Individuals

Observations of wound healing and regeneration of walking legs in specimens of Nymphon australe Hodgson, 1902, Nymphon charcoti Bouvier, 1911, Colssendeis tortipalpus Gordon, 1932 and Pentapycnon charcoti Bouvier 1910 archived in the U. S. National Museum of Natural History collections is reported. One hundred and ninety-four specimens of N. australe were analyzed for evidence of regeneration. Blastema formation and or regenerated limbs of reduced size were found in 64 individuals, 38%. Forty-four specimens of N. charcoti were analyzed for evidence of regeneration. A blastema and/or regenerated limbs of reduced size were found in 12 individuals, 27%. Fifteen specimens of Colssendeis tortipalpus were analyzed for evidence of regeneration. Five individuals, 33%, had either a fully regenerated walking leg of reduced size or a blastema was present. Ten individuals of Pentapycnon charcoti were analyzed for evidence of regeneration. None of these animals showed signs of regeneration. The ...

Distinguishing linguistic change at the community level (‘generational change’) from linguistic change at the individual level (‘age grading’) is “one of the major issues in contemporary sociolinguistics” (Tagliamonte 2012:247). This article gives a brief history of the study of language change in the community, before turning to the types of linguistic behavior that have been observed across individuals’ lifespans. The article also discusses the meanings that have been attributed to the term ‘age grading’, arguing that consensus cannot be reached without more longitudinal work to determine the limits of lifespan linguistic change.

Work and non-work life are the two most important spheres constituting a biography of an individual that are interwoven and should be mutually complementary. Today's reality is not conducive to maintaining the synergy between these spheres, which is manifested in the form of conflict and perceiving them as opposing each other. In recent years an increasing appropriation of the personal sphere of individuals by work is particularly noticeable, which contributes to disturbances in their physical, mental and social development. Requirements of professional work increasingly interfere with non-professional activity, which is why more and more often discussed issue is to achieve a balance between work and non-work life. It seems that this issue is an important problem area of social sciences and should be analysed in conjunction with the idea of sustainable development.  In this book, taking into account the fact that the objective of sustainable development is to improve the quality of life, both in the socio-economic and individual dimension, it has been assumed that the balance between work and non-work sphere, constituting an important element of the quality of work and thus being a component of the overall quality life, can be a ‘way’ to sustainable development. At the same time the well-being of an individual can be considered as a ‘way’ to a globally understood harmonious and positive development. The specified areas of work and non-work life were the basis to undertake an in-depth reflection in the environment of social scientists, which resulted in this publication. It has been divided into three complementary parts: Evolution of the relationship work – non-work life in the context of civilization changes, Work environment as a dominant space for implementation of sustainable development of an individual and Work and family - synergy or dissonance of roles? In search of balance. The discussed problem questions form a set of interdisciplinary issues, for which ‘human work’ remains the central category of considerations - the main conceptual category of a pedagogical subdiscipline - pedagogy of work.  The authors of the presented articles hope that although this compilation does not exhaust the discussed subject, the issues contained in it will encourage both interdisciplinary scientific discussion, and - perhaps above all - personal reflections on combining work and private life, which has never been as difficult as it is now.

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W niniejszej książce, uwzględniając fakt, iż celem zrównoważonego rozwoju jest podnoszenie jakości życia, zarówno w wymiarze społeczno-gospodarczym, jak i jednostkowym, przyjęto założenie, iż równowaga pomiędzy pracą a sferą pozazawodową, stanowiąc ważny element jakości pracy i będąc tym samym składnikiem ogólnej jakości życia, może stanowić „drogę” do zrównoważonego rozwoju jednostki. Jednocześnie także pomyślność życia indywidualnego człowieka rozpatrywana być może jako „droga”  do globalnie rozumianego harmonijnego i pozytywnego rozwoju cywilizacji.
Idea Work-Life Balance rozpatrywana w aspekcie jednostkowo-społecznym wpisuje się zatem w filozofię zrównoważonego rozwoju, a brak jej optymalnej realizacji powoduje daleko idące skutki o charakterze ekonomicznym.
Treści przekazywanego do rąk Czytelnika opracowania obejmują zarówno rozważania teoretyczne, jak i wyniki badań empirycznych przeprowadzonych przez poszczególnych Autorów zainteresowanych tą problematyką. Całość została podzielona na trzy części, wzajemnie dopełniające się:
(1) Ewolucja relacji praca-życie pozazawodowe w kontekście zmian cywilizacyjnych, (2)Środowisko pracy jako dominująca przestrzeń realizacji zrównoważonego rozwoju jednostki, (3) Praca i rodzina – synergia czy dysonans ról? W poszukiwaniu równowagi. W ich ramach podjęto zagadnienia teoretycznych aspektów koncepcji równowaga praca-życie pozazawodowe; istoty i przesłanek konfliktu pomiędzy tymi dwoma obszarami biografii jednostki; przeobrażeń świata pracy, w tym zwłaszcza kontroli i organizacji czasu pracy, warunkujących ich wzajemne relacje. Rozważaniom poddano również wpływ społecznego środowiska pracy oraz nowych wzorców kariery zawodowej rozpatrywanych jako dysfunktory równowagi pomiędzy sferą zawodową i pozazawodową. Problematykę tą zaprezentowano ponadto jako element koncepcji społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu. W dalszej części skupiono się na analizie relacji między pracą a rodziną i wpływie tych relacji na doświadczanie jakości życia, w tym także na zagadnieniu macierzyństwa i wspierania rozwoju kariery zawodowej osób sprawujących opiekę nad dziećmi. W książce zawarto także propozycję narzędzia do pomiaru efektywności radzenia sobie z realizacją zadań rozwojowych okresu wczesnej dorosłości. Dziękując Wszystkim, którzy przyczynili się do powstawania niniejszej pracy, żywię nadzieję, że choć opracowanie to nie wyczerpuje podjętego tematu, to zagadnienia w nim zawarte pobudzą zarówno do interdyscyplinarnej dyskusji naukowej, jak i – a może przede wszystkim  –  do osobistych przemyśleń na temat łączenia pracy z życiem prywatnym, które jeszcze nigdy nie było takie trudne jak obecnie. Kierując się sentencją Arystotelesa, iż „Szczęście zależy od nas samych”, w książce poszukiwano odpowiedzi na pytanie:
Czy osiągnięcie synergii w tej materii jest w ogóle możliwe?

Despite being forgotten from the architectural manuals, German architect Heinrich Tessenow (1876-1950) can be considered one of the most insightful interpreters of a collective vision of society, based on the clarity of architectural aesthetics. This paper aims to investigate the theoretical contributions and projects of Heinrich Tessenow that have played a fundamental role in the definition of a discreet, but intense, architectural language, which embodies the aesthetics of collective housing. His work can be defined as a mission in defining the basic and logical principles of this language and the ethics of the architect’s craft. Tessenow’s ideas had a strong influence on modern architects, who in the 1920s and 1930s were the protagonists of social housing initiatives in Europe. These experiences had the main task of building a new society based on the concept of “living together”, through a new image with which the inhabitants could identify themselves. These principles allow this paper to extend the critical understanding on the contemporary conditions. Philosopher José Ortega y Gasset and sociologists Norbert Elias and Zygmunt Bauman stressed the importance of the collective dimension. Through their works, it is possible to question the role that architectural language plays in identity and ethics for society. Starting from Tessenow, the goal of this paper is to formulate some critical reflections on the importance today of giving future initiatives a perspective of collective identification through aesthetics.

Details
This book is an anthropology book, not a social and cultural anthropology book, but an existential anthropology book. It presents a critique of the theories and methods of the social sciences, which Albert Piette reproaches for side-stepping human beings, their modes of being and more generally the fact of existing. The book also offers an original combination of methods for exploring the details of existence: the particularities of each person in a group, the succession of situations in a day, and the subtlety of moments of presence. It gives rise to new theoretical propositions on what constitutes the specificity of human existence and social life.

For contents and first pages (probelesen)  : see http://www.duncker-humblot.de/index.php/leseprobe?file=LP03428546770

The nature of non-substantial individuals in Aristotle's Categories has been a matter of intense debate.  According to the traditional view, a non-substantial individual is a property that cannot be shared by more than one individual substance, i.e., non-substantial individuals are non-recurrent.  Owen has challenged this view, arguing that non-substantial individuals are, in fact, recurrent.  In this paper, I defend Owen's view against the persistent traditional view.  I show that the commonly held version of the traditional view is inconsistent with many passages in the Categories, and that there is no textual support at all for the traditional view.

International legal personality plays a crucial role in the capacity to be the subject of international law and also forms a status in acquiring certain rights and obligations. Individuals in international law have failed to acquire the status of ‘legal personality’ due to the state-centric approach to international law. Thus, excluding individuals from the capacity to be parties before the ICJ and its predecessor, PCIJ. Nonetheless, individuals have attained some capacity to recourse their claims before the PCIJ, but those claims were restricted in the state’s interest and subjectivity. The progress of international law and the progressiveness of the ICJ have placed individuals to attain rights and bear responsibility. The idea of ‘legal personality’ is placed within the framework of how individuals have attained recognition of their rights and obligations through the ICJ’s contentious cases and advisory opinions. This process is looked into to attribute the idea of ‘legal personality’ in international law to individuals. The idea of victim participation in the Inter-American Court of Human Rights have been also examined as a complementary approach to attain individuals ‘legal personality’ in international law, a project to frame as a subject in international law. This thesis also recommends the prospect of amending the UN Charter by keeping its original legal structure in place but also placing individuals claims as a party before the ICJ through Article 108 of the UN Charter.

With manifold increase in complexities in the financial environment globally coupled with the enhanced availability of products and services have brought alongside significant risks too. It has therefore become imperative for every nation be developed or developing to make its population aware about not only the financial products/services available but also the concepts on which they are based and the intricacies involved thus making them financially literate. Financial literacy has become all the essential for females for they have been regarded as quite vulnerable when it comes to financial matters. The present study encompasses the evaluation of financial literacy with regard to salaried females alongside evaluation its impact on the considerations af ecting their investment decisions. The data has been collected using a questionnaire from the 100 salaried females in Ludhiana city. The data has been analyzed using chi-square tests, factor analysis and regression analysis. The overall score for financial literacy has been 59.53 percent being lower than the benchmark OECD (2020) score of 60.48 percent. Regression analysis pointed out the significant of the financial literacy levels on the considerations affecting the investment decision of the respondents. Other key findings included the significant association of socio- economic demographics variables. The paper contributes to the field by helping understand the intricacies in relation to the female’s financial literacy and its implications for investment decision making.

Individual’s life is uncertain and limited, such as are his working life and working ability, therefore life insurance represents a manner of managing with risks which may be expressed through the lack of means for subsistence in a certain period of life or protection of the individual or the members of his family in financial terms. By having a life insurance policy one invests in his own security, protects his loved ones, while saving and planning their own future. Life insurance policy is a long-term solution that combines the safest savings and reliability. There is a tradition of having a life insurance policy in the developed countries, while in the Republic of Macedonia the number of individuals with life insurance is still very small. In this paper we will do a research on the perception of the population in the country regarding the benefits of owning a life insurance policy, limiting factors and measures to increase the contracts on life insurance.

Resumen: Este trabajo destaca la importancia de los nuevos estudios sobre circulación del sentido para una conceptualización de lo contemporáneo. En un contexto en el que ya no sólo los medios y las instituciones construyen los colectivos, sino que individuos y colectivos también lo hacen, se propone demostrar apelando a distintos estudios realizados en Argentina y Brasil que estos nuevos estudios son capaces a partir de la especificidad que les brinda su focalización en los procesos de mediatización y de circulación del sentido, de dar cuenta de fenómenos claves de la transformación actual de la sociedad. Abstract This work highlights the importance of new studies on the circulation of meaning for a conceptualization of the contemporary. In a context in which not only the media and institutions build collectives, but also individuals and collectives, it is proposed to demonstrate by appealing to different studies carried out in Argentina and Brazil that these new studies are capable from the specificity offered by their focus on the processes of mediatization and circulation of meaning, to account for key phenomena of the current transformation of society.

This book is a theoretical essay that lays foundations on which to build an anthropology directly focusing on human units. In the first chapter, the author attempts to show that the evolutionary specificity of humans constitutes an argument in favour of this perspective. the consciousness of existing in time and nuanced modalities of presence call for a detailed observation of humans. the second chapter is a critique of the abundant use of the notion of relations in social anthropology. this critique is necessary because of the extent to which the various theoretical and methodological uses of relations absorb and lose existences and their details. the third chapter concerns non-humans, another major theme of contemporary anthropology. Albert Piette sees a certain debasement of the notion of existence and proposes a realist ontology, considering what does and does not exist, from the examples of divinities, animals and collective institutions. It is not a matter of being satisfied with an analysis of ontologies or local meta-physics, but also showing what really is in a situation, and not just from the point of view of people and their discourse. this analysis leads to a classification of beings and to a consideration of the importance of minimality in human existence.

This paper is a response to an article "Was Tito's Yugoslavia totalitarian?" published in the journal Communist and Post-Communist Studies 47 (2014). The two authors indicate the inadequate theoretical framework and untenable interpretations made by Flere and Klanjšek, who provided a distorted picture of former Yugoslav society and the position of an individual in it. Their reduced theory of totalitarianism combined with their simplified interpretations served their aim of proving that the system established by the Yugoslav communists was not totalitarian nor did it strive to become one. Flere and Klanjšek's main argument for the absence of totalitarianism is that of a federal state concept of Yugoslavia, which is not in correlation with contemporary understanding of totalitarianism. By deconstructing their arguments, this article argues for a more elaborated and up-to-date conceptual understanding of Tito's Yugoslavia and its relation to the concept of totalitarianism.

This paper is a response to an article “Was Tito’s Yugoslavia totalitarian?” published in the journal Communist and Post-Communist Studies 47 (2014). The two authors indicate the inadequate theoretical framework and untenable interpretations made by Flere and Klanjšek, who provided a distorted picture of former Yugoslav society and the position of an individual in it. Their reduced theory of totalitarianism combined with their simplified interpretations served their aim of proving that the system established by the Yugoslav communists was not totalitarian nor did it strive to become one. Flere and Klanjšek’s main argument for the absence of totalitarianism is that of a federal state concept of Yugoslavia, which is not in correlation with contemporary understanding of totalitarianism. By deconstructing their arguments, this article argues for a more elaborated and up-to-date conceptual understanding of Tito’s Yugoslavia and its relation to the concept of totalitarianism.

Isovist analysis is useful tool for understanding how individuals perceive and act in space. It is often used in space syntax research as part of a set of techniques that examine users' visibility of space. Traditionally, isovists represent the optimal viewshed from any given location; when working with real-world spaces, however, there may be obstacles that obscure the optimal isovist. This paper explores the relevance of first-person isovists that are drawn from what is actually (and not only theoretically) visible in the scene. A candidate measure, termed " choice zones " , is evaluated. The paper argues that for real-world studies examining the social use of space, it may be desirable to complement traditional viewshed analyses with ones that take an egocentric perspective. The art of architectural representation is to depict the 3D properties of a space in a 2D form in such a way, that they aid people to imagine what a space may look or feel like. People with high spatial abilities (eg. architects) find it easy to switch between different drawings projections (eg. plan vs. section) and between drawings viewpoints (eg. allocentric vs. egocentric). Viewsheds can be a useful way for analysing the geometric properties of a space, as they are a simple abstraction: they represent the boundaries of any space as a 2D polygon, measured from a generating location. In their traditional form, viewsheds tend to be an allocentric form of analysis. This paper examines the merit of representing viewsheds from an egocentric perspective. It discusses what the drawbacks of the traditional allocentric form are, and how these can be addressed by using an egocentric approach. The paper begins with a discussion of existing representations and measures. It goes on to discuss a newly proposed measure, " choice zones " , as a way of defining the first-person isovist. The paper ends with a discussion of the value of such a measure for the space syntax community. 2. Background Viewsheds are often used in architectural analyses to convey what can be seen at any given point. A particular type of viewshed, or vista, has proved especially relevant for the analysis of the built environment: an isovist is a 2D polygon, taken at a stated height (commonly either floor level or eye-height) that represents the visible area from a point (the generating location of the isovist) (Figure 1). The aim of this section is to give an overview of some of the key concepts and measures used in viewshed analysis to date.

Research is still ongoing with regard to types of exploratory movement by active touch and its key functions in individuals with visual impairment. The aim of the present study was to describe and identify different types of exploratory movement performed by individuals with visual impairment in their exploration of geometric shapes. A total of twelve participants were asked to explore a number of simple and complex geometric shapes. The research design consisted of two research phases. In the first phase, the participants were asked to describe and, if possible, to identify the properties of each shape. In the second phase, the participants were asked to describe their hand movements during active exploration. The findings indicated that the participants utilized different movements to extract the featural and global properties of the shapes. It was also observed that some patterns of exploratory movement were present in all of the participants' strategies, which indicated issues of laterality. Finally, the research highlighted that by observing patterns of exploratory movement, educators of students with visual impairment can determine which strategies may be worth exploring with a view to their adoption in teaching practices and instruction

Reflexionar sobre la historia del pensamiento económico o considerar cuál ha sido la evolución de la ciencia económica en el marco de la interpretación de la sociedad, es de enorme importancia. Si los economistas se encierran en el círculo vicioso de la "utilidad" de la cienca, terminan entrampados en su lógica positivista; esto parece, no obstante, ser la tendencia.

El objetivo de este artículo se limita a reflexionar en torno a la noción de equilibrio en economía, tal y como la conciben los neoclásicos. Creemos que en tordo al equilibrio se juegan los supuestos trascendentales que mantiene esta corriente apara comprender la realidad; tanto la percepción de la realidad, cuando el método para aprehenderla se sintetizan en la noción de equilibrio.

Il pourrait sembler que l’être humain a été et est constamment présent en anthropologie. Dans ce livre, il est au contraire pensé que l’être humain n’est jamais vraiment entré en anthropologie. Le projet de l’auteur est de présenter les fondements ou les conditions, théoriques et méthodologiques, afin de prendre l’être humain, en tant qu’entité empirique, pour lui-même, comme thème d’observation et d’analyse, et non en vue de comprendre des phénomènes sociaux et culturels. C’est un livre d’anthropologie théorique, au sens étymologique du terme : il veut présenter un mode de regarder l’être humain, ou plus précisément un être humain. A cet effet, l’auteur développe son propre lexique, autour des notions de volume, de volumographie et de volumologie. Ainsi, tout au long de l’ouvrage, en débat avec des anthropologues, des philosophes, avec l’art, il décrit, analyse, précise ce qu’est un être humain regardé en volume. Il illustre aussi sa réflexion avec des dessins.

Современный этап развития нашего общества характеризуется значительным притоком несовершеннолетних детей, оставшихся без попечения родителей и  сирот в интернаты. Поступление ребёнка и дальнейшее его пребывание  в школе - интернате имеет свои особенности, среди которых наиболее актуальны различные отклонения  в психическом и социальном развитии. Отклонения ребенка, поступившего в школу - интернат, представлены широким рядом «симптомов», таких как: педагогическая запущенность, девиантное поведение, задержка психического развития, нарушение эмоционального, физического развития и затруднения во взаимодействии с  взрослыми и детьми.

In today’s highly challenging knowledge-based economy, many universities are have been taking additional value from their technologies developed in their research laboratories by licensing their intellectual property (Tidd & Bessant, 2011). In Turkey, however, this issue is very new and most of the university administrators are not aware about the intellectual property rights (Pathak, Xavier-Oliveira, & Laplume, 2013). As Huizingh has mentioned that such technology transfer of the universities has recently become an important dimension for the university strategy, as part of a trend called open innovation. Open innovation can involve both bringing knowledge from university into the innovative corporations and also transferring technologies from within the corporation to external partners, like the universities. By licensing their technology, universities have achieve a successful return on other and more deep R&D. In that way, technology transfer by licensing technology help universities (Huizingh, 2011). However, in many universities, especially in Turkey instead of licensing technology in order to achieve additional revenues by annual royalties, have not very effective in licensing. In particular, universities transfer their competitively outstanding technologies due to the lack of strategic management. Additionally, researchers often have difficulty in licensing opportunities due to the lack of the technology licensing offices (Shane & Somaya, 2007).
In order to understand the Turkish universities in technology transfer and licensing, a well-rounded research had conducted in Istanbul, the most developed city in Turkey, in which two different universities had chosen. After analyzing the academic and managerial background on technology licensing, exploratory interviews with 45 researchers in two different faculties, which were engineering and medicine, had conducted to understand deeply the level of awareness about the technology transfer and licensing. Additionally, a simple questionnaire was given to overview the general knowledge of the researchers in licensing and intellectual property rights. In the study, a phenomenological analysis was conducted and 16 research questions were taken into consideration during the semi-structured interviews. Then the data were overviewed critically by using Atlas.ti 7 to elaborate deeply the main situation regarding to the technology transfer and licensing
The results of the depth analysis showed that most of the participants (88%) accepted that they did not know about the technology transfer and licensing. More significantly, the most of the participants from the faculties of medicine and engineering were not aware about the importance of the technology that they had developed in terms of licensing and royalties that they could earn. Those (43%) who were developing technology and transfer of the technology to the corporations felt alone and scared about licensing. Some (22%) of the young participants had mentioned about the negative attitudes of the older professors. Those, who were successful in technology transfer and licensing, on the other hand, had mentioned that they did not like to talk about licensing and they preferred to work in corporations rather than in the university in order to protect themselves from the negative attitudes of their colleagues. Most (89%) of them strongly clarified that they had potential technological solutions for specific problems, but they faced the challenges for technology transfer and licensing. The participants from the medicine had less knowledge in technology transfer and licensing than those from the engineering faculty. Some of them (32%) could not identify profitable applications of their studies. In addition, the large number of the participants (87%) had defined transferring technology as a complex process. They could not deal with the licensing activity. Hence, that mentioned that they needed technology licensing office to cope effectively and efficiently with managerial formalities.

The Web has become an excellent source for gathering consumer opinions. There are now numerous Web sites containing such opinions, e.g., customer reviews of products, forums, discussion groups, and blogs. All these reviews are the opinions of people all over the world about different products. With the growing availability and popularity of opinion-rich resources such as review forums for the product sold online, choosing the right product from a large number of products have become difficult for the user. These sources are underutilized both by consumers and businesses due to their unstructured nature, serial presentation, limited search tools, and low ratio of useful information to the overall amount of data. The proposed system illustrates visual analysis system that performs sentiment analysis and derives insight from a collection of online reviews of products from customer. Effective visual analysis of online customer opinions is needed, as it has a significant impact on buildi...

It may seem obvious that the human being has always been present in anthropology. This book, however, reveals that he has never really been a part of it.
Theoretical Anthropology or How to Observe a Human Being establishes the foundations and conditions, both theoretical and methodological, which make it possible to consider the human being as a topic of observation and analysis, for himself as an entity, and not in the perspective of understanding social and cultural phenomena.
In debate with both anthropologists and philosophers, this book describes and analyzes the human being as a "volume". To this end, a specific lexicon is built around the notions of volume, volumography and volumology. These notions are further illustrated and enriched by several drawings.

In principle, it can be said that one of the most complexities and dilemmas that prevents access to sustainable governance, is still closely related to the problematic of contradiction in the development of both economics and politics. The economy is logically and to some extent always moving towards the global, while politics is still practiced primarily locally or nationally. Here, the division or contradiction appears in the relationship between authority, responsibility and accountability to some extent, so that we find that there is a global economic authority versus a national or local political responsibility in which the use of authority is concentrated. This contradiction hinders the possibility and effectiveness of achieving and consolidating the principles of sustainable governance at all levels.

Therefore, in order to reconcile between domestic politics and the global economy, the point of balance between them must be based on sustainable governance, which is based on the principle of interdependence between political and economic concepts on the one hand, and the principles of transparency, accountability and participation on the other, here the individual (as a citizen or as a consumer ) can be the judgment or equilibrium by which that lost balance can be achieved. Which we need at the level of the possibility of achieving sustainable governance.

With manifold increase in complexities in the financial environment globally coupled with the enhanced availability of products and services have brought alongside significant risks too. It has therefore become imperative for every nation be developed or developing to make its population aware about not only the financial products/services available but also the concepts on which they are based and the intricacies involved thus making them financially literate. Financial literacy has become all the essential for females for they have been regarded as quite vulnerable when it comes to financial matters. The present study encompasses the evaluation of financial literacy with regard to salaried females alongside evaluation its impact on the considerations affecting their investment decisions. The data has been collected using a questionnaire from the 100 salaried females in Ludhiana city. The data has been analyzed using chi-square tests, factor analysis and regression analysis. The overall score for financial literacy has been 59.53 percent being lower than the benchmark OECD (2020) score of 60.48 percent. Regression analysis pointed out the significant of the financial literacy levels on the considerations affecting the investment decision of the respondents. Other key findings included the significant association of socioeconomic demographics variables. The paper contributes to the field by helping understand the intricacies in relation to the female’s financial literacy and its implications for investment decision making.

In this theoretical article, the author examines the rarely discussed but ubiquitous references to relations in anthropology. Research themes, explicatory concepts, work methods: everything seems to pass through relations. But is this not too much? And what about the existence of each human singu- larity, each individual? Does this not risk being absorbed by this excess of relationism? The author offers a critical evaluation of relationism and invites us to observe human existence, presented as a theme, concept and method associated with anthropological knowledge.

With manifold increase in complexities in the financial environment globally coupled with the enhanced availability of products and services have brought alongside significant risks too. It has therefore become imperative for every nation be developed or developing to make its population aware about not only the financial products/services available but also the concepts on which they are based and the intricacies involved thus making them financially literate. Financial literacy has become all the essential for females for they have been regarded as quite vulnerable when it comes to financial matters. The present study encompasses the evaluation of financial literacy with regard to salaried females alongside evaluation its impact on the considerations affecting their investment decisions. The data has been collected using a questionnaire from the 100 salaried females in Ludhiana city. The data has been analyzed using chi-square tests, factor analysis and regression analysis. The overall score for financial literacy has been 59.53 percent being lower than the benchmark OECD (2020) score of 60.48 percent. Regression analysis pointed out the significant of the financial literacy levels on the considerations affecting the investment decision of the respondents. Other key findings included the significant association of socioeconomic demographics variables. The paper contributes to the field by helping understand the intricacies in relation to the female’s financial literacy and its implications for investment decision making.

The Social media has not, at this point confined itself to associating with loved ones yet has gone much above; individuals use items and offer their fair thoughts which impact the possible clients to settle on a choice to purchase or not to purchase the items. Social media gives the buyers capacity to investigate items that they are happy to buy. By supplanting the customary methods of showcasing, web-based media has given new chances to firms to draw in buyers in social connection on the web. In evaluating the effects of web-based media on marking and showcasing approaches, an investigation of the current writing via web-based media use and brand discernment can help recognize developing and fruitful techniques for improving purchaser commitment through web-based media.

The exploration recommends that the commitment with SMM positively affects customers brand mindfulness and buy goals. The article likewise examinations the negative impact of organization's online media exercises which influence the general duty and inclusion of the purchasers. Accordingly the investigation gives a mode to revealing administrative difficulties and for arranging better reactions to purchaser's web-based media exercises.

Abstract: several conceptions of trope bundles have postulated mutual relations of ontological dependence to explain the unity of the bundle. The idea is that a bundle is a plurality of tropes such that each one of them is dependent on any other. A variant of this idea is that there is a ‘nucleus’ of tropes all of them mutually dependent, and there is also a ‘periphery’ or ‘halo’ of tropes that are dependent on the tropes of the nucleus, but the tropes of the nucleus are not dependent on them. There are several theoretical advantages that trope bundles conceived in this way have. A weakness of the position nevertheless is that it requires an equivalence relation of dependence. But it has been normally supposed that dependence is a strict order, i.e. it is relation irreflexive, asymmetric and transitive. Several recent works have put into question this traditional assumption. Those recent criticisms are discussed and it is argued that they are not convincing. Further arguments are presented for the irreflexivity and transitivity of dependence, from which asymmetry follows. Dependence, then, appears to be in fact a strict order. This implies that most forms of nuclear trope bundles are unintelligible. But not all of them, because nuclear tropes with a unique nuclear trope are coherent.

The paper presents in outline a program of ontological revision, arguing both a methodological thesis in favour of a pluralist-constructional conception of ontology, and a substantive thesis in favour of a process ontology. Working from case studies in the contemporary debate about numerical, qualitative, and transtemporal identity, I identify six deep-seated substance-ontological presuppositions. Using the negations of these presuppositions as constructional heuristics I sketch the outline of a new ontological scheme based on processes or “dynamic masses.” As I try to show in the paper’s last section, the theory of dynamic masses offers new and promising routes to undercut the characteristic dichotomies in the debate about individuation, universals, and persistence.