Investment

The power point presentation examines the following questions:
1. Why is occupational insurance being developed in the EU and internationally?
2. Why it is of particular interest to Greece?
3. What is provided by the legislation on occupational insurance in Greece?
4. What is new in Directive 2341/2016 / EU?
5. What funds have been created since 2002, what they represent and how they are distinguished?
6. What difficulties are faced by occupational funds?
7. Why is the case law of the Council of State an obstacle to the development of mandatory occupational pension funds?
8. What was examined by the courts concerning occupational insurance?
9. What are the main policy choices for occupational insurance?
10. What are the incentives for its development?
11. Who could engage in this activity?
12.  What are my suggestions for the development of occupational pension funds in Greece?

We examine the intraday trading response of participants in the common stock market and in the preferred stock market to announcements of dividend increases on common stock. We find that participants in the preferred stock market respond more slowly to the ...

This paper analyzes momentum investment strategies based on past market data to evaluate the impact of trading volume on price momentum for the Canadian Stock Market. Utilizing variant models of Jegadeesh and Titman (1993) and Lee and Swaminathan (2000), we evaluate the effective time formation/holding periods of portfolios using both past price and trading volume. The findings suggest that taking high trading volume into consideration in momentum investment strategies on the TSX between 1996 to 2004 generally outperformed a strictly price-based momentum strategy for both winners (t= 2.118, p< .05) and losers (t= 2.174, p< .05). The most effective time period for a winning-high-volume portfolio was nine months of formation, starting in April and a 3-month holding period. The holding period is shorter by six months compared to what is suggested by Assogbavi, et al. (2008). In addition, high-volume portfolios consistently bettered low-volume portfolios for both winners (t= 4.121...

International commercial arbitration is the leading method of dispute resolution in large scale projects. This is especially the case in which one of the parties is a foreign investor.  When the foreign investor is doing business with the State itself or an entity of a State, namely a State owned enterprise (SOE), use of sovereign rights of the State becomes a problem in arbitration, especially when the dispute arising from non-monetary issues.
This study tries to address the above mentioned problems and focuses on the role of State or entity of the State as a commercial body, not as  sovereign.
Keywords: arbitration, commercial arbitration, state owned enterprises, state owned entities, investment arbitration, non-fiscal awards.

This conference paper proposes a new type of art investment platform. The unified decentralized platform aims to solve the problem of collapse and stagnation on the art market, art investment, and creative industry in general. The project is aimed at all the main parties in the art business and it is using blockchain technology and tokenization. The paper summarizes the situation on the market and describes the resolution to the problem.

Claimants brought an action for relief against Italy pursuant to the Energy Charter Treaty ('ECT') alleging that Italy breached, inter alia, the fair and equitable treatment Standard and Claimant's legitimate expectations, undertook unreasonable and discriminatory measures amounting to a breach of the Impairment Clause, and violated the Umbrella Clause in relation to their investments in several photovoltaic plants in Italy. Nonetheless, the Tribunal decided that the Italian Republic has neither breached its obligations under Part III of the ECT nor under international law with respect to Claimants' investments. Claimants were also ordered to pay all costs of the arbitration proceedings. Main Issues: jurisdictional issues on to the conformity between EU and International investment law, particularly with reference to the ECJ Achmea judgment; frustration of legitimate expectations of the investor through several modifications of energy incentive legislation.

PURPOSE Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) modeling is a tool that systematically accounts for all costs related to an information technology investment decision. This document provides answers to frequently asked questions about TCO modeling. TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP MODELING What is Total Cost of Ownership modeling? TCO modeling is a tool that systematically accounts for all costs related to an information technology (IT) investment decision. TCO models for IT investments were popularized by Gartner Research in 1987 and are now widely used. TCO evaluates all costs-direct and indirect-incurred throughout the life-cycle of an IT asset, including acquisition and procurement, operations and maintenance, and end-of-life management. While comparing the cost of different IT products and vendors can appear to be a simple task, there are frequently less obvious costs unrelated to the initial purchase price which can strongly influence the " best choice. " In fact, the initial procurement cost is typically a small part of the total cost of owning and operating most IT products. How does TCO modeling differ from " life-cycle cost analysis " or " full cost accounting? " Life-cycle cost analysis and full cost accounting are both systematic accounting approaches that seek to evaluate all costs associated with a product or practice, similar to TCO. All of these approaches can help organizations reduce total costs over time and document the benefits of practices like energy conservation and environmentally sound recycling. Life-cycle cost analysis is often applied to energy technologies and building projects. For example, a life-cycle cost analysis can show that spending more initially on additional building insulation can produce a net savings (due to reduced heating and cooling costs) over the lifetime of a building. The term full cost accounting is sometimes used interchangeably with life-cycle cost analysis, but is typically used to evaluate ongoing programs. For example, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency promotes full cost accounting as an appropriate tool for evaluating the costs of local solid waste management programs. It allows a municipality to account for such things as avoided disposal costs associated with recycling that otherwise might not be taken into account. These cost analysis tools are also sometimes used to identify externalities, like the reduced pollution resulting from recycling, or the purchase of electronic products with reduced quantities of hazardous substances. TCO modeling provides a systematic framework for considering these types of costs, as they relate to IT assets, in order to make better purchasing decisions. Why should federal agencies and facilities use TCO modeling? TCO modeling: • Provides a consistent, systematic framework for comparing IT alternatives, increasing productivity, and reducing overall costs over time. • Establishes a standardized way to track and compare IT costs over time. • Educates and raises awareness about the full costs of IT, showing that the initial IT procurement cost is a relatively small part of the full cost of ownership.

Kerala has a coastline of 589.5 kilometres, which forms 10% of India’s total coastline. Although, Kerala boasts of the highest quality of life in India as measured by human development indicators, the state's fishing community has largely been left out of the general development experience. For example, the literacy level, educational attainment of fisher folk is much lower than that of the general population (Department of Fisheries, 2005). Other development related indicators like lack of income- earning opportunities, poverty and deprivation, lack of access to basic services, poor health conditions amongst men and women, lack of access to health facilities, also show evidence of this neglect and marginalisation. The annual income, land ownership and housing facilities are also very low along with a very high level of indebtedness among the fishing community. Fisher folk always face a shortage of money and live on a day to day basis. They have a high rate of dependence on moneylenders and traders. They spend all their lives managing the burden of debts. In Kerala they lack a habit of saving and investing a part of their income. They spent whatever they get on their daily life. This contributes to the issue of poverty they face in their life irrespective of the income they earn. This quantitative research paper makes an attempt to identify the saving and investment patterns of fisher folk and its impact on poverty they suffer with a special focus on the fishermen communities living in Vadanappilli coastal area, Thrissur district, Kerala.

In order to test the moderating role of corporate strategy and industry environment in the effect of liquidity on investment for Portuguese manufacturing firms, we developed a multiple linear regression model for panel data. It is a static model with three types of variables: financial; strategic/environmental; and interactive. The estimated model was validated through the Breusch-Pagan/Cook-Weisberg and Wald Modified tests (heteroscedasticity tests), Lagrange Multiplier (industry random effects test, using the two-digit National Classification of Economic Activities), Hausman robust test (fixed effects model vs. random effects model test) and likelihood-ratio test (joint effect of industry and time test). The statistical processing of the data revealed that a company’s strategy (diversification and innovation) and the industry environment (growth) moderate the effect of liquidity on investment, which can be explained by the effect of these factors on the cost of asymmetric informat...

This paper presents the SR-GCWS-CS probabilistic algorithm that combines Monte Carlo simulation with splitting techniques and the Clarke and Wright savings heuristic to find competitive quasi-optimal solutions to the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) in reasonable response times. The algorithm, which does not require complex fine-tuning processes, can be used as an alternative to other metaheuristics—such as Simulated Annealing, Tabu Search, Genetic Algorithms, Ant Colony Optimization or GRASP, which ...

La educación financiera debe de ser inculcada desde edades tempranas, con la
finalidad que las personas conozcan el valor del dinero y la importancia de invertirlo
correctamente. Las Instituciones de Educación deben de transmitir el conocimiento, pero en
casa deben crear hábitos. Se observó que la principal fuente de ingresos son los padres, el
19.3% generan ingresos propios y manifiesta mayor independencia, aúnque solamente
ahorran el 10% . Esta investigación describe el comportamiento financiero de los alumnos
de la Unidad Académica de Contaduría y Administración, así como las cuasas del mismo.
Se observa un desconocimiento y desinterés por estos temas. Se recomienda incluir en la
curricula académica temas de educación financiera para propiciar su correcta aplicación en
las finanzas personales.

Financial education is an issue that must be instilled from an early age, it is
important that people know the value of money and the importance of investing it correctly. Education Institutions must transmit knowledge, but at home you must instill values and create habits. It was observed that the main source of income is the parents, 19.3% generate their own income and claim to have greater independence, even though they only save 10%. This investigation describes the financial behavior of the students of the Academic Unit of Accounting and Administration, as well as the quasas of the same. It is observed that there is a lack of knowledge and disinterest in these issues. It is recommended to include financial education topics in the academic curriculum in order to own their correct application in personal finance.

... Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 Fuzzy Genetic System for Modelling Investment Portfolio Rahib H. Abiyev and Mustafa Menekay ... (5) Here )(y i B μ is membership degree of the constraint. qi is maximum violation (tol-erance) designated for the constraint. ...

Investment systems are studied using a framework that emphasize their profiles (the cumulative probability distribution on all the possible percentage gains of trades) and their log return functions (the expected average return per trade in logarithmic scale as a function of the investment size in terms of the percentage of the available capital). The efficiency index for an investment system, defined as the maximum of the log return function, is proposed as a measure to compare investment systems for their intrinsic merit. This efficiency index can be viewed as a generalization of Shannon’s information rate for a communication channel. Applications are illustrated. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

‫در این مقاله که با استفاده از مدل آریما و الگوهای خانواده آرچ و گارچ به مدل سازی و پیش بینی قیمت مسکن در شهر تهران پرداخته شده است . سعی شده است تا مدلی جامع و کارآمد برای اهداف استراتژیک در بخش مسکن ارائه نماید که در حین سادگی از توانایی بالایی برای اهداف پیش بینی برخوردار باشد. با این هدف ، پس از جمع آوری اطلاعات اولیه در زمینه قیمت مسکن به صورت فصلی ، به تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات پرداخته شده است تا مفروضات مورد نیاز برای مدل سازی با استفاده از روش آریما را مورد بررسی قرار دهد . برای این منظور ، اطلاعات با استفاده از آماره های مرتبط با خود رگرسیو ، میانگین متحرک مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند . پس از انجام تحلیل های مورد نیاز بر روی داده ها ، بر اساس سه معیار متداول (آکائیک ، شوارتز و حنان کوئین) نسبت به پیش بینی قیمت مسکن اقدام شد .
در این مدل فرض می شود که فرآیند تولید داده های سری زمانی مبتنی بر یک الگوی خطی است و نحوه مدل سازی آن توسط باکس و جنکینز مطرح شده است . باکس و جنکینز(1976) اولین کسانی بودند که روشی سیستماتیک را برای یافتن بهترین مدل ARMA  ارائه نمودند روش ارائه شده توسط آن ها الگوریتمی سه مرحله ای شامل تشخیص ، تخمین و بازبینی مدل است که در نهایت مدل بهینه می تواند برای پیش بینی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد .

Investment is the economic decision of committing a set of fixed monetary resources with the expectation of receiving a stream of returns over a reasonable long period of time in the future. Since the decision to invest in securities is revocable, investment ends are momentary and investment environment is fluctuating, the reliable bases for reasoned expectation become more and more ambiguous as one envisages of the distant future. Investment is concerned with the purchase and sale of financial assets and an attempt of the investor to make logical decisions about the various alternatives in order to earn suitable return. The present study aimed to know the attitude of the investors in securities of cement industries in major cities of Tamil Nadu.

The following ratio analysis will look at the financial performance of American Eagle Outfitters (AEO), Inc. and Urban Outfitters (UO), Inc.  Both companies compete within the retail family clothing stores industry and have domestic and foreign operations. 
    AEO opened its first store in the United States (US) in 1977 and as of December 31, 2008 is operating in 1,098 stores and also operates e-commerce sites under AEO Direct.  AEO has 37,500 employees who work under the name American Eagle Outfitters, and wholly-owned subsidiaries, American Eagle, and AE brand names (aerie, Dormware®, AE® Martin + OSA® and 77kids™), (Libby, Libby, & Short,  2011, pp. B-2 – B-3)
UO was founded in 1970 as a predecessor partnership and later “incorporated in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 1976….The company’s principle business is the operation of a general consumer product retail and wholesale business selling to customers through various channels including retail stores, three catalogs, and four web sites” (Libby et al, 2011, p. C-7). As of January 31, 2009, the company operated out of 294 stores and “in addition, the company’s wholesale segment sold and distributed apparel to approximately 1,800 better specialty retailers worldwide” (Libby et al, 2011, p. C-7).

Rural firms garnered about 10 percent of all foreign investment in U.S. manufacturing firms through 1986. About two-thirds of that meant new jobs, since it represented new money coming into an area, rather than a purchase of an existing firm or plant. The South benefited in a big way from overseas investors, netting 44 percent of the rural total.

The aim of the study is to clarify and arrange the types of investment in tangible assets based on the practice of forming such assets in the world and Azerbaijan in particular. The article involves methods of analysis and synthesis in the development of criteria for attributing costs to investment in tangible assets. The dynamics of the investment in tangible assets of economic entities were analysed through the statistical analysis. The monographic method is applied to a comprehensive in-depth study of the types of investment in tangible assets, and the cause-and-effect relationships of their implementation. An abstract logical method was used to generalise and draw conclusions. The nature of investment in tangible assets was studied, taking into account the provisions of international accounting standards and other regulatory documents. An algorithm for identifying investment in tangible assets was developed, which provides for their consistent recognition from the moment the operation gets the attributes of investment activity and the subsequent distribution of investment by individual groups of assets to their final completion. The usefulness of the identification algorithm in making informed management decisions on the material investment in individual objects was determined. The classification of investment in the tangible assets of the company was determined, and the key types of investment were identified. The dynamics of the volume of investment in the tangible assets of Azerbaijani companies were investigated; an econometric model was developed to predict it, and the amount of investment in the tangible assets of Azerbaijani companies for the next five years was predicted. The prospects for further research include the search for directions for modernising the company’s investment policy.