English language

An extensive programme of experiments was conducted in the former USSR on transfer of radionuclides to a wide range of different agricultural animals. Only a few of these studies were made available in the English language literature or taken into account in international reviews of gastrointestinal uptake. The paper gives extended information on Russian research on radionuclide absorption in the gut of farm animals performed in controlled field and laboratory experiments from the 1960s to the current time. The data presented in the paper, together with English language values, will be used to provide recommended values of absorption specifically for farm animals within the revision of the IAEA Handbook of Parameter Values IAEA [International Atomic Energy Agency, 1994. Handbook of Parameter Values for the Prediction of Radionuclide Transfer in Temperate Environments, IAEA technical reports series No. 364. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna].

The social impact of cultures on communities has gained due attention In the literature. There are factors that get influenced among cultures and societies such as dress, language, cuisine and architecture. The development of the modern world is characterized and shaped through globalization. When it comes to globalizing cultures, diaspora plays a critical role in influencing and factors such as dress, language, cuisine and architecture among different cultures and societies. This study aims to investigate the influence of Indonesian culture on communities in Yemen particularly the Hadhrami community in the South of Yemen. Due to the diaspora of Hadhrami that began in the old era of hadhramout to many countries in the world including Indonesia, there are social and cultural influences observed among communities in hadhramout. Based on primary data through semi-structured interviews with individuals, and secondary data from the literature, this study aims at shedding the light on the influences of the Indonesian culture observed among the Hadhrami communities. The outcome of this research highlights the social and cultural effects on the local communities by the Indonesian culture.

The topic of the article is the borrowing of French idioms into the English language. The article primarily deals with the influence of the French language from the phraseological point of view. One way of forming idioms in the English language is borrow original phrases from another language. The borrowings of the second type, i.e. translated borrowings from another languages are not included in the analysis. Specific idioms are chosen from the idiomatic dictionary Cambridge International Dictionary of Idioms. Collins Concise Dictionary was consulted to check the origin of the idioms or words; it also contains the period of tranfer of an idiom into the English language. The French idiomatic borrowings are analysed from the point of the lexico-grammatical structure of the idioms, i.e. formal criteria, the classification of the idioms according to phrasal and sentence idioms. Each idiom is analysed individually. The target is to reveal the degree of  influence of the French language on the English language within the field of French idiomatic borrowings based on the historical development  of the English language. Subject to analysis is an orthographic and morphological level. Idioms are classified into groups on the basis of  identical morphological patterns. It is a tool  help to understand the patterns of French idiomatic borrowings for people, who do not know the French language. Furthermore, these patterns influences of the French language on the English language and help distinguish the degree of influence of the French language upon the English language.

Among the diverse national varieties of Postcolonial English (Schneider 2007), Australian English is an interesting example of the potential a non-dominant variety of English can have nationally and inter¬nationally. After only having achieved general acceptance and linguistic attention as a national standard in the 1970s, Australian English is now codified and well researched. On the one hand, its development has been (and continues to be) influenced by two different dominant varieties of English, British English as well as United States English, on the other hand, Australian English has become a semi-dominant standard regionally, influencing other South West Pacific Englishes, in particular the Papua New Guinean and New Zealand standards. It is argued that in many cases of pluricentric languages, dominance or non-dominance is not a binary opposition but must be determined for each standard variety within its individual framework of dominance.

There are situations in life where we can’t get free from inconvenient obligations but only through saying “No”. However, there are ways to soften the blow especially when it comes to requests. This word no matter how little it is, it hurts badly. Therefore, this word can be said in a less shocking way. As the result is always declining the request, it’s better to do that positively and more tenderly.

Race has always been a topic that is associated with different emotions, views, and thoughts for thousands of years. Since the beginning of times, people from different racial backgrounds such as Africans have always been judged and treated based on their race or where they were born. Brent Staples was among the renowned African American writers that fought against the negative stereotyping of black men in public spaces through his article, “Black Men and Public Space” in which he employs numerous rhetorical uses that add more appeal to his descriptions of experiences as a black man in public spaces. Staples’ article is a great example of how racism despite the progress made over the years, is still present. In writing this essay, Brent Staples reveals how black men, in spite of all their qualifications and achievements in life, are still discriminated against, for simply taking a walk. The author uses many examples of how different white Americans show racial stereotyping, from law enforcement to random people walking at night, which not only reveals how some Americans can be ignorant but also how they are likely to judge a person based on their skin color without considering other aspects of their life.

This volume aims above all to problematize the concept and practice of translation in an interconnected world in which English, despite its hegemonic status, can no longer be considered a coherent unified entity but rather a mobile negotiated resource (Blommaert 2010) subject to various kinds of hybridization. Drawing upon recent work in the domains of translation studies (e.g. Klinger 2015, Meylaerts 2006, Batchelor 2009), literary studies (Apter 2006, 2013), and (socio-)linguistics (Canagarajah 2013, Pennycook 2007, Blommaert 2010), it explores the centrality of translation as both a trope for the analysis of contemporary transcultural dynamics and as a concrete communication practice in the globalized world. 
The first section looks at the role played by translation in the construction of contemporary identities, both horizontally (through translingual processes) and vertically (through temporal transposition). In a world characterised by physical migrations and instantaneous data transmission, identity is increasingly hybrid and translingual, forged at the interface of cultures through an effort of will and memory. Whether English is experienced as an oppressive or liberating force, as a mediator between localized realities, or as a rich resource to be drawn upon at will, the variety used is likely to be tinged with the sounds and forms of other linguistic realities and punctuated with nodes of untranslatability. Indeed, exploring just what may or may not be rendered in English in this process of self-translation constitutes one of the central aims of this section.
Hybrid identities continue to play an important role in the second section, but now the attention shifts to translation in the classic sense, namely, the difficulties faced by translators in their attempts to render the miscegenated discourse of translinguals in a third language. The issue is discussed both in broad terms, with reference to the ongoing debate about world literature and (un-)translatability, and also more specifically, in relation to concrete problems arising in particular texts. One innovative feature is the attention given to the role of the multilingual reader, whose communicative needs may differ considerably from those of the usual target reader of translations as conventionally conceived.
The final section draws together these different understandings of ‘translation’ to explore the implications of it for language change in different cultural settings. The evidence suggests that the process is by no means unidirectional: for although English, as the prestige vehicle of global communication, undoubtedly leaves its mark upon all the languages with which it comes into contact, it is also being influenced by them too. The extent to which this may ultimately result in the breakdown of English into mutually unintelligible varieties, and the implications of such a development for the translation economy, particularly in the light of the new nationalisms of the Brexit/Trump era, form the subject of the book’s conclusion.

This research aims to investigate English students' perceptions of using WhatsApp in paragraph writing class in one public university. Paragraph writing class is a part of language disciplines which may get some benefits from the usage of SNS. This qualitative research with a case study approach explores the perceptions of English students on the benefits and limitations of using WhatsApp during their learning activities. There were six participants in this research that the researcher got through purposive sampling; two students who got high, average, and low score of pre-test. The data were collected through questionnaire and interview. The data were analyzed in three major themes; 1. General background of the participants using WhatsApp, 2. Benefits of WhatsApp in paragraph writing class, and 3. Limitations of WhatsApp in paragraph writing class. The findings of the current research indicate that there were positive perceptions of the students in using WhatsApp in paragraph w...

With increasingly higher numbers of non-English language web searchers the problems of efficient handling of non-English Web documents and user queries are becoming major issues for search engines. The main aim of this review paper is to make researchers aware of the existing problems in monolingual non-English Web retrieval by providing an overview of open issues. A significant number of

Elementary metaplasmic analyses of forename levels in twenty coats of arms: King Afonso of Algarve (Portuguese), Queen Petronilla of Aragon (Latin), King Ludwig of Bavaria (German), King Leopold of Belgium (French), Count Ramon of Barcelona (Latin), Franz Joseph of Bosnia-Herzegovina (German), Marquess João Carlos of Aracati (Portuguese), Emperor Pedro of Brasil (Portuguese), Queen Isabella of Spain (Spanish), Emperor Napoleon of France (French), Emperor Francis of the Holy Empire (German), Empress Victoria of India (English), King Umberto of Italy (Italian), King Godfrey of Jerusalem (French), Emperor Agustín of Mexico (Spanish), King Frederick of Prussia (Low German), King Carlos of Portugal (Portuguese), King Edward of Scotland (English), King Richard of England (English) and Mendes of Portugal (Portuguese).

Este estudio pretende analizar la problemática que presentan alumnos del segundo semestre de bachillerato en el aprendizaje de Inglés como lengua extranjera. Este estudio se realizara con una muestra de 60 estudiantes,  procedentes de diferentes poblaciones de la región del Istmo que acuden a la población de San Pedro Comitancillo, Oaxaca, a estudiar el nivel Medio Superior en una institución de formación tecnológica agropecuaria. La institución educativa cuenta con los medios mínimos requeridos para lograr una clase interactiva de inglés, sin embargo actualmente se encuentra en condiciones austeras debido a las afectaciones generadas por el pasado terremoto que sacudió a la región.

Publikacja recenzowana / Peer-reviewed publicationTransformations of education in changing Europe are multifaceted. One of the latter is the process of strengthening the cooperation among universities in this part of the world. This cooperation is carried out in many fields – from joint projects and researches – to joint analyses, discourses and publications. This monograph – a collection of reflections, thoughts and polemics deriving from theoretical and empirical researches, carried out as a part of a joint research project simultaneously undertaken at both these universities under the name “Problems and challenges of modern education” – constitutes one of the fruits of the cooperation between Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Cracow University and the University of Ljubljana

This study investigates the role of gender in influencing public speaking anxiety. Questionnaire survey was administered to the samples of the study. Technique of correlation and descriptive analysis will be further applied to the data collected to determine the relationship between gender and public speaking anxiety. This study could serve as a guide to identify the effects of gender differences on public speaking anxiety and provide necessary advice on how to design a way of coping with or overcoming public speaking anxiety.

The study aimed to investigate (a) the effect of digital games, songs, and flashcards on vocabulary knowledge of Iranian EFL preschool learners and (b) the young learners" performance on mid-course tests of vocabulary with different topics. The participants included 350 preschool female learners in Oshnaviyeh, a town in Western Azarbaijan Province and were divided into three tablet, song, and traditional groups. Pre and post-tests of vocabulary and four mid-course tests based, on the learnt vocabularies, were administered during the research. The materials also consisted of a digital game, 16 songs, a structured student book, a workbook, and 60 flashcards. The analysis of the data revealed that there was no significant difference in the vocabulary knowledge of preschool learners who learnt vocabularies via games, songs, and flashcards. The results also showed that there was a significant difference in the three groups" mid-course tests with different topics. The findings r...

This paper describes a program that was developed based on some of the principles of language immersion. The aim of the program was to provide a group of low proficiency ESL learners exposure to “fun ” language activities in order to motivate them to learn and use the English language. The activities as well as the two phases of the program are described. Results of a survey, interviews as well as the pre and post tests show the gains made in terms of student interest and motivation to improve their English language learning and use. Implications for pedagogy are drawn.