Models of Innovation Types and Processes

This work aims at contributing to a vision of innovation in marketing channels, which is not limited to a few specific aspects of innovation or to the single stages of the channel, and which considers the channel as a whole.
The analysis will be carried out following three different perspectives: a technological perspective, focusing on the influence of technology on the interactions among channels members and with the final demand; a structural perspective, referring to what new channel configurations may occur and; a relational perspective, focusing on the changes in vertical relationships between firms.
The analysis aims to provide a conceptual framework on the basis of which future investigations and insights can be conducted to capture the extent and effects of the changes that occur, as a result of innovation

"Elinizdeki bu kitap, sosyal psikolojinin konularını en geniş kapsamıyla ele almakta, klasikleşmiş deneysel ve saha araştırmalarını en güncel bilimsel çalışmalarla harmanlamaktadır. Bu bakımdan, akademisyen ve öğrencilerin yararlanabileceği eşsiz bir kaynaktır. Kitapta, sosyal psikoloji konuları bölüm bölüm ele alınmıştır; ilgili kavram, terim, kuram ve araştırmalar aktarılırken her bölüm kendi içinde bir bütünlük arz edecek şekilde akıcı bir öyküsel kurguyla ve dille yazılmıştır ayrıca bu kitap; tarihsel olaylarla, edebî ve felsefi metaforlarla zenginleştirilmiştir.
Ayrıca bu kapsamlı çalışma, sadece bilimsel bir disiplinin temel konularını okuyucuya aktarmakla kalmamakta, aynı zamanda savaş, açlık, çevre gibi gerçek dünya sorunlarının sosyal psikolojik boyutlarıyla ilgili çözüm önerileri de getirmektedir. Bu bakımdan elinizdeki kitap yalnızca bir ders kitabı değil, aynı zamanda sosyal psikolojiye ilgi duyan herkesin merakla okuyabileceği bir kitaptır."

Phronetic organizational research is an approach to the study of management and organizations focusing on ethics and power. It is based on a contemporary interpretation of the Aristotelian concept phronesis, usually as ‘prudence’. Phronesis is the ability to think and act in relation to values, to deliberate about ‘things that are good or bad for humans’ in the words of Aristotle (1976:1140a24–b12). Phronetic organizational research effectively provides answers to the following four value-rational questions, for specific problematics in management and organization studies: 1. Where are we going with this specific management problematic? 2. Who gains and who loses, and by which mechanisms of power? 3. Is this development desirable? 4. What, if anything, should we do about it?

In the era of the 21st century, the best higher education institutions have more than one role. Not only do they educate and train students but they also create new ideas and knowledge for the short-term contemporary issues as well as long-term complex problems. In the strategic goals, five aspects are critical in higher education: the democratization of knowledge and access, the contestability of the market and funding, the research technologies, the global mobility and the integration with the industry. Universities should have strategic plans including strategic goals. In this study, the strategic models and plans of the public (5) and private (5) universities are analysed from the five different aspects. In order to deeply understand the dynamics at these universities, the phenomenological interpretive analysis is preferred. University leaders
and managerial departments should consider market needs and do strategic plan accordingly. Hence, they should develop the strategic thinking capacity of both their academic staff and researchers for short and long terms need of the industry. Results have shown that most universities have wrong perception regarding the strategic model and plan. Neither private nor public universities possess enough knowledge on the subject.
Keywords: Higher education, university and industry partnership, strategic model and planning, higher education management, financing of higher education.

The Business Model Canvas is a strategic management and lean start-up template can be used as aid for developing a new, or analyzing and mapping an existing business model of a company. It is a visual chart with elements describing a firm or product's value proposition, infrastructure, customers, and finances. It assists firms in aligning their activities by illustrating potential trade-offs. It gives a graphic representation of a number of variables that show the values of the organisation.

A business model is a description of how your business intends to operate and make money. Sounds simple, RIGHT?

We live in a hyper-competitive world, where whole industries either shift towards services or become obsolete due to new market entrants, technologies or even social practices. A world, where permanent interactions with customers, fast time-to-market, and the ability to innovate »right« (e.g. the right thing or value) are the key to corporate success. On that score the business sphere isn't getting tired of emphasizing the need for strategic innovation (which means »creating superior customer value«, business model innovations or even the disruption and creation of new markets).

This paper uncovers some of the often overlooked links of design (design thinking, design- driven innovation and service design) to strategic innovation through the lens of »customer value«. It will do so by ...

1) Disenchanting the big corporate rhetoric on above claims by showing that prevailing and too one-sided understandings of strategy and innovation, rather reinforce than escape old industry paradigms.

2) Examining designs still undervalued contributions to strategy-making by approaching business challenges with a user/value-centric and radical service logic.

3) Showing that every dimension of strategic innovation culminates in the concept of perceived user value and meaning, which gets reviewed in detail (dimensions, forms, proper- ties), especially with regards to constructing value propositions.

4) Arguing that the current service design and business model innovation discourses cannot be negotiated separately, as they may be good methodological complements.

So when speaking about the innovation of value for the customer, the paper argues, the above stated and seemingly separated fields intersect. Therefore their most apparent systemic connections and the facilitation of value creation by design are outlined and discussed.

In the modern globalized world, innovation is a
basic prerequisite for economic development and the
preservation of competitiveness. However, there is still
no generally accepted definition of innovation or the
innovation process; individual authors use their own
definitions, often formed from different concepts. This
paper compares these definitions using methods of
analysis and synthesis, constructing its own conceptual
framework of the innovation process reflecting the key
characteristics that are identical or similar in many of the
compared definitions. When constructing a new
definition and model, it is necessary to bear in mind that
innovation is not an isolated activity but rather an entire
process or even sequence of processes. With true
innovation, every partial process must be successfully
completed. This process as a whole becomes the starting
point for further research, measurement and the
management control of innovation performance under the
postdoc research project “Innovation Process Performance
Assessment: a Management Control System Approach in
the Czech Small and Medium-sized Enterprises” No. 13-
20123P of the Czech Science Foundation.

The importance of innovation in economic development is notoriously known all over the world. However, in recent years, a new term attached to this subject has become increasingly relevant: the “eco-innovation”. Eco-innovations are significant tools in innovation strategy because they contribute to the renewal of the whole system, considering social, ecological and economic aspects all together.

The objective of this paper is to present a case study of eco-innovation in Brazil, considered to be a successful case both in competitiveness and sustainability. We chose the cement sector because it involves several environmental issues, especially CO2 emissions. This study was carried out in the Brazilian leader company of the cement market. Based on several key dimensions identified by the analytical framework, a semi-structured questionnaire was developed and used for both interviews and documentary analysis of the company and industry reports.

This is a qualitative research, and its purpose is exploring and understanding the phenomenon of eco-innovation in a Brazilian company, and so providing better familiarity with the subject. The case study's temporality is sectional, with a longitudinal perspective, based on the company's history of innovation in the last five years. Primary and secondary data were used to evaluate innovation initiatives as well as the results in sustainability and competitiveness of the selected company.

Among the various company’s eco-innovation initiatives which were identified, we chose the development of pozzolana addition to cement in order to reduce the use of clinker as the eco-innovation to be analyzed in depth and through the conceptual model. Using the typology of the proposed analytical framework, we evaluated each dimension according to the degree of change.

Based on the evaluations, it was possible to assemble the eco-innovation dashboard, in order to view the features of eco-innovation and also aiming at analyzing the impacts of eco-innovation pozzolana addition to cement in the competitiveness and environmental sustainability of the company.

This paper concludes that eco-innovation involves a combination of elements belonging to various dimensions, and that there are several opportunities for eco-innovation in the cement industry, bringing benefits not only for production processes, but also for companies from other sectors as well as society in general.

Another important point is the role of government which could accelerate and promote good industry practices with simple initiatives such as regulating the use and disposal of waste containing energy power and cementitious properties, avoiding the discard to landfills, and stimulating co-processing not only for industrial waste but also urban waste.


Keywords: Eco-innovation; cement industry; innovation; competitiveness; environmental sustainability; CO2 emissions

Software development pervades all sectors of the economy, from industry to agribusiness and from mining to tourism. Advances in the field of Information Technology (IT) have made possible, through innovations, to create an extensive range of benefits for the market and for society. Based on these notes, this dissertation aims to analyze the importance of innovation for the competitiveness of software development companies’ in the city of Vitória, in the state of Espírito Santo (ES). Under the neo-Schumpeterian theoretical contribution, it shows the particular characteristics of the innovation process and its competitiveness factors. From the competitive strategies of firms, their relevance to the collective development of the segment, its induction to innovation and technological diffusion, its sources of knowledge and information necessary for the process of innovation and learning. It also highlights the international and national dynamics of the segment, considering its innovation initiatives to increase competitiveness in the sector. In addition, it presents an empirical approach where, based on the responses of the companies in the segment, it denotes the process of innovation and importance of innovative initiatives for the development of these companies.

Only a handful of studies on innovation empirically analyze the links between firm innovation and the sources of that innovative activity of sources of innovation on types of innovation. To fill this gap in the literature, this study provides one of the first tests to identify how important sources of new information (suppliers, customers, other business people in the industry, workers, and university) are associated with types of innovations (product, process, and marketing). Data come from the 2014 National Survey of Business Competitiveness sponsored by the Economic Research Service at the United States Department of Agriculture (n ¼ 10,952). The results show that innovation ideas emanating from customers, workers, and universities are positively associated with all types of innovations, suggesting that these sources are critical for developing different types of innovation. In particular, universities as a source of innovation activity are especially important. In contrast, other sources, such as suppliers and people in industry do not seem to be as important as a source of innovation.

This report describes the results of Work package 1 of the INFU research project entitled “Identification of signals”, which aims to identify and collect new forms of innovation patterns. This collection of new forms of innovation patterns serves as base for the subsequent scenarios development process where some signals will be further developed and selected aiming to identiy and discuss trends which may have a signifcant impact for economy and
society and also deserve policy attention. The purpose of work package 1 is to review the academic literature which describes new innovation concepts and to scan various media and other sources for cases and examples which may alter the innovation landscape in the future.

For over fifty years, successive waves of critique have underscored that the apolitical character of much of Political Science research betrays the founding mission of the discipline to have science serve democracy. The Caucus for a New Political Science was originally based on such a critique, and the Perestroika movement in the discipline included a call for more problem-driven as opposed to theory- or method-driven work that would better connect Political Science research to ongoing political struggles. In recent years, movements for a public Sociology and public Anthropology as well as dissonant movements in Economics and related fields have added to the insistence that social science research was too often disconnected from the real world. Phronetic Social Science has emerged out of the ferment for change in the social sciences, starting with the much-debated book by Bent Flyvbjerg, Making Social Science Matter (Cambridge 2001). Flyvbjerg critiqued the social sciences for mimicking the natural sciences while proposing an alternative approach that focuses research on helping people address the problems they are facing in the context they are facing them. Today, Phronetic Social Science goes beyond the call for an alternative approach to social inquiry and its growing adherents are providing evidence that this alternative approach to doing research can enrich the social sciences by more effectively connecting research to efforts to address real world problems as people experience them. This essay provides a genealogy of efforts to connect Political Science to politics, a review of the major critiques of mainstream research, an explication of the rationale for more problem-driven, mixed methods research, a specification of the key principles of the phronetic approach, and examples of its application in the public realm. The essay concludes with implications for realizing a more political Political Science by way of taking a phronetic approach.

Hiring decisions can be risky. How much can employers save by better understanding the motivations and objectives of each applicant?  How much time and expertise should be invested in getting to know each applicant? Will such efforts raise the return on investment?  What are the shortcomings and deficits of the criteria to evaluate, compare and rank applicants?  How do they need to get changed to reflect the shift in the relative order of job skills between employees when the composition of the team (total of all employees) changes by hiring, firing or replacing?  A job description combines tasks and steps to a random set of job responsibilities.  But could there be better ways to bundle tasks together and to look for the most qualified applicant for this particular arbitrarily defined task bundle?  Could the employer benefit from regrouping all small tasks, which a company must perform, by changing which and how many small job tasks will be bundled together in different job descriptions?  And if so, how can reassigning each little tasks from different jobs to the most suitable employee (task-centered approach) instead of looking for the most qualified applicant for a particular job (job-centered approach) help in improving productivity and profitability?  How and why will the new task-centered approach help to increase the workforce diversity more than the job-centered approach?  How can reassigning tasks help disabled and handicapped lacking essential job functions to get hired anyways?  How can employers benefit from not only looking for the most qualified applicant for any particular job (i.e. arbitrarily bundle of tasks and steps) Why does the task-centered based hiring decision benefit employees, employees, applicants and disabled job-seekers more than job-centered based hiring decisions?  What are the benefits to seek the best employee for each task (task-centered) instead of the most qualified applicant for a particular job?  How can employers benefit from a paradigm shift replacing the job-centered with the task-centered hiring perspective?  How can the multi-dimensional effects, which different combinations of employees (i.e. teams) on the overall productivity and profitability be measured?  How much welfare and unemployment benefits could be saved if employers were aware of the additional benefits when making task or employee based hiring decisions instead of exclusively looking for the most qualified applicant?  How can reassigning job-tasks to different employees help applicants to become the most qualified job-seeker despite lacking essential job functions?  How could employers be convinced that they'd benefit most from reassigning tasks from different jobs to the employee most qualified for a particular task instead of only looking for the best applicant for a particular job consisting of an arbitrary bundle of tasks?

Esta presentación tiene por objetivo exponer dos esquemas básicos sobre el desarrollo de las estrategias empresariales, a fin de ofrecer al ejecutivo empresarial un paquete de alternativas para la toma de decisiones de la alta dirección; esto a través de una serie de ejemplos que buscan ilustrar la propuesta específica.

The term ‘phronetic social science’ was coined in Making Social Science Matter (Flyvbjerg 2001). However, as pointed out in that volume and by Schram (2006), phronetic social science existed well before this particular articulation of the concept, but it was just not organized, recognized or named as such. Rather, it occurred here and there as scholars had adopted phronesis-like methods for their own purposes. The present title is the first organized volume of empirical–practical work in phronetic social science. Before Making Social Science Matter, phronesis, as a critical term of Aristotelian philosophy, had been theorized and its continuing importance as a key concept in Western thought had been convincingly argued by distinguished philosophers like Hans Georg Gadamer, Hannah Arendt, Alasdair MacIntyre and Richard J. Bernstein, among others. But no one had developed the theory and philosophy of phronesis into a practical methodology that could be applied by researchers interested in actually practising a phronetic social science. Making Social Science Matter developed such a methodology. Its implications were discussed and developed further in Making Political Science Matter (Schram and Caterino 2006). After these two theoretical–methodological contributions, it was evident that an important next step in demonstrating the usefulness of phronetic social science would be to illustrate, with concrete examples, how applied phronesis works in practical, empirical social science research. The contributions on applied phronesis contained in the present volume make clear that this next step has now been taken.

Preface 
This is a work book for public sector workers, managers and politicians who have decided to renew their work practices, services and organizations. The source of inspiration of this booklet is Professor Arcot Desai Narasimhalu’s previously published work book for entrepreneurs entitled Innovative Entrepreneur’s Work Book (See Narasimhalu 2010b). Aspiring entrepreneurs were encouraged to use the book page by page in order to start from an idea and end with the blueprint for building a company that has a reasonable chance of making a difference to this world. The very same inspiration characterizes this work book, even though the target audience and the context are different.
A need for innovativeness has increased dramatically in public organizations and this trend is likely to continue in the coming years. This is why we agreed to start a project in which we look at innovation management from the point of view of public managers, yet drawing from the experiences and models developed in the business world. This is partly because both theory and practice of public sector innovation is still in its infancy. Thus, in this booklet we apply Narasimhalu’s earlier work to a new terrain. Applying business models serves as an inspiration and heuristics to approach innovation issues from a practical and goal-oriented point of view. There is also need to remind that many public organizations are actually business-like organizations or public enterprises with considerable degree of autonomy, why ideas from business sector work well in guiding their innovation processes. At the same time it is important to keep in mind that anyone using this work book should be selective, for the innovation processes in the public sector can be anything  from standard administrative procedures or services provided by public utilities or contracted service providers to democratic processes of governments.
Our paradigmatic setting is innovation in public services, in which most of the business models work fairly well. Innovation processes can be full of surprises. Thus, rather than using this work book as a guide, it is better to see it as a companion in a creative journey, which goes beyond one-dimensional rationality and narrow-minded management approach. Public sector is a part of a wider societal context, and its innovation processes are best to see as interactive processes that are open and goal-oriented. Innovations matter, for ultimately they help us to create preconditions for better life for us all.
In Tampere and Singapore, February 2013
Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko and Arcot Desai Narasimhalu

There is ferment in the social sciences. After years of sustained effort to build a science of society modelled on the natural sciences, that project, long treated with suspicion by some, is now openly being rethought. A critical intervention in this period of reflection was Making Social Science Matter (MSSM) by Bent Flyvbjerg, published in 2001. In that book Flyvbjerg challenged the very idea of social science as a science modelled on the natural sciences. Flyvbjerg argued that, as the social sciences study human interactions that involve human consciousness, volition, power and reflexivity, attempts to build generalizable, predictive models such as those for the natural world are misplaced and even futile.

A visit to the St. Sophia of Istanbul is like a visit to the nearly 2000 year old history of the city itself. The church is one the finest & most famous examples of Byzantine architecture in the world. It is located in the heart of old Istanbul, next to the also famous Blue Mosque, in the Sultan Ahmet Square of Istanbul. The above photograph above shows the actual view of the Hagia Sophia Church Museum (Aya Sofya Muzesi) as it appears in Istanbul today. Four minarets have been added to Hagia Sophia, after the Ottomans captured Constantinople at 1453 and converted the building from a church into the mosque. Today, Saint Sophia is neither a Church nor a Mosque, but a museum that is open to the public. The Hagia Sophia was built as a Constantinian Church by the emperor Justinian I, between A.D. 532 and 537 and at the time, it was estimated to be the largest covered space in the world. Its architects were Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles. It was built in only five years. On May 558, the dome of the church collapsed due to a December 557 earthquake, and though a new dome was quickly rebuilt afterwards.Hagia Sophia is a Greek phrase that means 'Holy Wisdom'. This ancient basilica was also called Saint Sophia. The Turks call it 'Aya Sofya Muzesi' (Hagia Sophia Museum) or in short, Ayasofya. After its construction ended, Hagia Sophia served as a Church for the following nine centuries, until  Constantinople was invaded and taken over by the Ottomans on the 29th of May, 1453. After this date, the Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque.
Then in 1935, during the first years of the Republic of Turkey, the Mosque was secularized and made into a museum under the direction of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, founder of the Turkish Republic.    It became a national museum, as it remains today.

Understanding the innovation process of new product development (NPD) is expected to support the company's sustainability. This study aims to identify the NPD innovation process in the food and beverage industry in Indonesia. The research method uses a qualitative multiple case study approach in 4 small and medium scale firms in the food and beverage industry in Indonesia. The results show that the NPD innovation process went through several stages, namely: idea generation, filtering idea, concept development , and testing, marketing development and strategy, business analysis, market testing, and commercialization. The results of this study can be used as a reference for companies on the same scale to innovate new products.

Colombia is a country that has achieved significant tourism growth in recent years, However there is limited empirical evidence about its tourism development. Process innovations in tourism enterprises are one of the keys to Colombia maintaining positive tourism development. This empirical study analyzes process innovations in 364 Colombia´s tourism companies. The findings show that Acquisition of new both goods and equipment (The internal process to acquisition of goods and equipment of Company) and Coordination of company´s areas (The internal process to coordination of company's areas to improve) have a significant relationship with Process Innovations in Colombia's Tourist Enterprises. Especially, this study shows that the coordination of the areas of the Colombian touristic companies is those that affect with greater intensity the level of innovation in processes. Therefore, these activities should have a high priority for their execution and continuous improvement in the Colombian touristic companies.

* This research was selected for the special issue of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP), Working Group 8.6 2007 annual conference (see the entry for this conference). This publication is part of the special issue.

Given the importance of contextual influences on the diffusion of innovations, the theories and methodologies that take context into account are increasingly relevant to research and practice. One such approach, the systems of innovation approach, considers context to be a cascading set of effects arising from various participants and innovations surrounding the production and diffusion of a focal innovation. Based on this approach, we focus on a public program involved in the diffusion of e-business systems to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). E-business systems are complex innovations, and the contextual influences are particularly important here, because SMEs often lack the knowledge and resources to strategically adopt, modify, and use these innovations. Using the systems of innovation approach, we examined the contexts around public program interventions with an SME in order to explain their form and influence on e-business adoption processes. The empirical findings suggest that many public programs fail to effectively deliver interventions because program contexts restrict program personnel's ability to completely assess and respond to the range of adopter needs. While some aspects of the program contexts can be altered by the program directors, others are further removed and are currently beyond our collective control at this point-in-time. The implications for diffusion research and practice are discussed.

In recent years, educational technology and innovative programs have been introduced
to many education systems. Although these technologies have a great potential to improve teaching,
learning and management processes especially at higher education, many obstacles and resistance
hinder their implementation. In order to shift towards an entrepreneurial higher education institu-
tion, organisational culture needs to be adapted to the present conditions. Given the importance of
the subject, there is a need for a deeper look into the nature of organisational culture in the context
of its relationships with innovative and technology-based development for educational institutions.
This paper attempts to show and critically analyse the role of organisational culture on the develop-
ment of innovation and technology-based projects (ITBP) at the higher education; particularly by
considering the perceptions of the researchers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 34
researchers from different fields. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used in this
study. Academic people (89%) from well-developed organisation in terms of physical components
had better results in developing innovation and technology when compared to the academic people
from non well-developed cultural organisation. Furthermore, values of the organisation are signifi-
cantly important in order to increase the depthless of the innovation and technology-based projects
development.

In this study, how the innovative career counselling at the career offices of the different universities affects the university students in their career path was critically analysed by studying the different cases of the world universities in the US and in Turkey. The changing atmosphere in the higher education and job environment had critically changed the university students' decision-making processes. Today, the new career counselling approach is needed and called "talent management" in search of alternative perspectives (Capelli, 2008). As Berger and his friends (2011) mention that even though the current talent management literatüre has a too narrow and one-dimensional approach, the innovative career counselling offices develop talent management in order to decrease career conflicts by helping the students in their career decisions. İn the new talent management, the three dimensions are taken into considerations which are namely, majors, talents, and skills. The new perspectives in the career counselling are not only valuable for the development of the students in their fields in general but also essential for the success and reputation of the universities in different contexts. İn order to understand the real effects of innovative career counselling in decision making process of the university students while decreasing their conflicts, the data were collected by using a phenomenological analysis (Moustakas, 1994, p. 2). Hence, the original data were gathered from "naive" descriptions by asking open-ended questions and dialogue. The researcher described the experiences based on reflection and interpretation of the research participant's story. İn this study, the university students (n=48), who studied from seven different universities in the US and in Turkey had participated and answered semi structured interview and focus group questions. Since a few universities had been using talent management, there were some limitations in sampling. Additionally, ali the students were Turkish due to the limitation in reaching ali the students in the US. Furthermore, the results were finalised by processing Atlas.ti 6 in order to understand deeply the complex structure of the role of the career counselling offices on career decisions and career conflicts among the students. As a result, the data show that the new career counselling called in general as talent management had inevitably affected decision making process of the university students in many ways. Even though most (83%) students were happy to contact and to work with the career counselling offices since they had become good in adapting quickly in the changing conditions of the market. The large number (98%) clarified that they had conflicts in choosing right career path, and they tried to choose majors to earn money rather than learn. Hence, in this career decision process only (96%) agreed that career counseling
offices were very well structured in helping to integrate and penetrate into the market. The data showed that the career counselling offices in the US were significantly different than those in Turkey, particularly in understanding the needs and the talents of the students by giving different assessments and in developing the social network with the business world. Even though the students in Turkey had same kind of interests, skills, and talents, they had been living significant conflicts due to the lack of proper career counselling at their universities called "talent management." İn this context, ali the students who study in Turkey were not happy and satisfied and that mentioned that they were living deep career conflicts in the 3rd and 4th grade. However, those students, who studied in the best universities in the US where career-counseling offices were active and well organized, had better self-confidence. In one of these universities, new approach of the career counselling had been using innovatively by taking holisticaily the concept of the career conselling so that all the students clearly mentioned that they did not have negative experience or conflicts in their decisions. They had been involved in their career decision activities while they were studying at the universities by attending actively in workshops, counselling sessions, assessment process, and mentoring.  Berger, L A., & Berger, D. R. (Eds.). (2011).
The Talent Management Handbook: Creating a Sustainable Competitive Advantage by Selecting, Developing, and Promoting the Best People. McGraw-Hill. Cappelli, P. (2008). Talent management for the twenty-first century. harvard business review, 36(3), 74. Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. SAGE Publications, Incorporated.
Key Words: Talent Management, Innovative Career Counselling, Career Counselling Offices, Career Conflicts, and Career Decisions

According to the objectives of the paper, the evaluation was checked together with the participants in semi-structured interviews. Two assessments were given to the students: the strategic talent management and the innovation potential assessment. A control group was used, wherein the students received an innovation potential assessment but not the strategic talent management assessment. There was a vital difference between students who took the strategic talent management assessment and those who did not in assessing their innovation potential. A difference was also seen in the area of flexibility, self-confidence and achievement drive. The research exhibited that the assessment had helped the majority of the participants to get more involved in the needs of the market to make a greater impact in on today’s society since they became more aware of their own skills, talents,
capabilities, and goals.

This short paper present results from literature analysis within post-doc research project called Innovation Process Performance Assessment: a Management Control System Approach in the Czech Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Objective of this paper is to clarify methodological bases of an innovation process. It is an initial phase of this project that becomes basis for further research in the field of innovation performance measurement.

Understanding the innovation process of new product development (NPD) is expected to support the company's sustainability. This study aims to identify the NPD innovation process in the food and beverage industry in Indonesia. The research method uses a qualitative multiple case study approach in 4 small and medium scale firms in the food and beverage industry in Indonesia. The results show that the NPD innovation process went through several stages, namely: idea generation, filtering idea, concept development , and testing, marketing development and strategy, business analysis, market testing, and commercialization. The results of this study can be used as a reference for companies on the same scale to innovate new products.

In the digital age, the new leadership model is needed in the technologically developing schools, mainly in the high schools. In
these educational organizations, the new skills are also asked from the schools’ leaders in order to be highly successful to
meet the new needs of the students as well as the
management. However, most of the schools’ leaders are not ready to deal
with these new expectations and responsibilities since they have been significantly changed and transformed (Hannah &Avolio, 2010).

Integrating social media into the innovation process can open up the potential for organizations to utilize the collective creativity of consumers from all over the world. The research in this paper sets out to identify how social media can facilitate innovation. By taking a Design Science Research approach this research presents the Social Media Innovation Method for matching innovation tasks with social media characteristics. This supports the selection of best suitable social media and can help organizations to achieve their innovation goals. At the core of the method is the honeycomb model which describes seven social media characteristics on three dimensions: audience, content and time. The method has been evaluated by using an approach called scenario walkthrough that is applied in a real-life spatial planning project. This research concludes that there is no one-size-fits-all answer to the question how social media can be of value for the innovation process. However, organiza...

In a global world, it is impossible for a technology- based economy to think independently of other variables, underlying relational environment. In the higher education systems, different environments significantly affect the success of the new start-ups in the universities. In this study we try to look at what effects different interactive ecosystems might possibly have on improving creativity, innovation, patenting and licensing by showing different real-life examples from life sciences. Additionally, the paper tries to look at how exactly ethnographic studies affect participants in the process of creating innovative products. All this is given in a close connection with the interactive ecosystem in which the target participants become more active by developing empathy. Thus, by developing a new in
teractive ecosystem, specifically in the hospitals, participants’
behaviours and attitudes have changed and they have become much more actively engaged in the problems and needs of the health shareholders.
Keywords: Higher education, higher education management,
interactive ecosystems, new trends in higher education,
creativity, innovation patenting and licensing, organizational structure and strategy in higher education, translational research, start-ups for universities.

With a point of departure in the concept "uncomfortable knowledge," this article presents a case study of how the American Planning Association (APA) deals with such knowledge. APA was found to actively suppress publicity of malpractice concerns and bad planning in order to sustain a boosterish image of planning. In the process, APA appeared to disregard and violate APA's own Code of Ethics. APA justified its actions with a need to protect APA members' interests, seen as preventing planning and planners from being presented in public in a bad light. The current article argues that it is in members' interest to have malpractice critiqued and reduced, and that this best happens by exposing malpractice, not by denying or diverting attention from it as APA did in this case. Professions, organizations, and societies that stifle critique tend to degenerate and become socially and politically irrelevant "zombie institutions." The article asks whether such degeneration has set in for APA and planning. Finally, it is concluded that more debate about APA's ethics and actions is needed for improving planning practice. Nine key questions are presented to constructively stimulate such debate.