LAN

The study assessed the Impact of conflict induced migration on the environment in Plateau State, Nigeria, through a combination of both the Geographic Information System and the SPSS to analyze the satellite images and the population data for the internally displaced persons in the area. It related the images of the area for 4 different years in the last decade; the year just before the crises began (2000), the second after two major conflicts (2006), the third after the fourth major conflict (2010) and finally, a projection of the area in the year 2020.From the image analyses and the correlations, a significant positive relationship was discovered to be present between conflict and environmental degradation (r = 0.84, at p<0.05) and the correlation ascertaining the relationship between migration and the depletion of land resources shows that the more the mobility of conflict displaced migrants the less the land resources become in the destination areas, and the less the migratio...

Design for performance is one of the most important considerations that a computer networks designer is
interested in when building it. The 3-tiers hierarchical network architecture (tiers are access, distribution, and
core) provides a high degree of availability, scalability, flexibility, security and manageability. while the
connection between distribution and core as a layer 3 connection (routing using routing protocols such as
EIGRP or OSPF) has obvious advantages and importance, the access layer can be connected to the distribution
via a layer 2 connection (switched access design) or layer 3 connection (routed access design). In this work, the
performance of the switched access and routed access designs were compared based on two elements: delay and
packet loss. The two designs were emulated using GNS3 software then generate a synthetic data traffic between
the network hosts. The results of the experiments showed that routed access-OSPF design is the highest in the
delay criterion - a difference that does not significantly affect network performance in real environments - while
at the same time it is the best in terms of data loss assessment. Due to the widespread use of the OSPF protocol,
which is an open standard protocol, and due to the advantages of the routed access design the study
recommended adopting the routed access-OSPF design whenever possible.

Denial of Service (DoS) is a security threat which compromises the confidentiality of information stored in Local Area Networks (LANs) due to unauthorized access by spoofed IP addresses. SYN Flooding is a type of DoS which is harmful to network as the flooding of packets may delay other users from accessing the server and in severe cases, the server may need to be shut down, wasting valuable resources, especially in critical real-time services such as in e-commerce and the medical field. The objective of this paper is to review the state-of-the art of detection mechanisms for SYN flooding. The detection schemes for SYN Flooding attacks have been classified broadly into three categories - detection schemes based on the router data structure, detection schemes based on statistical analysis of the packet flow and detection schemes based on artificial intelligence. The advantages and disadvantages for various detection schemes under each category have been critically examined. The performance measures of the categories have also been compared.

Third language (L3) acquisition differs from first language (L1) and second language (L2) acquisition. There are different views on whether L1 or L2 is of primary influence on L3 acquisition in terms of transfer. This study examines differences in the event-related brain potentials (ERP) response to agreement incongruencies between L1 Spanish speakers and L3 Spanish learners, comparing response differences to incongruencies that are transferrable from the learners' L1 (Swedish), or their L2 (English). Whereas verb incongruencies, available in L3 learners' L2 but not their L1, engendered a similar response for L1 speakers and L3 learners, adjective incongruencies, available in L3 learners' L1 but not their L2, elicited responses that differed between groups: Adjective incongruencies engendered a negativity in the 450-550 ms time window for L1 speakers only. Both congruent and incongruent adjectives also engendered an enhanced P3 wave in L3 learners compared to L1 speakers. Since the P300 correlates with task-related, strategic processing , this indicates that L3 learners process grammatical features that are transferrable from their L1 in a less automatic mode than features that are transferrable from their L2. L3 learners therefore seem to benefit more from their knowledge of their L2 than their knowledge of their L1.