refinement, which subsequently have become known as 'alternatives' or 'alternative methods' for minimizing the potential for animal pain and distress in biomedical research. Here we describe and explain the original definitions of the 3Rs in the Principles, examine how current definitions differ among themselves and from Russell and Burch's definitions, and suggest relevant considerations for evaluating all definitions of the 3Rs.