Livestock Production

Using daily fed cattle purchase transaction records collected by the Packers and Stockyards Programs over the period April 1992 to April 1993, we identify characteristics associated with the choices of fed cattle procurement and pricing methods. The methodology involves the use of a multinomial logit model. Regional concentration; processing capacity; number of head per lot; average weight per head; cattle

A structural time series model is used to estimate the supply response function for broiler production in the United States using quarterly data and a structural time series model. This model has the advantage of expressing trend and seasonal elements as stochastic components, allowing a dynamic interpretation of the results and improving the forecast capabilities of the model. The results of the estimation indicate the continued importance of feed costs to poultry production and of technology as expressed by the stochastic trend variable. However, seasonal influences appear to have become less important, since the seasonal component was not statistically significant.

Background Trypanosomosis is the most economically important disease constraint to livestock productivity in Africa. A number of trypanotolerant cattle breeds are found in West Africa, and identification of the genes conferring trypanotolerance could lead to effective means of genetic selection for trypanotolerance. In this context, high resolution mapping in mouse models are a promising approach to identifying the genes associated with trypanotolerance. In previous studies, using F2 C57BL/6J × A/J and C57BL/6J × BALB/cJ mouse resource populations, trypanotolerance QTL were mapped within a large genomic intervals of 20-40 cM to chromosomes MMU17, 5 and 1, and denoted Tir 1, Tir 2 and Tir 3 respectively. Subsequently, using F6 C57BL/6J × A/J and C57BL/6J × BALB/cJ F6 advanced intercross lines (AIL), Tir 1 was fine mapped to a confidence interval (CI) of less than 1 cM, while Tir 2 and Tir 3, were mapped within 5-12 cM. Tir 1 represents the major trypanotolerance QTL. Results In order...

Watershed programme is an important intervention in dryland areas to improve livestock productivity through increased feed and fodder supply. The present study has focused on the impact of watershed interventions on crop-livestock linkages with particular emphasis on how the interventions have affected the quantity of stovers/straws as livestock feeding materials in bridging the demand-supply gap. The study has been carried out in three typical Shivalik foothill watersheds (two treated and one untreated) in the Panchkula district of Haryana state. The impact of watershed development programme has been estimated by adopting both with and without approach and before and after approach. The untreated watershed has derived 65 per cent of its total income from animal husbandry. On the contrary, this sector has contributed 42 per cent and 20 per cent in two treated watersheds. The availability of supplemental irrigation enabled the villagers to step up cropping intensity. The number of go...

Background Ticks are regarded as the most relevant vectors of disease-causing pathogens in domestic and wild animals. The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, hinders livestock production in tropical and subtropical parts of the world where it is endemic. Tick microbiomes remain largely unexplored. The objective of this study was to explore the R. microplus microbiome by applying the bacterial 16S tag-encoded FLX-titanium amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) technique to characterize its bacterial diversity. Pyrosequencing was performed on adult males and females, eggs, and gut and ovary tissues from adult females derived from samples of R. microplus collected during outbreaks in southern Texas. Results Raw data from bTEFAP were screened and trimmed based upon quality scores and binned into individual sample collections. Bacteria identified to the species level include Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Staphylococcus sciuri, Serr...

The aim of this study was to identify and describe qualitative traits of indigenous Tswana chicken populations in Kweneng and Southern districts of Botswana. The qualitative traits involved in the study included tail colour, breast colour, back colour, neck colour, comb type, shank colour, earlobe colour and head shape. Data were subjected to frequency and cross tabulation procedures of descriptive statistics in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to compute frequencies of occurrence of each qualitative trait. The five strains of indigenous Tswana chickens under scavenging management system showed distinct physical variations for most of the qualitative traits. Black was the most predominant tail colour across the strains (51.6%) followed by brown (27.9%). The frequency of brown breast colour and brown back colour were significantly higher in those respective regions. Brown and black were the predominant neck colours across the strains. The single comb type (81.7%), feath...

With the successful recolonization and reintroduction of wolves (Canis lupus) in parts of the western United States (Bangs and Fritts, 1996; Bangs et al., 1998) and the natural expansion of wolves in the upper Midwest (Fuller et al., 1992; Thiel, 2001), managing conflicts between wolves and livestock is a growing issue for livestock producers, resource professionals, and the general public

Indonesia adalah net importir daging sapi dengan trend perkembangan volume dan nilai impor selama periode 2010 sampai 2017 terus mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun. Ketidakberdayaan produksi domestik guna memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen yang terus meningkat menyebabkan negara yang kaya sumberdaya alam peternakan ini terus mengalami pengurasan devisa. Salah satu sumber yang diduga menjadi penyebab adalah inkonsistensi dalam kebijakan seperti yang akan disajikan pada BAB I tentang analisis kebijakan pembangunan peternakan sapi potong sejak dicanangkannya program PSDS 2007 sampai berlangsung program UPSUS SIWAB era pemerintahan kabinet kerja sekarang. Inkonsistensi kebijakan yang menyebabkan tidak hanya terjadi pembangunan yang tidak fokus dan tidak berkelanjutan tetapi juga menyebabkan pemborosan sumberdaya dan kebingungan implementasi bagi instansi teknis dan pengambil kebijakan di daerah. Semoga pada masa akan datang, kebijakan yang didasari  oleh ego sektoral  dan kekuasan dan bahkan ego keilmuan tidak lagi terjadi seiring dengan terbentuknya pemerintahan baru terlepas dari siapapun nanti yang terpilih sebagai nahkoda Negara Kesatuan  Republik Indonesia tercinta ini.
Kata orang bijak “menjadi berguna tidak harus menunggu jadi utama” adalah ungkapan penuh makna yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam peningkatan peran sektor peternakan dalam pembangunan. Posisi mayoritas usaha peternakan sapi potong selama ini bukan sebagai sumber pendapatan (pekerjaan) utama tetapi lebih sebagai sumber pendapatan tambahan dan malahan sebagai tabungan. Posisi peternakan sapi potong dalam kenyataannya tidak membuat komoditas ini merasa terabaikan karena mampu hadir sebagai solusi pemecahan masalah dalam kehidupan masyarakat terutama rumah tangga pertanian. Pada BAB II tentang Perkembangan Sistem Integrasi akan dijelaskan tentang peran usaha ternak sapi potong dalam berbagai kondisi perekonomian. Usaha ternak sapi potong bisa hadir sebagai solusi alternatif dalam krisis ekonomi 1997 dan ekonomi global 2008, serta pasca kebakaran hutan dan lahan 2015 dan program pengendalian karhutla berbasis pemberdayaan masyarakat sekitas kawasan konsesi Hutan Tanaman Industri (HTI). Bahkan peternakan sapi potong berpotensi  bisa hadir sebagai solusi pemecahan masalah kehilangan pendapatan sementara (temporary lost income) sebelum dan selama proses peremajaan sawit dan karet rakyat.
Buku sistem integrasi tanaman ternak berkelanjutan (Sustainable integrated farming system atau SIFAS) ini merupakan rangkuman perjalanan panjang kegiatan penelitian dan pengabdian pada masyarakat, serta kerjasama penyusunan rencana program dan kegiatan beberapa lembaga terkait sejak tahun 2007.

About the importance of the book:
This book contains chapter wise concise notes and very important objective questions on different topics as per the syllabus of the competitive exams in Livestock Production Management (Animal Science). It has various tables, figure, diagram etc. to illustrate or remember the concept easily for examination. This book will be helpful for those preparing for the competitive examination of J.R.F., S.R.F., A.R.S., I.V.R.I. and N.D.R.I. pre PG exams, and too for the scholars preparing for the different state civil service and UPSC examination. Further it will also be helpful to provide content for preparation of several other national competition exams where LPM is included as a subject.

The authors evaluate the impact of foot and mouth disease (FMD) and control of the disease in the Philippines using cost-benefit analysis. A scenario in which FMD control is maintained at recent levels with continued presence of the disease is compared to scenarios in which a publicly funded programme achieves eradication by 2005 (current policy objective), 2007 and 2010. Under varying assumptions regarding the development of exports of livestock products following eradication, estimated benefit-cost ratios for the investment in eradication range from 1.6 (2010, no exports) to 12.0 (2005, export of 5,000 tons each of low-value and high-value livestock products annually), indicating eradication to be an economically viable investment. The commercial swine sector is estimated to capture 84% of the benefits generated by the public investment in eradication, versus 4% by backyard swine producers. The implications of these results within the context of regional efforts to control FMD in ...

Precision livestock production (PLP) is the augmentation of precision agriculture (PA) concepts to include all components of agroecosystems, particularly animals and plant-animal interactions. Soil, plants and soil-plant interactions are the subjects of PA or site-specific farming, where the main principle is to exploit natural spatial heterogeneity to increase efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. For the most part, PA has been studied and developed for intensive cropping systems with little attention devoted to pastoral and agropastoral systems. PLP focuses on the animal component and exploits heterogeneity in space and among individual animals towards more efficient and environmentally friendly production. Within PLP, precision grazing consists of the integration of information and communication technologies with knowledge about animal behavior and physiology to improve production of meat, milk and wool in grazing conditions. Two main goals are to minimize overgrazing of sensitive areas and to maximize the quality of the product through enhanced traceability. An integrated precision grazing system is outlined with its components: sensors of animal position, behavior and physiological status, real-time transmission of information to a decision support system, and feed-back through a series of actuators. Control of animal movement and diets is based on knowledge about species specific responses to various stimuli within the paradigms of flavor aversions and operant conditioning. Recent advances in the technologies and instrumentation available are reviewed briefly and linked to current livestock identification systems. The precision grazing vision is presented in full and the areas that need further research and development are discussed.

A Humane Society video, made secretly at the Westland/Hallmark plant in late 2007 and released in early 2008, led to the recall of 143 million pounds of beef. This case study illustrates the complexity of the food industry and the food recall process. Although ultimately, the incident had more to do with animal welfare than food safety — no sicknesses were tied to the recalled beef, it resulted in changes to the nation’s food safety procedures. The 2008 Westland/Hallmark beef recall, the largest beef recall in U.S. history, is a stepping-off point to examine the beef supply chain generally and the ground beef supply chain specifically.

4 Abstract: A study to improve soil fertility and farm productivity under intensive crop-dairy smallholder farming systems was carried out in Kiambu District, central Kenya highlands in the period 2003-2005 using farmer field school approach. The objectives of the study were to diagnose farming system constraints and assess the contribution of livestock to soil nutrient balances, design and test potential

Development in organic farming has been stimulated by farmers and consumers becoming interested in healthy food products and sustainable environment. Organic agriculture is a holistic production management system which is based on the principles of health, ecology, care, and fairness. Organic development in Uganda has focused more on the crop sector than livestock sector and has primarily involved the private sector, like organic products export companies and non-governmental organizations. Agriculture in Uganda and many African countries is predominantly traditional, less mechanized, and is usually associated with minimum use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and drugs. This low external input agriculture also referred to as “organic by default” can create basis for organic farming where agroecological methods are introduced and present an alternative in terms of intensification to the current low-input/low-output systems. Traditional farming should not be confused with organic farming because in some cases, the existing traditional practices have consequences like overstocking and less attention to soil improvement as well as to animal health and welfare, which is contrary to organic principles of ecology, fairness, health, and care. Challenges of implementing sustainable organic practices in the Ugandan livestock sector threaten its future development, such as vectors and vector-borne diseases, organic feed insufficiency, limited education, research, and support to organic livestock production. The prospects of organic livestock development in Uganda can be enhanced with more scientific research in organic livestock production under local conditions and strengthening institutional support.

The importance of main streaming gender issues in development programmes is now recognized by governments and development agents. This paper evaluates the role of gender in smallholder livestock production using Zimbabwe as a case study. It draws on several studies and assesses the gender dimension in terms of access and control, decision making and, division of labour. It is shown that for mainly traditional and historical reasons men continue to dominate livestock production although the situation is gradually changing. Men eclipse women in terms of ownership of more valuable stock, the making of decisions and the control of livestock production. This suggests that gender is important in livestock production and must be considered among other factors. The complexity of the system is noted but more gender disaggregated quantitative data is required if gender is to be effectively mainstreamed in livestock development programmes.

A quick survey study was conducted with the objectives of assessing farmers trait preference and productive performance of Sasso provided by Ethio-chicken private poultry farms under village production system in three agro ecologies of SNNPR, Ethiopia. Totally, 135 randomly selected respondents (45 from each agro ecologies) were included in the study. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one way ANOVA. According to the respondents most of the farmers were currently rearing more Sasso breeds in all agro ecologies (40.4, 72.7 and 47.7 in highland, midland and lowland respectively) than Bovans brown (17, 6.8 and 20.5% in highland, midland and lowland respectively). Current study exposed that 94.4% of respondents on average in all agro ecologies select Bovans brown for egg production while Sasso breed was selected by respondents (97.7%) for having large body size and producing high amount of meat. The information collected on age at first laying disclosed th...

Strategy has evolved throughout the years. The amount of competitive forces facing organisations may be the result of globalisation. This has forced companies to come up with strategic approaches to survive, increase market shares and most importantly to gain competitive advantage. Acquisition is one of the strategic approaches for organizational growth and accomplishment of business objectives and profitability (Malik et al., 2014).
This paper presents a critical analysis of Post Holdings’ acquisition of Weetabix.  It explores the strategic framework of the acquisition, critically reviews and analyses the relevant internal and external stakeholders and the breakfast cereal industry. Porter’s Generic strategies and Bowman’s strategic clock would be used to explore the Weetabix strategic positioning. Stakeholder Map of Weetabix case will be drawn and discussed. PEST analysis will be carried out to analyse what drives the Weetabix’s strategy to achieve profitability.  Finally, Porter’s Model of Fives Competitive Forces will be used to analyse the breakfast cereal Industry in the case of Weetabix case and its attractiveness in terms of profitability..
Post Holdings Inc. is a consumer-packaged goods company, which manufactures, markets and sells both branded and private label cereal products. In 2017 it acquired Weetabix Limited, also a breakfast cereal company, thus entering into the British market. The acquisition would result to change of internal and external stakeholders and thus requiring re-alignment of company to steer it to increased profitability.