Eye

Introduction We compared remote, image-based patient consultations to in-person consultations at emergency department and inpatient hospital settings. Methods Patients evaluated by the ophthalmic consultation services (gold standard) were imaged over a two-week period. A trained study coordinator took anterior segment photographs (AS) and posterior segment photographs (PS) with a portable camera (PictorPlus, Volk Optical, Cleveland, OH). Ophthalmologists (graders) determined photograph quality, presence of pathology, and their confidence in disease detection. At a separate session, graders reassessed photographs accompanied by a one-sentence summary of demographics and chief complaint (CHx). We computed accuracy and reliability statistics. Results We took AS photographs of 24 eyes of 15 patients and PS photographs of 39 eyes of 20 patients. The majority of images were rated as acceptable or excellent in quality (AS: 89–96%; PS: 70–75%). Graders detected AS pathology with 62–81% sens...

The intimate anatomical relationship between the orbit and the paranasal sinuses places the orbit and its contents at risk of harm from primary pathologic processes of the sinuses. In the absence of ophthalmic signs or symptoms, ophthalmologists are not routinely involved in the management of patients with sinus disease. Occasionally, some patients may develop ophthalmic complaints after surgical intervention. The orbit, optic nerve, extraocular muscles, and lacrimal drainage system are susceptible to injury during endoscopic sinus surgery. The risk of injury is related to the skill of the sinus surgeon, history of previous surgery, extent and severity of disease, and anatomic variation. Furthermore, recent advances in endoscopic sinus surgery, in particular the use of powered cutting instruments, has resulted in a novel mechanism of injury to the ocular structures.

Purpose. Gentamicin eye drop solutions have a short precorneal residence time. The present study investigates the effect of gentamicin using a new long acting delivery Bioadhesive Ophthalmic Insert (BODI) in healthy dogs and rabbits and compares the results with a conventional regimen using an eye drop solution.

Binocular stereopsis, or stereo vision, is the ability to derive information about how far away objects are, based solely on the relative positions of the object in the two eyes. It depends on both sensory and motor abilities. In this review, I briefly outline some of the neuronal mechanisms supporting stereo vision, and discuss how these are disrupted in strabismus. I explain, in some detail, current methods of assessing stereo vision and their pros and cons. Finally, I review the evidence supporting the clinical importance of such measurements.

To examine the optical quality of healthy presbyopic eyes before and after implantation of the pseudoaccommodating AcrySof ReSTOR Natural intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon Laboratories) by measuring visual acuity and wavefront aberrations.University of Valencia, Fernández-Vega Ophthalmological Institute, Valencia, Spain.Monocular refraction and photopic distance (6 m) and near (0.33 m) visual acuities were determined before and after clear lens extraction with bilateral AcrySof ReSTOR Natural IOL implantation in 30 hyperopic eyes (+0.50 to +4.00 diopters [D]) of presbyopic patients with low astigmatism (≤1.00 D). Postsurgical binocular visual acuity was measured over a range of effective distances. Wavefront aberrations were measured before and after surgery. Aberrations for 2 pupil diameters (3.0 mm and 5.0 mm) were decomposed using Zernike polynomials; total, defocus, astigmatism spherical, and coma aberration terms were studied separately. Postimplantation results were compared with preoperative values.Safety and efficacy indices for distance vision were 1.01 and 0.96, respectively. At near, they improved to 1.07 and 1.06, respectively. Vision at intermediate distances was noticeably poorer. Total, defocus, and spherical aberrations changed after IOL implantation with both pupil diameters (P<.01). Total and defocus aberrations were significantly reduced postoperatively. Spherical aberration coefficients changed to negative and less positive values for a 3.0 mm and a 5.0 mm pupil, respectively.Implantation of the pseudoaccommodating IOL in healthy eyes yielded uncorrected levels of high-contrast, distance, and near acuities comparable to preoperative best corrected values. Higher-order aberration levels appeared to be similar to the preoperative values.

Aims We carried out a survey of important nonclinical issues including awareness and self-management of diabetes on a group of South Asian and Caucasian patients attending diabetic clinics within a set period.Methods A structured questionnaire examined various issues including demographics, perceived knowledge and awareness of diabetes, perceived self-help/support, and psycho-social factors. A total of 500 patients (268 South Asians and

To identify adult human buccal epithelial stem cells (SCs) on the basis of two parameters (high p63 expression and greater nucleus/cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio) and to evaluate clinical efficacy of ex-vivo expanded autologous epithelium in bilateral limbal SC-deficient (LSCD) patients. The epithelial cells were isolated from buccal biopsy and cultured on human amnion in culture inserts with 3T3 feeder layer. The SCs were identified on the basis of two-parameter analysis using confocal microscopy, surface markers, and colony-forming efficiency (CFE). The cultured epithelium was transplanted in 10 LSCD patients followed by penetrating keratoplasty in 4 patients. The clinical outcome was followed up to 3 years. A distinct population (3.0±1.7%) of small cells expressing high levels of p63 with greater N/C ratio was observed in buccal epithelium. The N/C ratio was found to be more appropriate than cell diameter for two-parameter analysis. These cells located in the basal layer were negative f...

In the present study, the relations of simple reaction times of right and left hands with muscle powers of right and left hands, back, and leg were examined. Hand preference was assessed by the modified Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. Measurements for reaction time were taken using the Newtest 2000 Reaction Time Apparatus. Takei Kiki Kogyo Dynamometers were used in measuring the muscle power of the subjects (0-100 kg). The simple reaction time (SRT) for right hand was not correlated with right and left hand and leg. The left hand SRT was significantly negatively correlated with right and left hand and leg powers. The choice RT was significantly correlated with right and left hand powers, but not leg power. There were no right-left differences in simple RT and hand power. These results suggest that sport activities are associated with eye-hand visual reaction time (VRT) and visuospatial intelligence (VSI). Exercise&#39;s positive effect may be associated with especially the right bra...

Aim: To establish a new clinical index to evaluate the presence of hypo-hypertelorism with greater accuracy. Material and Methods: After screening a wide range of population, 310 elementary school children (185 boys, 125 girls) aged 7–15 years were included in this study. For this cross-sectional study, a millimetre ruler was used. The anatomical interpupillary distance was measured by a modified Viktorin&#x27;s method. In addition, inner and outer intercanthal distances were obtained. The data were analyzed by Student&#x27;s t -test for two independent samples using SPSS for Windows. There were children with clinical hypertelorism (n=92, group 1), children with large fronto-occipital circumference (FOC) (n=101, group 2), and age- and sex-matched normal controls (n=117, group 3). Due to variations in FOC among healthy subjects, we introduced a new practical concept for evaluation of interpupillary distance, namely the interpupillary index, the simple product obtained by dividing the...

Describes an automatic optical system that is attached to a slit lamp in order to provide automatic keratometry at low cost. The system consists of projecting a light ring as a target onto the patient's cornea as well as analysis of the deformation of the target in order to obtain the radius of curvature and the axis of the associated astigmatism. The reflected image of the target is displayed on a PC monitor, while dedicated software performs the analysis of the image, which provides the corneal keratometry

Niosomes has gained tremendous popularity as ultimate drug carrier. Lot of research work is being carried out on preparation of niosomes for ophthalmic use having no significant effect on vision and its sustained release pattern. Chloramphenicol niosomes were prepared using two different ratios of cholesterol, drug and surfactant, termed as EIN-1, EIN-2 by ether injection method and their entrapment efficiency, particle size. The in vitro drug release pattern was observed for ten hours. The EIN-2 showed 90% entrapment and released 81% of entrapped drug after 10 hours. Zeta potential & viscosity were determined and in-vivo comparison was made with Chloramphenicol eye drops where it exhibited Cmax of 15 μ g/ml. Stability studies were done to determine shelf life. MIC of selected strain of S. aureus was also determined. EIN 2 niosomal suspension was compared with Chloramphenicol eye drops in experimental conjunctivitis in albino rabbits. In-vitro studies are encouraging as niosomes released about 75% of total entrapped drug by EIN-1 and 81% of total entrapped drug by EIN 2. In vivo study shows that niosomes released the drug in eye in acceptable range and showed a sustained release pattern without affecting the vision. Niosomes were found ultimate ophthalmic drug carriers capable to release drug in sustained and determined pattern.