Expansion

... In the case of cement paste containing up to 20% replacement of bentonite together with 4% CW ... 3. YM Zhang, W. Sun and HD Yan, Hydration of high-volume fly ash cement pastes. ... 4. M. Cheriaf, JC Rocha and J. Pera, Pozzolanic properties of pulverized combustion bottom ash. ...

Poland and its education system have been undergoing radical and fast change since 1989 as the country "westernises". The pressures on HE in some ways mirror those of western Europe (growing classes, industrial and commercial demands), but the starting point is quite different. Attempting to meet these challenges, a TEMPUS PHARE [2] project has brought together 6 western universities and the Technical University of Lodz in a 3 year programme to redesign programmes and delivery across the Faculty of Technical Physics, Computer Science and Applied Mathematics. A progress report on this attempt at major change management is presented.

Many hard algorithmic problems dealing with graphs, circuits, formulas and constraints admit polynomial-time upper bounds if the underlying graph has small treewidth. The same problems often encourage reducing the maximal degree of vertices to simplify theoretical arguments or address practical concerns. Such degree reduction can be performed through a sequence of splittings of vertices, resulting in an expansion of the

Response surface methodology was used to analyze the effect of screw speed (220–340 rpm), feed moisture (11.0–15.0%, wet basis) and feed rate (22.0–26.0 kg/h, wet basis) on the physical properties (i.e., bulk density, expansion, porosity) of a nutritionally balanced extruded snack food. Regression equations describing the effect of each variable on the responses were obtained. Responses were most affected by changes in screw speed followed by feed moisture and feed rate (P<0.05). Expansion and porosity increased with screw speed and feed moisture whereas the opposite was observed for bulk density. Radial expansion was found to be a better index to measure the extent of expansion than the axial and overall expansions, indicated by a higher correlation coefficient.

Sports leagues consist of conferences subdivided into divisions. Teams play a number of games within their divisions and fewer games against teams in different divisions and conferences. Usually, a league structure re-mains stable from one season to the next. However, structures change when growth or contraction occurs, and realignment of the four major professional sports leagues in North America has occurred more than twenty-five times since 1967. In this paper, we describe a method for realigning sports leagues that is flexible, adaptive, and that enables construction of schedules that min-imize travel while satisfying other criteria. We do not build schedules; we develop league structures which support the subsequent construction of ef-ficient schedules. Our initial focus is the NHL, which has an urgent need for realignment following the recent move of the Atlanta Thrashers to Win-nipeg, but our methods can be adapted to virtually any situation. We exam-ine a variety of scenario...

Many claims have been made linking ancient languages with genetically identified prehistoric and modern populations. There is much new ‘evidence’ and intense debate on the validity and appropriateness of such interdisciplinary work. Here Patrick Sims-Williams provides a timely comment on linguistics and the quest for ancient populations.

In the last decade the national Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) programme has focussed on universaling access to elementary education (Grades I–VIII). Most recently the Right to Education Act provides the legislative framework to guarantee schooling to all children between 6 and 14 years of age. It remains the case however that less than half of all children attend and complete secondary school especially in the Northern states. Under the 11th National Plan Rastriya Madhyamic Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) has been launched to increase the numbers entering secondary school. This paper explores some of the key issues in planning and managing the growth in participation that is envisaged so that 75% or more enjoy the benefits of transition to Grades IX and X. The issues include the constraints on expansion that arise from the restricted output of elementary school graduates, the continued exclusion of the poorest and those from disadvantaged groups from progression to Grade VIII, the costs to households and government of universal secondary schooling as currently structured, the limits to growth of private provision, the massive infrastructure needs, and the problems associated with increasing teacher supply and deployment. Policy dialogue around secondary school expansion is a central concern if India is to close the gap between itself and China and other rapidly developing countries in educating most of its population beyond the elementary level.► Participation in primary education has improved greatly in India in the last decade. ► Less than 50% of all school age children attend secondary schools. ► India is far behind China and other rapidly developing countries in providing access to secondary school. ► The costs to households remain a barrier to increased participation amongst all but the rich. ► The Rastriya Madhyamic Shiksa Abhiyan (RMSA) programme needs to keep costs to households low and encourage more or the poor to transit into secondary schools.

This study examines the application of expansion strategy in translating iltifāt in Sūrat al-Baqarah. Iltifāt is one of the styles of the holy Qur " ān and it represents the switch from one mode to another including pronouns, tenses, and gender, and this study focuses on translating iltifāt in pronouns. To explore the usage of expansion strategy in translating iltifāt, the latter was examined in Sūrat al-Baqarah and its translation by Ali (2008). Creating a faithful translation via expansion or explicitation is a challenging task for the translator. Data were selected from specific iltifāts in Sūrat al-Baqarah, namely those in which expansion strategy had been used. The selected data were then classified on the basis of reasons for which expansion strategy was used and the effectiveness of expansion strategy in translating iltifāt in pronouns was described and discussed.

It is fact that there are some essential differences between French theory and American thinking in Comparative Literature. We note that the credit for the development of American thinking in Comparative Literature goes to some great American writers we should study their views in the Concept of Comparative Literature. We should also mention the differences between National Literature, General Literature and World Literature, to explain the concept of Comparative Literature in Europe and United States. We study American theories in the light of the conditions have been declared by French School in this concept to analyse the differences between them.

This study examines the tourism expansion and economic development in North Cyprus. In this study, have been applied data belonging 2012–2016 time period. It has examined the economic impact of tourism by statistical data to North Cyprus. A research quantitative methods is performed the secondary data researches to reveal the economic development and tourism expansion. This results indicate a long-run equilibrium relationship. In other words, in North Cyprus, tourism and economic development reinforce each other. A discussion follows and managerial implications are identified based on the empirical findings.
      Keywords: Tourism expansion; Economic development; North Cyprus

Aims  This study aimed to document and describe the current range expansion of the great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus Gmelin) into the USA. By examining the habitat associations and pattern of spread of this species, I intended to determine the factors responsible for this remarkable expansion by a tropical species into a temperate environment.Location  This study focused on the spread of the great-tailed grackle in the continental USA, Canada and Baja California.Methods  I used published records, museum specimens, and egg collections to document this range expansion from 1880 through 2002. In addition I surveyed large portions of Arizona, Nevada, southern Utah and southern California for great-tailed grackles during 2000 and 2001. The data gathered was used to create maps in order to quantify the rate of spread of this species.Results  Between 1880 and 2000 the great-tailed grackle expanded its breeding range in the USA from c. 64,000 km2 to more than 3,561,000 km2, an increase of 5530%. The average annual rate of increase is 3.4%, but has lessened during the past 20 years. Northward movement in the eastern portion of the range has slowed down, reflecting this decrease. However, in the central and western portion of the species range, the rate of northward movement is still accelerating. During this expansion, the average time between first sighting in a state and first breeding was 5.8 years. The species has become less migratory during its range expansion, wintering in 17 of the 20 states where it breeds.Main conclusions  This range expansion has been marked by great-tailed grackles preferring human-modified environments as breeding grounds, especially in the western states. This association appears to benefit the species in two ways; nest predation is lessened in such areas compared with natural conditions, whereas human activities tend to generate an abundant and consistent food supply for feeding offspring. Wintering birds are often associated with cattle feed lots and large-scale dairies, where abundant waste grain provides them with a reliable food supply. Given the continued human population increase throughout large areas of the western USA, the great-tailed grackle will continue its range expansion.Objetivo  Este estudio tiene como objetivo documentar y describir la extención de su expansión actual del Zanate Mayor (Quiscalus mexicanus Gmelin) dentro de Estados Unidos (USA). Examinando las asociaciones de hábitat y patrones de desplazamiento de la especie, se intento determinar los factores responsables de la extraordinaria expansión de una especie subtropical dentro de un ambiente templado.Localización  Este estudio se concentro en la expansión del Zanate Mayor en Estados Unidos continental, Canadá y Baja California.Métodos  Se uso registros publicados, especímenes de museo, y colecciones de huevos para documentar esta expansión en su distribución desde 1880 hasta el 2000. Además durante el 2000 y 2001 se hicieron censos de una gran extensión en Arizona, Nevada, el sur de Utah y el sur de California para ubicar individuos de Zanate Mayor. La información obtenida se uso para crear mapas para así cuantificar el índice de expansión de la especie.Resultados  Desde 1880, el Zanate Mayor ha expandido su extención de nidificación en USA desde aproximadamente 64,0000 Km2 a mas de 3,561,000 Km2 un crecimiento de 5,530%. El índice de promedio anual de crecimiento es 3.4% pero ha disminuido en los últimos 20 años. Hacia el norte y en la porción este de su distribución ha disminuido lo que se reflecta en esta disminución. Si embargo en el centro y la parte oeste de su distribución su movimiento hacia el norte sigue en crecimiento. Durante esta expansión en algún Estado, el promedio de tiempo entre el primer avistamiento y nidificación fue 5.8 años. La especie se a puesto mas sedentaria durante su expansión de rango, invernando en 17 de los 20 Estados donde nidifica.Conclusiones principales  Esta expansión de distribución del Zanate Mayor ha sido marcada por la preferencia de ambientes modificados por humanos como lugares de nidificación especialmente en los estados del oeste. Esta asociación aparentemente beneficia la especie en dos formas: la depredación de nidos es menor en esas áreas comparado con condiciones naturales, y además las diferentes actividades humanas tienden a producir una abundante y consistente fuente de alimento para alimentar a los pichones. Consistentemente en invierno los individuos están asociados con corrales de vacuno y lecherías de gran envergadura, donde hay una abundante perdida de granos lo cual les permite una alimentación segura y continua. Debido al gran crecimiento de la población humana en grandes áreas de los estados del oeste de USA, el Zanate Mayor probablemente continuara su expansión de distribución.