Codevelopment

Este artículo se propone analizar las relaciones entre estos tres conceptos -migraciones, cooperación y codesarrollo- desde una triple perspectiva. En primer lugar, señalamos el estado de la cuestión en el ámbito político y asociativo español. En segundo lugar, planteamos un enfoque complejo de las migraciones y la cooperación. finalmente, en tercer lugar, lanzamos unas reflexiones críticas de los enfoques tradicionales, acompañadas de líneas propositivas a favor del codesarrollo en su perspectiva comunitaria.

The second edition of the Youth Network
for Development project has given fresh
impetus to the initiatives of the youth
to promote the social and economic
development of their communities. Young
people from El Alto, Oruro, Cañar, Quito,
Brussels, Utrecht and Murcia have devoted their energies to deal with the problems of
their communities and made their small contribution to their welfare. They have also
discussed and exchanged ideas with young people from other cities, countries and
continents, youth coming from different cultural, social and economic backgrounds.
They have shared experiences in a context of diversity. They have been able to combine
local with global concerns, understood that the problems and aspirations of the youth
are not very different from one another, and that it is possible to advance if they join
forces.

Est-ce que la qualité des apprentissages effectués par les personnes sous votre responsabilité est une préoccupation pour vous? Est-ce que vous cherchez des leviers pour comprendre la nature des apprentissages que vous observez dans le groupe de codéveloppement professionnel (GCP) ? Si oui, cet article vous concerne puisqu'il propose un survol de certaines théories de l'apprentissage pouvant guider vos choix ou expliquer vos observations au regard de la formation de personnes adultes par le biais du GCP. L'apprentissage… une théorie? At on des preuves? L'apprentissage est un phénomène invisible. Ce que l'imagerie cérébrale capte permet de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement du cerveau. La neuropédagogie, qui utilise cette imagerie, se sert de l'observation du fonctionnement du cerveau pour affiner les explications que nous avons obtenues sur une base théorique à ce jour. L'apport de la neuropédagogie concerne principalement les fonctions exécutives du cerveau 2 ainsi que la confirmation et l'infirmation de certaines hypothèses théoriques 3. Toutefois, elles sont très loin de répondre à toutes nos questions dont les pistes de réponse reposent encore à ce jour sur des théories de l'apprentissage. Plusieurs théories de l'apprentissage? En tant qu'enseignante, formatrice et conseillère pédagogique à l'École Polytechnique de Montréal, j'utilise les théories de l'apprentissage quotidiennement pour prendre des décisions et aider d'autres personnes à analyser ce qui leur arrive en classe ou en formation. À travers le temps, je dois avouer que celles que je vous présente me sont toutes utiles, puisqu'elles s'avèrent plus complémentaires que 1 Judith Cantin, Me Ed., est conseillère pédagogique à la Polytechnique de Montréal ([email protected]) 2 L'habileté à planifier, mobiliser son attention, gérer son impulsivité, organiser les informations, par exemple. 3 Dont celle du cerveau droit, créatif et du cerveau gauche, plus rationnel.

(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5454-9363). Dra. M. Amor Pérez Rodríguez es profesora titular e investigadora de la Universidad de Huelva (España) ([email protected] https:// orcid.org/0000-0001-8312-5412). Resumen En la sociedad contemporánea las migraciones se han intensificado debido al proceso de globalización por el cual las economías se vuelven interdependientes y se tejen redes de trabajo transnacionales, que facilitan la inserción laboral de personas cualificadas, aunado a la popularización de las TIC, las cuales se han vuelto omnipresentes, refuerzan procesos de hibridación cultural y permiten «acercar distancias». Sin embargo, la presencia del extranjero se sigue encuadrando como una amenaza en los discursos de políticos influyentes y en los medios masivos de comunicación, quienes desconocen los efectos positivos que las migraciones pueden aportar, desde el punto de vista económico, cultural, educativo y en la promoción del desarrollo humano. En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión crítica de la literatura sobre la correlación entre migraciones internacionales y desarrollo humano, la cual se puede enfocar desde dos puntos de vista: el codesarrollo, que involucra a los migrantes como promotores del desarrollo, o desde la teoría de la dependencia, que afirma que las migraciones refuerzan el círculo vicioso de la pobreza de sus territorios de origen. Se destaca que los países receptores tienen políticas para seleccionar migrantes con estudios superiores y con recursos financieros, mientras que son reacios a recibir migrantes laborales poco cualificados, atraídos por mejores salarios, así como también se obstruye la entrada a personas que solicitan refugio, ante la necesidad de protección de sus Derechos Humanos. Abstract Migrations have intensified in contemporary society, due to the process of globalization, which deepens the interdependence of economies and strengthens transnational networks, which facilitate the labor insertion of qualified people. The popularization of ICT also reinforces the processes of cultural hybridization and shortens distances. However, the speeches of influential politicians and the mass media frame the presence of foreigners as a threat, while these speeches hide the positive effects of migrations, both to the host country and to the birth country. The purpose of this document is to review the relationship between international migration and human development, from two points of view: co-development, which involves migrants as promoters of development, and dependency theory, which affirms that migrations reinforce poverty in their territories of origin. In some host countries, there are policies to select migrants with higher education and financial resources, while is closed the entry of low-skilled migrants, attracted by higher wages, as well as the entry of people seeking asylum.

The main purpose of this work is to analyze the link between migration flows and remittances with economic development in the Dominican Republic (DR) and as specific objectives to investigate the issue of the evolution of migratory flows of Dominicans towards Spain, the importance of Remittances for the country's economy and for host families and the evolution of economic growth in the decade 2006-2016. The study also wants to verify if these money transfers provide beneficial effects for the country of reception and origin of the migrants through co-development projects.

This article aims to analyse some possible contributions from organisations funded by immigrants from the African continent to the socio-cultural integration in three Regions in Spain. In order to do so, first there is a definition of integrations as a process, paying special attention to the role that national and international literature
have given to the associations of immigrants. Afterwards, there is a focus on associations from people with an African origin, paying attention to the double view point, from one side the one from representatives from African associations and on the other, from administration technicians and representatives of social entities that
collaborate with them. The point is to analyse the speech of those actors, about the reasons of its existence, the objectives and activities of the associations of Africans, for the associates themselves as well as for those immigrants from their countries and for the society that welcomes them. The elements in favour and against in the studied perspectives build an action field shared by both actors, in the process of construction of social cohesion and living partnership, but, at the same time, they suggest the existence of some limitations in itself.