GSM

Public distribution system (PDS) i.e. Ration distribution system is the facility provided by the Government of India to ration card holders for food grains, fuel and other goods, as per the economic policy. Every family has its own ration card. The type of Ration card depends on annual income of that family. In existing PDS, subsidized food grains like wheat, rice etc. and fuel like kerosene are issued manually. So there are chances of human errors like wrong entry in register of ration shop about the amount of food grains given to the ration card holder/user. Similarly unsold food grains at the end of the month, will sale to another users without any intimation to the government and ration card holders, leads to illegal activity and corruption. To restrict such illegal activities and corruption we proposed a system called " Automatic Ration Distribution by using Raspberry Pi ". In this system we reduced human efforts for distributing food grains by using Raspberry Pi and GSM technology thereby informing each and every activity to the ration card holder as well as Government. In our approach initially we are scanning QR code on Aadhar card instead of ration card. Then Raspberry Pi matches the user QR code and OTP for authentication purpose. If user is authenticated person then he/she will get details of allocated ration on monitor display. Then he/she will purchase the required amount of ration by entering amount through keyboard. After completion of this process Raspberry Pi will send the information to government server and user via GSM module.

This article presents an original design methodology for the selection of output matching load network for a dual-band Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) that is targeted for the use in the GSM 1.8 GHz and WLAN 2.4 GHz range. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) based technique is used to get the optimized values of the output load network components. The concurrent dual-band LNA is simulated with these entire component values in CADENCE with CMOS 0.18 μm technology.

Abstract— Day by day the scope of networked embedded system is rapidly increasing for monitoring & controlling either home appliances or industry devices. The World Wide Web is a global system of interconnected computer networks that utilizes the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and allows the user to interface many real-time Embedded applications similar to data acquisition, Industrial automations and safety measures etc,. Users can monitor & control remote machines/systems by using an embedded web server. The main objective of this system is used to monitor the industrial parameters and control the various machines/systems in the industry from anywhere in the world through embedded web server. The machine/instrument is monitored and controlled by ARM 7 and in-build web server with GPRS technology. Various sensor’s are used to monitor the parameters like pressure, speed and temperature in the industry. A relay is used in this system to control the machine/instrument by giving ON/OFF command in the web page. The embedded device communicates through General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). GPRS technology along with GSM can be accessed from anywhere in the world.

Now day's electrical energy is not only problem but also serious issue. Because demand of electricity is greater than generation of electricity. In many countries the demand is as large as electricity transmission capacity of that country. These problems are not stopped up to transmission capacity but also increase in prices coal, diesel, petrol etc. Due to burning of these fuels it causes air pollution. As we look towards the renewable energy the generation cost is very high as compared to other generation techniques. By looking towards this problems energy saving is very important factor. This research paper involves the energy management technique. In this project we used the internet though area covered is whole world.

Logistics management is an important aspect in real-time applications. Some of the aspects like a delay in delivery, identification of freight vehicles in real time, cargo overload, misplacement is some of the issues facing logistics management. The Global Positioning System monitors the position of the cargo according to its latitude and longitude positions. The GSM/GPRS module makes the administrator's location easier. The RFID system enables cargo to be tracked and placed correctly. The Open Source hardware makes the processing and orderly management of goods in the webserver easier. If more goods are placed in the cargo, the cargo may not move or reach due to overload in the cargo at a specified time. The use of a weight sensor eliminates the overload of goods in the cargo. This system is also used for security purposes as a regular update of the location on the web server, and cargo data are updated using open source hardware in real time. Integrating IoT, RFID, GPS, GSM/GPRS as well as open source hardware results in good results. This system also eliminates dynamic updates of cargo data and delays in delivery of goods, ensures the positioning of freight vehicles and eliminates overload of cargo.

When the mechanisms of fading channels were first modeled in the 1950s and 1960s, the ideas were primarily applied to over-the-horizon communications covering a wide range of frequency bands. The 3-30 MHz high-frequency (HF) band is used for ionospheric communications, and the 300 MHz-3 GHz ultra-high-frequency (UHF) and 3-30 GHz super-high-frequency (SHF) bands are used for tropospheric scatter. Although the fading effects in a mobile radio system are somewhat different than those in ionospheric and tropospheric channels, the early models are still quite useful to help characterize fading effects in mobile digital communication systems. This tutorial addresses Rayleigh fading primarily in the UHF band. That affects mobile systems such as cellular and personal communication systems (PCS). Part I of the tutorial itemizes the fundamental fading manifestations and types of degradation

The wireless mobile communication markets are witnessing unprecedented growth fueled by an information explosion and a technology revolution. Mobile communication system add and important capability to our communication society. There are several standardized wired and wireless communication technologies available for various smart grid applications. With the recent growth in wireless communication, it can offer standardized technologies for wide area, metropolitan area, local area, and personal area network. Moreover wireless technologies not only offer significant benefits over wired, but also more suitable for remote end applications. Some challenges and opportunities related to wireless communication technologies have been discussed in brief. This paper gives a brief overview of some of the challenges and the opportunities of mobile wireless communication.

This paper presents design and implementation of a mobile embedded system to monitor and record key operation indicators of a distribution transformer like load currents, transformer oil and ambient temperatures. The proposed on-line monitoring system ...

The environmental performance of presently operated GSM and UMTS networks was analysed concentrating on the environmental effects of the End-of-Life (EOL) phase using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. The study was performed based on comprehensive life cycle inventory and life cycle modelling. The environmental effects were quantified using the IMPACT2002+ method. Based on technological forecasts, the environmental effects of forthcoming mobile telephone networks were approximated.
The results indicate that a parallel operation of GSM and UMTS networks is environmentally detrimental and the transition phase should be kept as short as possible. The use phase (i.e. the operation) of the radio network components account for a large fraction of the total environmental impact. In particular, there is a need to lower the energy consumption of those network components. Seen in relation to each other, UMTS networks provide an environmentally more efficient mobile communication technology than GSM networks. In assessing the EOL phase, recycling the electronic scrap of mobile phone networks was shown to have clear environmental benefits. Under the present conditions, material recycling could help lower the environmental impact of the production phase by up to 50%.

In this work a review of existing fire-detector types has been carried out along with the development of a low cost, portable, and reliable microcontroller based automated fire alarm system for remotely alerting any fire incidents in household or industrial premises. The aim of the system designed is to alert the distant property-owner efficiently and quickly by sending short message (SMS) via GSM network. A Linear integrated temperature sensor detects temperature beyond preset value whereas semiconductor type sensor detects presence of smoke or gas from fire hazards. The sensor units are connected via common data line to ATMega8L AVR microcontroller. A SIM300CZ GSM kit based network module, capable of operating in standard GSM bands, has been used to send alert messages. The system is implemented on printed circuit board (PCB) and tested under different experimental conditions to evaluate its performances.

Technology is playing a very important and useful role in all the fields like agriculture, industrial sector, Medical etc. Considering the Agriculture sector we need to monitor plants continuously. So, instead of doing all the work manually we can automate it so that there is less human intervention and time is saved and also less human effort. Thus, appropriate condition variables are defined properly. The variables of conditions include soil moisture, temperature, humidity, light etc. In our project we have implemented prototype of a automated greenhouse in which we control the parameters like humidity, temperature and soil moisture, using the sensors like DTH 11, LM 35 and also we take pictures of plant at particular periods of time and send it to mail, so that if a person wants to check the condition of plant that is, if it is diseased or healthy. If it is diseased then he can upload the picture of the plant to the PLANTIX app and can see what disease it is affected from and why it is caused. Therefore, the Owner can check if there is any problem related to the above conditions and he can take proper actions.

The aim of the project is to develop à system that will manage and control the milk testing, billing and indication via SMS. This paper mainly concern with the automatic milk collection using electronic card. It is used to reduce the complications in the fat measurements and human measurement errors. This project is made up of GSM, Load cell, smart-card and sensors photodiode, LED. The amount will be credited from the system to smart card. As our country is going to become cashless so this will be a step towards cashless India. Indications related to fat, weight after calculations are directly send on the customers mobile in SMS form via GSM. Using these system reducing the manpower and time, increase accuracy. Using these system the milk collection process is fast while separation of milk bases of fat.

Smart helmet is a device which can be used for coal miners safety. The device can be used to monitor the safety standards of the working conditions for coal miners. This device detects the temperature, humidity, harmful gas concentration, vibration. The data is analyzed and sent to the control room and the control room decides which action to take based on the parameters sent. This paper uses LoRa communication technology and GSM to send and receive information, Arduino to process the information. sensors such as MQ02, DHT11, IR sensor, vibration sensor to get the parameters. The main objective of using LoRa communication is to make sure the communication is strong even in the longer ranges where Zigbee runs out of range. The range provided by Zigbee is up to 300 meters whereas the range for LoRa can be up to 5 kms depending on the traffic in that area. The Arduino microcontroller processes the information received from the sensors and sends the information via LoRa and GSM. proper action can be taken by the control room and the workers can be evacuated or the conditions can be improved.

Present scenario of nations security has become an important constrain. During war, tactics is main factor in any country’s security. There are many concerns regarding the safety of the soldiers M-Health enables GPS (Global positioning system) tracking of these soldiers using Smart sensor. GPS used to log the longitude and latitude so that direction can be known easily. A personal server will provide the connection to the server at the base station using a wireless communication. Every soldier’s belt is integrated with GSM (Global system for Mobile communication) module which enables the communication with the base station in case of injuries & calamities. In the proposed schema idea is to introduce a location tracking device for soldiers as well as to update status of the soldiers during the war.

With increment in populace we have an expansion in the trash around urbanterritories. Here we propose a brilliant dustbin that works consequently to help settle this issue utilizing IOT and sensor based hardware. Common dustbins require to be opened by squeezing foot against its switch and afterward tossing trash. Likewise an individual needs to keep track when it is full with the goal that it very well may be exhausted and doesn't flood. Here we propose a keen dustbin that does this without anyone else. Our framework comprises of a sensor so as to identify human applaud signal and on an applaud of foot tap it opens consequently without anybody expecting to squeeze its switch. The dustbin opens consequently when it gets the sign and shuts its bring forth. Additionally the dustbin comprises of a level detecting ultrasonic sensor that continually quantifies the degree of trash in the canister and consequently distinguishes on the off chance that it is going to top off. The dustbin presently comprises of a keen hardware that transmits this data over the web to flag the fundamental trash specialist of the office to discharge the specific trash canister. We use IOT to build up the online web part for the iot framework. This receptacle is of an immense utilization in workplaces, homes and even out in the open spots for trash the executives. Along these lines we get a completely robotized savvy dustbin that considers computerized trash cleaning. Index Terms-Power Supply, Buzzer, ultrasonic sensor, GSM, cost-effective, arduino, efficient, hardware related environment.

In this paper we present a fully implemented system which is used for tracking the location. The location of the user will be tracked with the help of Google API. Location tracking will be helpful for various applications. By using this system we obtain the current geographical position of the hosting device or the user.

Development of flood early warning technology has grown rapidly. The technology has led to improvements in terms of communication and information technology. The use of the Internet of Things model (IOTs) has provided significant development to the development of early warning information systems. In this article is the development of a prototype model of flood monitoring information systems using Android has been designed by combining ultrasonic sensors as a water level detector, rain sensor, temperature sensor and moisture sensor. Arduino Uno Microcontroller Module used as sensor data processor, U-Blox Neo 6m GPS module as location detection and Ethernet module as sender of sensor data to station of flood early warning information system. The design of the prototype produces information on flood elevation, rain conditions, ambient temperature and soil moisture along with its location based on Google Maps interface on mobile android.

Embedded System based submersible motor control to prevent it from over load, dry run and single phasing using GSM for Agriculture Irrigation is the work done in this project which can be used to control and monitor the submersible motor used for agriculture irrigation using GSM network. This project provides the development of mobile phone as remote control application for submersible motor pump which is used in agriculture irrigation. The motor connections depends upon its horse power, it may be Direct on line or Star Delta. The motor is controlled by the micro controller and the present status of motor is sensed and it is automatically controlled by itself and the information is transmitted to the corresponding person through GSM network. The GSM mobile phone is used as an alternative to turn on and off the motor through a message or a missed call and also to send message to the owner about the following three faults. A micro controller is used to detect the three types of fault which cause damage to the motor. The first one is single phase absence fault detection and if it occurs the micro controller will automatically turn of the motor. The micro controller also includes the protection against over current or over load and also from dry running. It is expected that this application will be comfortable for the farmers and this provides easy access of motor to a greater extent. All these control process are achieved by using a PIC microcontroller, GSM and Different interfacing and control circuits.