Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

ABSTRAK
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Mandala Waluya Kendari
Program Studi Farmasi
Skripsi Penelitian,  September 2020
BORIS YASIN (F201601082)
“UJI EFEKTIVITAS GASTROPROTEKTIF EKSTRAK DAUN LABU KUNING (Cucurbita moschata) PADA TIKUS (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI ASPIRIN”
Pembimbing I : apt. Jastria Pusmarani, S.Farm. M.Sc.
Pembimbing II : apt. Citra Dewi, S.Farm. M.Farm.
(xii + 86 Halaman + 5 Gambar + 6 Tabel + 9 Lampiran)

Di Indonesia Angka kejadian gastritis menurut World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2017 cukup tinggi yaitu 274.396 kasus dari 283.452.952 jiwa penduduk. Efek samping dari penggunaan obat antiinflamasi non steroid (OAINS) menjadi 20% penyebab dari ulkus peptikum dan akan meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia. Pengobatan ulkus peptikum hingga saat ini menggunakan obat sintetik yang memiliki beberapa efek samping sehingga diperlukan pengobatan alternatif seperti pengobatan herbal. Daun labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata) mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin, tanin, alkaloid yang mampu melindungi mukosa lambung. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas gastroprotektif ekstrak daun labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata) pada tikus (Rattus norvegicus) yang  diinduksi aspirin.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik laboratorium. Sampel diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi. Pengujian efek gastroprotektif menggunakan 18 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol normal (Na.CMC 0,5%), kelompok kontrol positif (Omeprazole 20 mg/kgBB), kelompok kontrol induksi (Aspirin 300 mg/kgBB), kelompok (Dosis ekstrak 100 mg/kgBB), kelompok (Dosis ekstrak 200 mg/kgBB), dan kelompok (Dosis ekstrak 300 mg/kgBB). Analisis data menggunakan uji Kruskall Wallis dan Mann Whitney untuk mengetahui perbedaan tiap kelompok.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya efek gastroprotektif ekstrak daun labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata) pada Dosis ekstrak 300 mg/kgBB dengan nilai P signifikan 0,037  <  0,05 yang sebanding dengan kelompok kontrol positif.

Kata Kunci : Gastroprotektif, Aspirin, Daun labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata).
Daftar Pustaka : 33 (2001-2018)

The option for performing ERCP and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for the management of choledocholithiasis in the same operative session is often overlooked. We compared the success, safety, and cost of ERCP and LC when performed in either a single session or in separate sessions. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a U.S. tertiary care hospital. We identified patients undergoing ERCP and LC between April 2011 and August 2014 in either a single operative session (n = 33) or in 2 separate sessions within a 30-day period (n = 80). Technical success, total anesthesia duration, operative times, length of hospitalization, cost of care, and morbidity and mortality were evaluated. Bile duct clearance was achieved in all patients at ERCP in the same-session cohort. The separate versus single-session groups, respectively, did not differ in terms of total procedure times (mean ± SD = 142 ± 64 vs 142 ± 58 minutes; t test P = 0.98), anesthesia duration (251 ± 64 vs 225 ± 69 minutes...

Renal transplantation is associated with frequent gastrointestinal complications. Intestinal metaplasia is a feature of atrophic gastritis whereas the diagnosis of Barrett&#39;s esophagus is based on histological demonstration of specialized metaplasia. Both conditions are associated with increased risk of adenocarcinoma. The aim of the present study was to assess whether magnification endoscopy improves the diagnostic accuracy of intestinal metaplasia in stomach and in esophagus. In this non-randomized, feasibility study thirty one (12 women and 19 men) renal transplant recipients, with a mean age of 44.0 years were evaluated for the presence of intestinal metaplasia. Standard esophagogastroscopy with methylene blue staining was followed by magnification endoscopy. The presence of gastritis and intestinal metaplasia was classified according to modified updated Sydney classification. Of 31 patients, 16 patients had endoscopic and histopathological evidence of gastric intestinal meta...

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is the most common reason that the &#39;on-call&#39; gastroenterologist is consulted. Despite the diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities of upper endoscopy, there is still significant associated morbidity and mortality in patients experiencing acute UGIB, thus this is a true GI emergency. Acute UGIB is divided into non-variceal and variceal causes. The most common type of acute UGIB is &#39;non-variceal&#39; and includes diagnoses such as peptic ulcer (gastric and duodenal), gastroduodenal erosions, Mallory-Weiss tears, erosive oesophagitis, arterio-venous malformations, Dieulafoy&#39;s lesion, and upper GI tract tumours and malignancies. This article focuses exclusively on initial management strategies for acute upper GI bleeding. We discuss up to date and evidence-based strategies for patient risk stratification, initial patient management prior to endoscopy, potential causes of UGIB, role of proton pump inhibitors, prokinetic agents, ...

This article introduces one of the most advanced endoscopy imaging techniques, magnification endoscopy with narrow-band imaging. This technique can clearly visualize the microvascular (MV) architecture and microsurface (MS) structure. The application of this technique is quite useful for characterizing the mucosal neoplasia in the hypopharynx, oropharynx, esophagus, and stomach. The key characteristic findings for early carcinomatous lesions are an irregular MV pattern or irregular MS pattern as visualized by this technique. Such a diagnostic system could be applied to the early detection of mucosal neoplasia throughout the upper gastrointestinal tract.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is a common and universally distributed bacterial infection. It is predominantly acquired in childhood.AIM: To assess the relationship between endoscopic nodular gastritis and Hp infection.METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in children who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for chronic abdominal pain. All children who had five gastric biopsies for histologic analysis, urease test and Hp culture were included in the study. The Sensitivity and sensibility of nodular gastritis were determined and different parameters were studied according the presence or not of nodular gastritis(age, gender, Hp status, gastritis score and lymphoid follicles).RESULTS: 49 children, mean age 6.9 ± 3 years (range 1-12 years) were eligible for the analysis. Hp Infection was diagnosed in 35 out of the 49 children (71.5 %). Nodular gastritis was recorded in 16 out of 49 children and in 14 infected children and 2 out of 14 non infected children (p=0.07), 40% sensitivity, 85.7% specificity, 87.5% positive predictive value, and 36,4% negative predictive value. The parameters associated significantly to the presence of nodular gastritis were older age: (p=0.04), Hp infection: (p=0.01), chronic gastritis: (p=0.05), active gastritis: (p=0.02), follicular gastritis: (p=0.005), higher gastritis score: (p=0.005). Completely normal gastric mucosal histology was never found in infected children with antral nodularity. Among all infected children, the gastritis score was significantly higher when there was a nodular gastritis and follicular gastritis was significantly associated to nodular gastritis.CONCLUSION: The endoscopic pattern of antral nodularity identifies children with Hp infection, and active chronic follicular gastritis.