Multilingual

The main goal of this contribution consists on exploring the Arabic handwriting rules for the purpose of their formalization. The development of Arabic scientific and technical documents processing tools can not be undertaken without such formalization.

As a result of societal and dominant cultural definitions of "normal," individuals have to fight for space and voice for each quality outside this hegemonic definition. (Dis)ability has largely been defined within the medical model, which increases alienation and dismisses (dis)ability from discussions of diversity. The intersection of cultural diversity for multilingual learners and neurodiversity in terms of autism offers a space where the affirmation of all forms of diversity promotes change. Beginning with the role of diversity, as previously defined in multicultural and multilingual settings, the defining of autism is then scrutinized through three lenses: cultural and linguistic diversity, within the medical model, and finally as a form of neurodiversity, which encourages an alternative understanding of autism. Using these lenses, teachers who teach in English language learner programs or otherwise have the power to embrace forms of diversity and ability as a point o...

A study of the limits of multilingual literary expression in print culture. Beginning with the insight that multilingual literature defies simple translation, Brian Lennon examines the resistance multilingual literature offers to book publication. Looking closely at the limit of multilingual literary expression and the literary journalism, criticism, and scholarship that comments on multilingual work, In Babel’s Shadow presents a critical reflection on the fate of literature in a world gripped by the crisis of globalization.

The neurobiology of code-switching Inter-sentential code-switching in an fMRI-study Rita Franceschini, Christoph M. Krick, Sigrid Behrent, and Wolfgang Reith Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrüken One of the most fascinating behaviours that can be observed in ...

The paper provides new data for the presence of Jews from Rus’ in medieval England and contextualizes this presence based on the evidence of contacts between England and Rus’, as well as on the known patterns of Jewish migration between Rus’ and Western Europe and between England and the continent. Knowledge of a Slavic language as demonstrated by Jews from Rus’ in England is witness to Slavic proficiency of remarkable range, from mastering tabooed obscene lexica to literacy in Church Slavonic. The English Cyrillic-Hebrew abecedarium, the earliest piece of evidence, which documents not only political and commercial, but also cultural contacts between England and Rus’, enriches our understanding of the models of Jewish intercultural mediation in the Middle Ages and demonstrates that the wandering and multilingual Jews were thus not only the chief transmitters of Arabic learning in Latin Europe, but may also have been the first attested teachers of Slavic literacy in the West.

The Hybrid edition of the Innovation in Language Learning International Conference will take place on 11-12 November 2021.
The objective of the Conference is to promote transnational cooperation and share good practice in the field of the application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to Language Learning and Teaching. The Innovation in Language Learning Conference is also an excellent opportunity for the presentation of previous and current language learning projects and innovative initiatives.

The Call for Papers is addressed to teachers, researchers and experts in the field of language teaching and learning as well as to coordinators of language teaching and training projects.
Experts in the field of language teaching and learning are therefore invited to submit an abstract of a paper to be presented in the conference.

We propose data and knowledge-driven approaches for multilingual training of the automated speech recognition (ASR) system for a target language by pooling speech data from multiple source languages. Exploiting the acoustic similarities between Indian languages, we implement two approaches. In phone/senone mapping, deep neural network (DNN) learns non-linear functions to map senones or phones from one language to the others, and the transcriptions of the source languages are modified such that they can be used along with the target language data to train and fine-tune the target language ASR system. In the other approach, we model the acoustic information for all the languages simultaneously by training a multitask DNN (MTDNN) to predict the senones of each language in different output layers. The cross-entropy loss function and the weight update procedure are modified such that only the shared layers and the output layer responsible for predicting the senone classes of a language are updated during training, if the feature vector belongs to that particular language. In the low-resourced setting (LRS), 40 hours of transcribed speech data each for Tamil, Telugu and Gujarati languages are used for training. The DNN based senone mapping technique gives relative improvements in word error rates (WERs) of 9.66%, 7.2% and 15.21% over the baseline system for Tamil, Gujarati and Telugu languages, respectively. In medium-resourced setting (MRS), 160, 275 and 135 hours of data for Tamil, Kannada and Hindi languages are used, where, the same technique gives better relative improvements of 13.94%, 10.28% and 27.24% for Tamil, Kannada and Hindi, respectively. The MTDNN with senone mapping based training in LRS, gives higher relative WER improvements of 15.0%, 17.54% and 16.06%, respectively for Tamil, Gujarati and Telugu, whereas in MRS, we see improvements of 21.24% 21.05% and 30.17% for Tamil, Kannada and Hindi languages, respectively. CCS Concepts: • Computing methodologies → Speech recognition.

This article describes how 16 Mozambican languages—and counting—have been brought into primary education in Mozambique through a 2002 curriculum reform, and how they are faring in light of tensions between general aspirations for dominant languages and public demand for bilingual education. Bilingual education based on learners' home languages, as one of three optional “modalities” of the reform, has grown in popularity since piloting in the 1990s, and classroom- and community-level actors are making considerable contributions, assisted by middle-level scholars and organizations. Although official policy has not been accompanied by allocation of resources at the top, it appears that implementational spaces (Hornberger, 2005) are being filled from the stakeholder level, contributing to ownership of bilingual programs and satisfaction with promoting local languages and cultures. Given current limitations at the top and middle, the question is whether the bottom can sustain implementation.

This research aims to determine the ecranization process and the differences in plot, figures, and setting in the form of simplification, addition, or variation changes in the process of adaptation of the 5 CM novel by Donny Dhirgantoro to the film of the same title by director Rizal Mantovani. The method used in this study is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The research data source is the 5 CM novel and the 5 CM film. Data collection techniques are done by reading, watching, and capturing. The analysis guidelines for this research are researchers. The validity of the data used in this study was the validity of discourse. Reliability of data is obtained using the reliability of the test interraters. The results of the study of the 5 CM novel by Donny Dhirgantoro and the 5 CM film by Rizal Mantovani produced an ecranization process that is simplification, addition, and variation changes in the plot, figure, and setting.

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konsep memasak masyarakat Jember yang cukup komples karena sumber daya alam hasil laut dan buminya melimpah. Untuk itu diperlukan analisis MSA untuk menyederhanankannya. Data diperoleh dari wawancara di grup Whatsapp keluarga dari Jember. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah wawancara secara online dan mencatat di kartu data. Melalui wawancara tersebut, ditemukan dua belas data, yaitu godhog ‘rebus’, lup ‘celup’, kukus, goreng, eseng ‘tumis’, sangan ‘sangrai’, nggeng ‘didiamkan di atas api kecil’, dang ‘tanak’, tim, pepe ‘jemur’, rageni ‘fermentasi’, asap. Dalam menentukan subkategori verba “mamasak”, perangkat yang digunakan adalah makna asali dari pendekatan Metabahasa Semantik Alami. Berdasarkan analisis MSA, istilah-istilah memasak tersebut dikelompokkan berdasarkan teknik, sarana, dan hasilnya. Semua leksikon yang memiliki makna “memasak” di atas pola sintaksis MSA: X melakukan sesuatu kepada Y sehingga terjadi sesuatu pa...

Cette contribution cherchera à comprendre l'impact qu'exerce le plurilinguisme d'un écrivain sur sa production littéraire. Pour étudier ce phénomène, les manuscrits des écrivains constituent une voie privilégiée car ils gardent les traces des processus sous-jacents à la production écrite. Plusieurs stratégies d'utilisation des langues par les écrivains (séparation fonctionnelle, mélange, écriture en parallèle…) qui sont observables dans leurs documents de travail seront passées en revue.
Présentation de l'auteur : Olga ANOKHINA est linguiste, chercheur à l'Institut des Textes et Manuscrits Modernes (UMR 8132 CNRS/ENS) et consacre ses recherches à la genèse des oeuvres des écrivains plurilingues. Olga Anokhina s'intéresse également aux aspects cognitifs de la production écrite, du multilinguisme et de la création. Elle a initié et dirigé en 2005-2007 un programme de recherche franco-russe Multilinguisme et genèse des textes. Les résultats de ces recherches ont été publiés en 2012 dans un volume collectif Multilinguisme et créativité littéraire chez Academia Bruylant/Harmattan. Olga Anokhina dirige à l'ITEM l'équipe Multilinguisme, traduction, création.

Having being proposed for the fourth time, the QA at CLEF track has confirmed a still raising interest from the research community, recording a constant increase both in the number of participants and submissions. In 2006, two pilot tasks, WiQA and AVE, were proposed beside the main tasks, representing two promising experiments for the future of QA.Also in the main task some significant innovations were introduced, namely list questions and requiring text snippet(s) to support the exact answers. Although this had an impact on the work load of the organizers both to prepare the question sets and especially to evaluate the submitted runs, it had no significant influence on the performance of the systems, which registered a higher Best accuracy than in the previous campaign, both in monolingual and bilingual tasks. In this paper the preparation of the test set and the evaluation process are described, together with a detailed presentation of the results for each of the languages. The pilot tasks WiQA and AVE will be presented in dedicated articles.

... this paper we will present a trilingual literacy teaching model we developed especially for10th-grade Bedouin students ... writing short essays (Bravick, 19869. Bravick , J. 1986 The development, implementation and evaluation of an ... Working Papers on Bilingualism , 19: 121– ...

ABSTRACT Claiming to rely on “science,” many well-intentioned “experts” offer advice on how to “close the gap”—word gap, language gap, achievement gap—between disadvantaged and advantaged children. Based on both research and personal experience, this advice promises magic solutions to apparently complex and intractable problems by coaching disadvantaged parents in how best to speak to their young children. One significant shortcoming, however, is that the research is often circular, mistaking correlation and causation, and it is based on limited populations—what Henrich et al. (2010) termed WEIRD populations of Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic people, often majority undergraduate college students in North America. The unseen assumptions about what is “natural” or “optimal” may be evident when cross-cultural evidence is brought to contrast with the assumed proper way to socialize children into language—ways familiar to White, middle-class, professional North American practitioners. This article reveals three of the dominant ideologies governing the “gaps” discourse: parochial understandings of language, childhood, and learning. Ultimately, I argue that accepting diverse aspects of all these concepts can give rise to flourishing human beings.

            This study aims to describe how figurative language is used in the lyrics of the song "Throughout Life" by Maher Zain. The methods used in this study include the provision of data, data processing, data analysis. Provision of data with record techniques and note taking techniques, data processing is done by classifying data based on the theory used. The results found are a) lexical metaphors consisting of comparisons of nouns, verbs, and nouns and adverbs; b) grammatical metaphors produce a comparison of common codes and unusual codes with meaning of passive-active, antimony, synonymy.