Lasers

A new procedure for the calibration of an articulated arm coordinate measuring machine (AACMM) is presented in this paper. First, a self-calibration algorithm of four laser trackers (LTs) is developed. The spatial localization of a retroreflector target, placed in different positions within the workspace, is determined by means of a geometric multilateration system constructed from the four LTs. Next, a nonlinear optimization algorithm for the identification procedure of the AACMM is explained. An objective function based on Euclidean distances and standard deviations is developed. This function is obtained from the captured nominal data (given by the LTs used as a gauge instrument) and the data obtained by the AACMM and compares the measured and calculated coordinates of the target to obtain the identified model parameters that minimize this difference. Finally, results show that the procedure presented, using the measurements of the LTs as a gauge instrument, is very effective by ...

The automotive industry is in a transformational stage in lighting, with several new technologies coming to the market that offer improved performance, safety and aesthetics in the age of autonomous vehicles.

This brand new eBook looks at the shifting needs for autonomous vehicles, latest technology trends in automotive lighting and highlights which technologies are not permitted in the United States that could revolutionize the industry.

Inside, you will explore how the following technologies that can enhance the industry:
• Lasers and their signature blue light
• The Matrix Laser
• LED Adaptive
• OLED

All solvents for synthesis were of analytic grade. Spectroscopy measurements were carried out with spectroscopic grade solvents. NMR spectra (1 H, 13 C) were recorded at room temperature on JEOL JNM ECS 400 operating at 400 and100 MHz for 1 H and 13 C, respectively. Data are listed in parts per million (ppm) and are reported relative to tetramethylsilane (1 H and 13 C); residual solvent peaks of the deuterated solvents were used as internal standards. Mass spectra were realized in Spectropole de Marseille (http://www.spectropole.fr/). Thin films spectra and fluorescence quantum yields were measured using an integrating sphere. UV-Vis-absorption spectra were measured on a Varian Cary 5000. Emission spectra were measured on a Horiba-JobinYvon Fluorolog-3 spectrofluorimeter that was equipped with a three-slit double-grating excitation and a spectrograph emission monochromator with dispersions of 2.1 nm.mm-1 (1200 grooves.mm-1). Steady-state luminescence excitation was done using unpolarized light from a 450W xenon CW lamp and detected at an angle of 90° for dilute-solution measurements (10 mm quartz cell) and with a red-sensitive Hamamatsu R928 photomultiplier tube. Special care was taken to correct emission spectra that were obtained with the latter device. The detector was corrected according to the procedure described by Parker et al.. 1 The observed photomultiplier output A 1 was recorded at a wavelength , which corresponds to the apparent emission spectrum. A 1 is given by A 1 = (F 1)(S 1)/ 2 , where F 1 and S 1 are, respectively, the corrected emission spectrum and the spectroscopic sensitivity factor of the monochromator-photomultiplier setup. To calculate S 1 , we used 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4'-nitrostilbene (DMANS) as a standard fluorophore for which its corrected emission spectrum has been precisely determined. 2 Luminescence quantum yields ( f) were measured in dilute DCM solutions with an absorbance below 0.1 using  fx / fr = [OD r ()/OD x ()][I x /I r ][ n x /n r ]. where OD() is the absorbance at the excitation wavelength (), n the refractive index, and I the integrated luminescence intensity. The " r " and " x " subscripts stand for reference and sample, respectively. The luminescence quantum yields were not corrected by the refractive indices. We used as reference ruthenium trisbipyridine bischloride ( fr = 0.021 in water). 3 Time-resolved fluorescence measurements were carried out using a Noncolinear Optical Parametric Amplifier (NOPA) pumped by a fiber femtosecond laser (Amplitude Systemes Tangerine), and a streak camera (Hamamatsu PLP system) with a time resolution of about 10 ps. The pulse duration was 100 fs and the repetition rate was 10 kHz. The pumping intensity was controlled using a set of neutral densities. The PL was collected at the magic angle between the polarization of the excitation light and the polarization of the detected polarized light in order to avoid any polarization anisotropy effect; the reported  values are given with an estimated uncertainty of about 10%. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) data were acquired using a BAS 100 Potentiostat (Bioanalytical Systems) and a PC computer containing BAS100W software (v2.3). A three-electrode system with a Pt working electrode (diameter 1.6 mm), a Pt counter electrode and an Ag/AgCl (with 3M NaCl filling solution) reference electrode was used. [(n-Bu) 4 N]PF 6 (0.1 M in dichloromethane) served as an inert electrolyte. Cyclic voltammograms were recorded at a scan rate of 100 mV.s-1. Ferrocene was used as internal standard. 4 The values of half-waves potentials of each redox process are extracted using a deconvolution process incorporated in the BAS100W software (v2.3). The difference between the half-peak Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is

A nonlinear image technique for characterization of the optical nonlinearities is used to investigate the solid semiconductor ZnSe at 600 nm. The method based on a 4f nonlinear image technique with a phase object is used to obtain the diffraction pattern of the nonlinear filter in solid ZnSe located at the Fourier plane by a CCD camera. The nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refraction index were both obtained by fitting the nonlinear image. Good agreement between the experiment data and the simulated result are obtained indicating a sensitive and powerful method for nonlinear optical measurements.

This study measured the radiant power (mW), irradiance (mW/cm2) and emission spectra (mW/cm2/nm) of 22 new, or almost new, light curing units (LCUs): - Alt Lux II, BioLux Standard, Bluephase G2, Curing Light XL 3000, Demetron LC, DX Turbo LED 1200, EC450, EC500, Emitter C, Emitter D, KON-LUX, LED 3M ESPE, Led Lux II, Optilight Color, Optilight Max, Optilux 501, Poly Wireless, Radii cal, Radii plus, TL-01, VALO Cordless. These LCUs were either monowave or multiple peak light emitting diode (LED) units or quartz-tungsten-halogen LCUs used in anterior and posterior teeth. The radiant power emitted by the LCUs was measured by a laboratory grade laser power meter. The tip area (cm²) of the LCUs was measured and used to calculate the irradiance from the measured radiant power source. The MARC-Patient Simulator (MARC-PS) with a laboratory grade spectrometer (USB4000, Ocean Optics) was used to measure the irradiance and emission spectrum from each LCU three times at the sensor located on th...

Background: Dentinal hypersensitivity is characterized by short, sharp pain from exposed dentine that occurs in response to external stimuli such as cold, heat, osmotic, tactile or chemicals, and cannot be explained by any other form of dental defect or pathology. Laser therapy has become a commonly used intervention and might be effective for dentinal hypersensitivity.

Objectives: To assess the effects of in-office employed lasers versus placebo laser, placebo agents or no treatment for relieving pain of dentinal hypersensitivity.

Search methods: Cochrane Oral Health's Information Specialist searched the following databases: Cochrane Oral Health's Trials Register (to 20 October 2020), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (the Cochrane Library 2020, Issue 9), MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to 20 October 2020), Embase Ovid (1980 to 20 October 2020), CINAHL EBSCO (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; 1937 to 20 October 2020), and LILACS BIREME Virtual Health Library (Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information database; from 1982 to 20 October 2020). Conference proceedings were searched via the ISI Web of Science and ZETOC, and OpenGrey was searched for grey literature. The US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register (ClinicalTrials.gov) and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched for ongoing trials. No restrictions were placed on the language or date of publication when searching the electronic databases.

Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which in-office lasers were compared to placebo or no treatment on patients aged above 12 years with tooth hypersensitivity.

Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently and in duplicate screened the search results, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Disagreement was resolved by discussion. For continuous outcomes, we used mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We conducted meta-analyses only with studies of similar comparisons reporting the same outcome measures. We assessed the overall certainty of the evidence using GRADE.

Main results: We included a total of 23 studies with 936 participants and 2296 teeth. We assessed five studies at overall low risk of bias, 13 at unclear, and five at high risk of bias. 17 studies contributed data to the meta-analyses. We divided the studies into six subgroups based on the type of laser and the primary outcome measure. We assessed the change in intensity of pain using quantitative pain scale (visual analogue scale (VAS) of 0 to 10 (no pain to worst possible pain)) when tested through air blast and tactile stimuli in three categories of short (0 to 24 hours), medium (more than 24 hours to 2 months), and long term (more than 2 months). Results demonstrated that compared to placebo or no treatment the application of all types of lasers combined may reduce pain intensity when tested through air blast stimuli at short term (MD -2.24, 95% CI -3.55 to -0.93; P = 0.0008; 13 studies, 978 teeth; low-certainty evidence), medium term (MD -2.46, 95% CI -3.57 to -1.35; P < 0.0001; 11 studies, 1007 teeth; very low-certainty evidence), and long term (MD -2.60, 95% CI -4.47 to -0.73; P = 0.006; 5 studies, 564 teeth; very low-certainty evidence). Similarly, compared to placebo or no treatment the application of all types of lasers combined may reduce pain intensity when tested through tactile stimuli at short term (MD -0.67, 95% CI -1.31 to -0.03; P = 0.04; 8 studies, 506 teeth; low-certainty evidence) and medium term (MD -1.73, 95% CI -3.17 to -0.30; P = 0.02; 9 studies, 591 teeth; very low-certainty evidence). However, there was insufficient evidence of a difference in pain intensity for all types of lasers when tested through tactile stimuli in the long term (MD -3.52, 95% CI -10.37 to 3.33; P = 0.31; 2 studies, 184 teeth; very low-certainty evidence). Most included studies assessed adverse events and reported that no obvious adverse events were observed during the trials. No studies investigated the impact of laser treatment on participants' quality of life.

Authors' conclusions: Limited and uncertain evidence from meta-analyses suggests that the application of laser overall may improve pain intensity when tested through air blast or tactile stimuli at short, medium, or long term when compared to placebo/no treatment. Overall, laser therapy appears to be safe. Future studies including well-designed double-blinded RCTs are necessary to further investigate the clinical efficacy of lasers as well as their cost-effectiveness.

The Virtual Retinal Display (VRD) is a new technology for creating visual images. It was developed at the Human Interface Technology Laboratory (HIT Lab) by Dr. Thomas A. Furness III. The VRD creates images by scanning low power laser light directly onto the retina. This special method results in images that are bright, high contrast and high resolution. In this paper, we describe how the VRD functions, the special consequences of its mechanism of action and potential medical applications of the VRD, including surgical displays and displays for people with low vision. A description of its safety analysis will also be included. In one set of tests we had a number of patients with partial loss of vision view images with the VRD. There were two groups of subjects: patients with macular degeneration, a degenerative disease of the retina and patients with keratoconus. Typical VRD images are on the order of 300 nanowatts. VRD images are also readily viewed superimposed on ambient room lig...

The presence of progesterone receptor (PR) in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer is associated with a good prognosis, and indicates that tumors are likely to respond to tamoxifen. However, ER+/PR− tumors respond less well. To reveal the potential molecular mechanism of this phenomenon, we sought to identify differential protein abundances between invasive ductal carcinoma cells from cryopreserved ER+/PR+ and ER+/PR− mammary tumor specimens. Because current proteomics methods are hampered in the examination of most primary human tumor samples by the extreme tissue heterogeneity, we used laser capture microdissection (LCM) to isolate tumor cells and developed a sample pooling strategy to analyze small sample protein lysates. Proteins from LCM-harvested tumors were pooled into four sub-pools from each condition of three tumors/sub-pool, and proteins from respective paired sub-pools were co-electrophoresed by 2-DE using 54-cm IEF over pH 4–9. Abundance ratios were accurately quantified by a differential multiplex radioactive ProteoTope method at low attomole levels (∼3.6 &&mu;;g protein per labeling reaction, <180 ng per multiplex protein sample per 54-cm gel). Applying this approach, differentially displayed proteins were identified by MS using comigrating non-radioactively labeled tumor proteins. They include decreased cytochrome b5 and transgelin, and more abundant CRABP-II, cyclophilin A, Neudesin, and hemoglobin in ER+/PR+ tumors versus ER+/PR−providing a possible explanation for differential susceptibility against tamoxifen as a result of deregulated cytochrome b5-dependent metabolism. This study demonstrates the potential of ProteoTope and LCM to enable extremely sensitive and precise differential analyses from well-defined primary clinical specimen.

We recorded electrically stimulated somatosensory evoked potentials (electric SEPs) and pain-related SEPs following CO2 laser stimulation (CO2 laser SEPs) from a 17-year-old patient affected by myotonic dystrophy whose MRI disclosed a large syrinx extending from spinal level C2 to S3. Careful clinical and electromyographic examinations revealed no motor or sensory disturbances, apart from myotonia. The only abnormality noted in median and ulnar nerve short-latency electric SEPs (recorded with a non-cephalic reference electrode) was the absence of cervical component N13, the other SEP responses (N9, N10, N11, P14, N20) being normal. The cutaneous pain threshold and CO2 laser SEPs (both obtained by a CO2 laser beam applied to the back of the hand) were normal. Thus cervical component N13 appears to be highly sensitive to the effects of central cord lesions, even when these are asymptomatic.

Accurate characterization of the biochemical pathways of nitric oxide (NO) is essential for investigations in the field of NO research. To analyze the different reaction pathways of enzymatic and non-enzymatic NO formation, determination of the source of NO is crucial. Measuring NO-related products in biological samples distinguishing between (14)NO and (15)NO offers the opportunity to specifically analyze NO signaling in blood and tissue. The aim of this study was to establish a highly sensitive technique for the specific measurement of NO in an isotopologue-selective manner in biological samples. With the cavity leak-out spectroscopy setup (CALOS) a differentiation between (14)NO and (15)NO is feasible. We describe here the employment of this method for measurements in biological samples. Certified gas mixtures of (14)NO/N(2) and (15)NO/N(2) were used to calibrate the system. (14)NO2- and (15)NO2- of aqueous and biological samples were reduced in a triiodide solution, and the NO released was detected via CALOS. Gas-phase chemiluminescence detection (CLD) was used for evaluation. The correlation received for both methods for the detection of NO in the gas phase was r=0.999, p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.0001. Results obtained using aqueous and biological samples verified that CALOS enables NO measurements with high accuracy (detection limit for (14)NO2- 0.3 pmol and (15)NO2- 0.5 pmol; correlation (14)NO: p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.0001, r=0.975, (15)NO: p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.0001, r=0.969). The CALOS assay represents an extension of NO measurements in biological samples, allowing specific investigations of enzymatic and non-enzymatic NO formation and metabolism in a variety of samples.

The crystallization of protein samples remains the most significant challenge in structure determination by X-ray crystallography. Here, the effectiveness of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis to aid in the crystallization of biological macromolecules is demonstrated. It was found that the presence of well ordered lattices with higher order Bragg spots, revealed by Fourier analysis of TEM images, is a good predictor of diffraction-quality crystals. Moreover, the use of TEM allowed (i) comparison of lattice quality among crystals from different conditions in crystallization screens; (ii) the detection of crystal pathologies that could contribute to poor X-ray diffraction, including crystal lattice defects, anisotropic diffraction and crystal contamination by heavy protein aggregates and nanocrystal nuclei; (iii) the qualitative estimation of crystal solvent content to explore the effect of lattice dehydration on diffraction and (iv) the selection of high-quality crystal ...

В монографії на основі опублікованих матеріалів розглянуто сучасний стан розвитку систем, основаних на лазерах та опттико-електронних пристроях подвійного призначення, таких як далекоміри, гравіметри, анемометри, гіроскопи та методи лазерного охолодження частинок, що в майбутньому може бути застосовано для квантової криптографії.
Для кращого сприйняття, в монографії освітлено фізичні принципи роботи стабілізованих лазерів за частотою їх конструкції: газові, твердотільні, чіп-лазери, нанолазери.
Монографія розрахована на наукових співробітників, інженерно-технічних робітників, які займаються дослідженнями та розробкою, виготовленням лазерних пристроїв різного призначення. Також вона може бути корисна для аспірантів, студентів та курсантів
відповідних спеціальностей вищих навчальних закладів при вивченні предметів пов’язаних з лазерною та оптико-електронною технікою.

www.hplsa2018.com

On behalf of the Organizing Committee, we extend a warm and cordial welcome to you to be part of 22th Symposium on High Power Laser Systems and Applications, held conjointly with eminent researchers and scholars from all around the globe during October 9 - 12, 2018 in the amazing venue of Villa Mondragone, Frascati, near Rome, Italy.
You can be a part of this event by participating as a speaker by giving oral presentation or you can give poster presentation in your area of expertise.
Selected papers will be published in the Proceedings published by SPIE.
The conference will also provide delegates with the opportunity to consolidate their knowledge and understanding of the latest scientific advancements on laser systems and their applications.

Welcome in Frascati!