Latitude

Two different Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus) cohorts originating from 60°N (Bergen) and 69°N (Tromsø) were investigated in equal environmental conditions to study their different physiological responses to the same environment. A two-plus-two-bag mesocosm study was carried out between March and July 1998, in Håkøybotn, Tromsø, in order to determine development and mortality rates of the two parallel cohorts of C. finmarchicus. For practical reasons, the cohort from Bergen was incubated 10 days earlier than the Tromsø cohort. Consequently, they were exposed to elevated food conditions as compared to the Tromsø cohort. A high initial mortality among the Bergen cohort could clearly be ascribed, by genetic discrimination, to "contamination" with C. helgolandicus. After this initial mass mortality, the mortality was constantly 0.03–0.04 day−1. In cohorts starting from naupliar stage I, there was no significant difference in development or growth, the median development time (NI–CIV) differing by only 7 days (~6%). The difference in development time can be explained to a large extent (~4 days) by temperature differences. This is substantiated with model simulations using a physiological model developed for C. finmarchicus. There was a time lag in incubation between the two cohorts, resulting in elevated temperature during incubation of the Tromsø cohort. A fraction of both cohorts differentiated sexually at stage CV, with males differentiating before females. Females from both cohorts produced eggs, but specific egg production differed significantly (P>0.001, t-test). This was supported by elevated RNA:DNA ratio in females from the Bergen cohort. Both cohorts demonstrated quite similar development and physiological growth rates and, consequently, are considered to belong to the same genetic population inhabiting the Norwegian Shelf. The study demonstrates that C. finmarchicus is capable of adaptation to changes in environment and, thereby, demonstrates a significant physiological plasticity.

Using a 3-dimensional atmospheric transport model driven by the ECMWF winds and the non-interannually varying seasonal biospheric flux from the CASA global ecosystem model, we show that a significant change in the downward-zero crossing day (DZCD) of the atmospheric CO2 seasonal cycle in the Northern Hemisphere above 30°N latitude can be obtained by year-to-year changes in the atmospheric transport alone. The transport model is able to reproduce both the trend and standard deviation of DZCD observed at Pt. Barrow. With only atmospheric transport changing from year to year, eastern North Atlantic, Europe, southern Eurasia, southeastern United States and western North America show DZCD starting earlier by 5-10 days after 21 years of model integration. If DZCD obtained from CO2 monitoring stations is going to be used as a proxy for determining the growing season length, then it is important to take into account of that portion caused by the atmospheric transport.

In today's life, every human is in hurry to reach their destination like home, office, college, shopping mall, restaurant, etc as quickly as possible. To reach their destination quickly people use vehicles on road use and drive them in faster mode which results in road accidents. And it is a common belief that if a person behavior is being monitored, it would be relatively safer. Driver behavior is a major cause for the road accidents. To address this problem, drive behavior analysis and prediction models need to be developed.

Abstrak Perancangan sistem pelacak dan pengendali kendaraan jarak jauh ini dirancang menggunakan teknologi komunikasi Satelit GPS (Global Positioning System) untuk mendapatkan nilai koordinat lokasi (Latitude dan Longitude) dan divisualisasikan menggunakan Google Map secara real time sehingga keberadaan kendaraan bisa diketahui secara pasti dan meminimalisir tindak kejahatan pencurian kendaraan. Sistem pengendali jarak jauh yang digunakan untuk mengendalikan kendaraan menggunakan modul NodeMCU V3 yang terhubung pada internet untuk media komunikasi data yang berisi informasi lokasi dan perintah. Data akan ditampilkan pada aplikasi ponsel pengguna sehingga memudahkan untuk monitoring terhadap kendaraan. Sistem ini dilengkapi dengan modul sensor Finger Print sebagai akses untuk menghidupkan mesin kendaraan serta identifikasi bagi pengguna sehingga tingkat keamanan kendaraan tinggi. Pada saat pengguna tidak melakukan identifikasi menggunakan sensor Finger Print sebelum menghidupkan kendaraan maka sistem akan masuk mode darurat dan mengira kendaraan dalam bahaya. Sistem menerapkan prosedur keamanan berupa mematikan mesin kendaraan dan mengirimkan informasi lokasi kendaraan dan sinyal darurat pada pengguna. Sistem ini dibekali dengan baterai tambahan sehingga tetap dapat melakukan komunikasi dengan pengguna walaupun baterai utama pada kendaraan dilepaskan. Dalam mode darurat pengguna dapat menekan tombol Reset pada aplikasi setelah memastikan kendaraan dalam kondisi sehingga sistem dapat kembali ke mode normal. Kata Kunci: GPS, Latitude, Longitude, NodeMCU V3, Finger Print 1. PENDAHULUAN Pada era saat ini aktivitas menggunakan kendaraan semakin meningkat seperti penggunaan kurir pengantar barang, taksi online, ojek online, rental dan sebagainya. Kendaraan merupakan alat transportasi yang sangat penting untuk mempersingkat waktu saat melakukan perjalanan.. Peningkatan kebutuhan kendaraan yang tidak diimbangi dengan kemampuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya berpotensi menyebabkan bertambahnya tindak kriminalitas antara lain dalam bentuk pencurian kendaraan khususnya sepeda motor [1]. Sejauh ini untuk keamanan tambahan kebanyakan masih menggunakan keamanan tambahan berupa fisik seperti pengunci cakram, gembok tambahan, rantai dan sebagainya yang pada umumnya sangat mudah bagi pelaku kejahatan untuk dapat menembus keamanan semacam itu. Produsen motor juga telah memasang alarm yang menggunakan suara sebagai indikator sebagai sitem keamanan standar. Alarm ini menghasilkan suara melalui speaker yang terpasang pada kendaraan yang berfungsi untuk memberikan peringatan kepada pemilik kendaraan dan lingkungan sekitar bahwa alarm aktif. Akan tetapi alarm ini baru tersedia di sepeda motor keluaran terbaru terutama sepeda motor otomatis[2]. Untuk meminimalisir tindak kejahatan tersebut maka dibuatlah sebuah alat yang tertanam dalam sistem kendaraan dan dapat memberikan keamanan tamahan berupa fitur pelacakan berbasis GPS dan sensor Finger Print sebagai identifikasi yang akurat. Penelitian yang terkait dengan perancangan dan realisasisi system transmisi data GPS menggunakan teknologi SMS sebagai aplikasi system personal tracking telah dilakukan oleh referensi[3]. Penelitian tersebut mampu melakukan pelacakan secara realtime dengan delay sekitar± 4-5 menit berdasarkan intensitas kekuatan sinyal GPRS dan GPS. 2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1. GPS (Global Positioning System) GPS adalah singkatan dari Global Positioning System yang merupakan sistem untuk menentukan posisi dan navigasi secara global dengan menggunakan satelit dan metode Triangulasi. Sistem tersebut merupakan sistem yang pertama kali dikembangkan oleh Departemen Pertahanan Amerika yang awalnya diperuntukan bagi kepentingan militer. GPS mempunyai tiga segmen yaitu: satelit (Space Segment), pengendali (Control Segment), dan penerima/pengguna (User Segment). Satelit GPS yang mengorbit bumi seluruhnya berjumlah 24 buah, 21 buah aktif bekerja dan 3 buah sisanya adalah cadangan. Satelit ini bertugas untuk menerima dan menyimpan data yang ditransmisikan oleh stasiun-stasiun pengendali, menyimpan dan menjaga informasi waktu berketelitian tinggi (jam atom di satelit), dan memancarkan sinyal serta informasi secara terus menerus ke perangkat penerima (receiver) [4]. Sebuah sistem tracking yang umum digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan GPS (Global Positioning System). Terdapat segmen pengendali yang bertugas untuk mengendalikan satelit dari bumi untuk melihat keadaan satelit, penentuan serta prediksi orbit, sinkronisasi waktu antar satelit, dan mengirimkan data ke satelit. Sedangkan segmen penerima bertugas menerima data dari satelit dan memprosesnya untuk menentukan

Social media becomes a communicating channel during a natural disaster for detecting disaster events because people share their opinions, feelings, activity during the disaster through the Twitter. Twitter is not simply a platform for broadcasting information, but one of informational interaction. So, we use this platform for mining various disaster relevant tweets during a natural disaster. We examine more than 4,500 tweets during crisis moment. In this paper, we propose a classifier for classifying the disaster phases using social data and identify these types of phases. We use KNN, a machine learning classification algorithm for classifying the disaster relevant tweets. By knowing different phases of a disaster, response teams can detect where disaster will happen; the medical enterprise can be prepared to mitigate the damage after disaster and neighborhood area may also be alert to face the disaster. We classify the disaster-related tweets into three phases that are: pre (preparedness before the disaster event), on (during disaster event), post (impact and recovery after the disaster).We also take the geolocation with latitude and longitude of the disaster event for visualizing it using an earth map which can be useful to emergency response teams and also increase social awareness of the disaster.

This paper presents a study of the techniques employed by paraprofessional Chin-Hakha community interpreters when interpreting in a medical setting. Data was collected through a simulated dialogue in which participants were asked to interpret consecutively. Participants were then interviewed about their decision-making processes in formulating renditions of a number of medical terms. Lexical analysis found that Chin-Hakha interpreters produce interpretations of medical terminology according to certain observable patterned constructions. Overall, this study confirms the community interpreter's role as a 'negotiator' of language, where interpreters negotiate the intended meaning of specialised terminology by using their own 'storeroom' of linguistic skills and medical knowledge so as to be successful in rendering medical conversations.

The deeper groundwater (depending on definition) of the Bengal basin (Ganges–Brahmaputra delta) has long been considered as an alternate, safe drinking-water source in areas with As-enrichment in near-surface groundwater. The present study provides the first collective discussion on extent and controls of elevated As in deeper groundwater of a regional study area in the western part of the Bengal basin. Deeper groundwater is defined here as non-brackish, potable (Cl− ⩽ 250 mg/L) groundwater available at the maximum accessed depth (∼80–300 m). The extent of elevated As in deeper groundwater in the study area seems to be largely controlled by the aquifer–aquitard framework. Arsenic-enriched deeper groundwater is mostly encountered north of 22.75°N latitude, where an unconfined to semi-confined aquifer consisting of Holocene- to early Neogene-age gray sand dominates the hydrostratigraphy to 300 m depth below land surface. Aquifer sediments are not abnormally enriched in As at any depth, but sediment and water chemistry are conducive to As mobilization in both shallow and deeper parts of the aquifer(s). The biogeochemical triggers are influenced by complex redox disequilibria. Results of numerical modeling and profiles of environmental tracers at a local-scale study site suggest that deeper groundwater abstraction can draw As-enriched water to 150 m depth within a few decades, synchronous with the advent of wide-scale irrigational pumping in West Bengal (India).► First detailed study of deeper groundwater arsenic (As) in western Bengal basin. ► The study shows presence of elevated As in contrast to existing hypothesis. ► Regionally, hydrostratigraphy has a strong control on As distribution. ► As mobilization conducive sediment-groundwater chemistry is present in >200 m depth. ► Locally, prolific deep pumping can attract As-enriched shallow water to deeper depth.

Revisitant le voyage peu connu de Ernesto Che Guevara au Congo en 1965 à partir de son Journal du Congo, l’article propose une lecture décoloniale de la coopération entre Cuba et le Congo. Considérée comme un « échec » militaire, cette mission de soutien témoigne tout à la fois d’une alliance des pays du tiers-monde et d’une volonté anticoloniale et anti-impériale d’imaginer des possibles politiques alternatifs. Elle montre aussi les difficultés de faire front commun et d’implanter au Congo l’idéal marxiste cubain de « l’homme nouveau ». Malgré cette situation ambivalente, analysée à partir du journal du Che et de photographies, cette expérience militaire a été un premier jalon tiers-mondiste d’affirmation de « modernités multiples », qui ne sont pas assujetties aux seules modernités occidentales, comme en témoigne une description de l’exposition artistique du Sud Global de La Havane en 1989, conçue par l’auteure comme en étroite filiation avec le rêve du Che.

Revisiting Ernesto Che Guevara’s little-known 1965 trip to the Congo from his Congo Diary, the article offers a decolonial reading of cooperation between Cuba and the Congo. Considered a military “failure”, this mission of support testifies both to an alliance of Third World countries, and to an anti-colonial and anti-imperial will to imagine possible alternative policies. It shows also the difficulties of making a common front and implanting in the Congo the Cuban Marxist ideal of the “new man”. In spite of this ambivalent situation, analyzed from Che’s diary and photographs, this military experience was a first Third World milestone in the affirmation of “multiple modernities”, which would not be subjected only to Western modernities, as shown in a description of the artistic exhibition of the Global South in Havana in 1989, conceived by the author as being closely related to Che’s dream.

Feral American mink (Mustela vison) are emerging as one of the biggest threats to biodiversity in northern Europe. Here we summarize responses of migratory seabirds, island small mammals and amphibians to 15 years of large-scale, experimental mink removal in the outer Finnish archipelago. Mink control led to increases in breeding populations of 14 of 22 species of seabirds, which were generally of smaller body size and later breeders as compared with those species which showed no responses. Mink also suppressed the natural summer increases of bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and field vole (Microtus agrestis) populations but only during years of good rainfall. Impacts on common frogs (Rana temporaria) took seven breeding seasons to appear probably because of delayed maturation of frogs; the less palatable common toads (Bufo bufo) seemed unaffected. It appears then that the disruptive effects of mink impacts may cover the entire island vertebrate community with cascading consequen...

The Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC) on India’s first satellite for lunar exploration, Chandrayaan-1, is for generating high-resolution 3-dimensional maps of the Moon. With this instrument, a complete topographic map of the Moon with 5 m spatial resolution and 10-bit quantization will be available for scientific studies. The TMC will image within the panchromatic spectral band of 0.4 to 0.9 Μm with a stereo view in the fore, nadir and aft directions of the spacecraft movement and have a B/H ratio of 1. The swath coverage will be 20 km. The camera is configured for imaging in the push broom-mode with three linear detectors in the image plane. The camera will have four gain settings to cover the varying illumination conditions of the Moon. Additionally, a provision of imaging with reduced resolution, for improving Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in polar regions, which have poor illumination conditions throughout, has been made. SNR of better than 100 is expected in the ±60° latitude region for mature mare soil, which is one of the darkest regions on the lunar surface. This paper presents a brief description of the TMC instrument.