Names

Difficulties in identification of Latinos from secondary datasets have often been addressed by the use of a Spanish surname list. To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the 1980 U.S. Census Spanish surname list in correctly identifying Latino ethnicity, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of adult members of a prepaid health plan in the San Francisco Bay Area. We compared a randomly selected list of 1345 Spanish surnames and 717 non-Spanish surnames from health plan membership lists with their self-identified race and ethnicity obtained by telephone interviews. The sample was stratified according to surname group (Spanish or non-Spanish), sex, age, and county. Compared with self-identified ethnicity, a Spanish surname was 88.4% sensitive in identifying Latino men and 70.4% sensitive in identifying Latina women. The non-Spanish surname list was 94.1% sensitive and 95.0% specific in correctly identifying non-Latinos. Although the overall negative predictive value was 97.8%, ...

The purpose of this study was to test whether the content and function word dichotomy of speech disfluency found in English-speaking adults who stutter (AWS) was evident in a language other than English. A group of adult Arabic-speaking AWS were sampled across spontaneous speaking, oral reading, and single-word naming tasks. Moments of disfluency were identified and examined in regard to lexical category. Results indicated no significant differences in the amount of disfluency occurring on content and function words. The production of combined content-function words, a unique feature of the Arabic language, was associated with a high level of disfluency. The linguistic bases of stuttering are discussed in regard to language-specific influences.

t has been long speculated by staff working in paediatric emergency medicine that children with unusual first names are more likely to be admitted to hospital compared with other children.
What this study adds

This paper demonstrates that for some categories of first names, this speculation is correct.

Our names send a message about who we are. According to psychologist Albert Mehrabian, a name is ‘like an appendage’ carried for life that ‘can make a distinct pattern of . . . impressions on others’.1 Sigmund Freud went further, asserting that ‘a human being's name is the principal component in her person, perhaps a piece of her soul’.2 Mehrabian suggests that the naming of a child is ‘by far, the single most important element for a parent to consider in his or her efforts to manage the impressions the child makes on the outside world’. After a number of years working in paediatrics, and particularly in paediatric emergency medicine, it has been our anecdotal impression that children with unusual first (or given) names may be over-represented in the patients admitted for inpatient care after presenting to the emergency department (ED) of our paediatric tertiary hospital.
Could it be that a child's name might influence the outcome of a medical consultation or be predictive of the likelihood of admission?

It is now commonplace to see surnames written in the Irish language in Ireland, yet there is no online resource for checking the standard spelling and grammar of Irish-language surnames. We propose a data structure for handling Irish-language surnames which comprises bilingual (Irish–English) clusters of surname forms. We present the first open, data-driven linguistic database of common Irish-language surnames, containing 664 surname clusters, and a method for deriving Irish-language inflected forms. Unlike other Irish surname dictionaries, our aim is not to list variants or explain origins, but rather to provide standard Irish-language surname forms via the web for use in the educational, cultural, and public spheres, as well as in the library and information sciences. The database can be queried via a web application, and the dataset is available to download under an open licence. The web application uses a comprehensive list of surname forms for query expansion. We envisage the d...

As a part of a wider analysis of population and genetic exchange between Spain and Portugal, the long-term pattern of Portuguese immigration to the Canary Islands was studied by means of the frequency of Portuguese surnames. A database of 1,995,833 individuals was obtained from the Spanish National Statistics Institute (2006). Among the 826 most frequent surnames to appear, 79 surnames of Portuguese origin were selected. The distribution of these surnames by municipalities and islands, the Fisher index of diversity, and the Lasker inter-population relationship coefficients R(ij) were considered. These coefficients were inter-correlated and correlated with other variables that could have influenced the distribution of surnames. From the observed distribution of the frequency of surnames, a non-random migration pattern conditioned by economic factors was found. The greatest diversity of surnames existed in cane cultivating areas after the first arrival of Portuguese immigrants. A later dispersion of surnames among islands was correlated with the inter-island geographic distances. In some islands the arrival of new immigrants continued due to their strategic location within the Canary archipelago. The Canary Islands reveal a high frequency and diversity of Portuguese surnames. The results also prove a heterogeneous distribution of these surnames throughout the archipelago. In contrast to the Portuguese archipelagos, some Canary localities have received immigrants continuously because of their economic importance in sugar cane cultivation and strategic geographic location on the maritime routes to Africa and America.

Previous event-related potentials (ERP) studies on the processing of emotional information in sentence/discourse context have yielded inconsistent findings. An important reason for the discrepancies is the different lexico-semantic properties of the emotional words. The present study controlled for the lexico-semantic meaning of emotional information by endowing the same person names with either positive or negative valence. ERPs were computed for positively and negatively valenced person names that were either congruent or incongruent to previous emotional contexts. We found that positive names elicited an N400 effect while negative names elicited a P600 effect in response to the incongruence. These results suggest that the integration of positive and negative information into emotional context exhibits different time courses, with a relatively delayed integration for negative information. Our study demonstrates that using person names constitutes a new and improved tool for invest...

Recently, Japanese names given to children are said to be undergoing dramatic change, particularly in the ways that they use kanji, making them difficult to read. Criticism of such names—often called DQN neemu （‘stupid/ill-educated names’） or kirakira neemu （‘glittery names’）—has been generally negative, focusing on a perceived ignorance of parents for using kanji‘ inappropriately’ and their lack of consideration for those who must read them. However, by looking at how such names are talked about in the media and their emergence as a phenomenon, I show that such criticism may not be entirely fair, particularly in that it has primarily been made not by parents or children involved in the giving of such names, but by third parties lacking a full vision of the naming process. In addition, criticism of new names has generally lacked appropriate consideration of history and processes of change, in the sense that it tends to be based on faulty considerations of (1) previous naming practices and (2) how such changes will affect the name-landscapes, so to speak, of the future. Instead, I suggest that new names may be seen as part of the larger discourse on youth problems, thus locating the sense of crisis often expressed within their criticism within a larger framework of socialization and social change.

近年においては、日本の名前が大きく変わりつつあると言われており、最近の名前の新しい特徴として、漢字の用法が特殊で、一般的に読みにくいことが挙げられている。「DQN ネーム」や「キラキラネーム」とも呼ばれている新しい名前に対する批判が、通常でない漢字の読みを用いること・それらの名前を読まないといけない他者のことを充分配慮していないことに着目しており、全体的に厳しい。しかしながら、新しい名前のメディアにおける語られ方や、現象としての出現を考察することにより、そういった批判的評価は必ずしも適切なものではないことが明らかになる。とくに、新しい名前の評価が名付け親でも名付けられた子どもでもない第三者を中心に行われているため、名付ける理由と背景が充分に考慮されていないと考えられる。さらに、過去の名付けの傾向と今後の変遷の推移が把握し難いため、名前に対する批判が歴史性に欠けていることが指摘できる。こういったことを踏まえ、新しい名前が若者問題の一つと考えられ、名付けにおける変遷を社会化・社会変化というより大きな枠組みの中に位置付けることができると論じる。

A paper to be presented at the American Name Society Conference https://www.americannamesociety.org/conferences/
January 21-23, 2022, online

This paper provides an overall picture of Bulgarian children's folk dance groups/ensembles' names in North America.  It interprets data from interviews with leaders of such children ensembles while resting on a previously conducted study on Bulgarian dance groups for adults. The researcher proposes that investigating such a topic (of the names of Bulgarian children dance groups in North America) touches upon unexplored aspects of names, dance, and migration studies. This approach is especially contributive to the studies of cultural transmission.

Public demand and the development of large public and private databases of genetic information across human populations has encouraged the development of the new and rapidly growing field of genetic ancestry testing. Both the promise of the science that underlies this field and a lack of a full understanding of its limitations have fuelled the increased public interest in genetic

The paper examines the questions surrounding the translation of proper nouns from an onomastic
viewpoint blended with the results of translation studies, following a functional-communicational
approach. Its goal is to create a model, which contains not only the applicable methods available to
translators, but the (pragmatic and communicational) aspects and factors that could affect choosing
between these. The novelty of the study is that it takes the meaning (denotation and connotation),
the category (e.g. personal name) and sub-category (e.g. family name) of proper nouns into consideration,
following the practices of prototype theory. Another innovative approach is the emphasise
lain on the influence of composition on the translation of names. According to this, names
consisting of several words should not be handled as single units, as earlier studies have considered
them, but following a two-step method: first holistically (e.g. the Eng. Flint Cliffs : Hung.
Flint-sziklák, a place name), and then morphologically, while defining the categories of the name
elements (e.g. Flint is a family name, cliffs is a common noun). This shows that translators are not
completing a single operation but a combination of operations (transference in the case of the given
name, and translation in the case of the common noun). Translations previously deemed ununderstandably
heterogenous can thus be explained by applying this methodology.

El origen del apellido LÓPEZ es un extracto del libro Karuo el secreto ibero, por el cual Enrique Cabrejas o Enric Cabrejas nos relata de modo llano su experiencia personal con lo extraordinario de un descubrimiento. El 21 de Abril de 2012 consiguió lo que parecía imposible: Descifrar la escritura ibérica. El hallazgo más relevante de la cultura universal en nuestro país de los últimos tiempos, sin lugar a dudas. Un hito en la historia de la escritura sin precedentes. Desde este mismo instante la obra Karuo de Enrique Cabrejas lo convierte en un referente destacado a nivel mundial en historia y lingüística. Los innumerables datos, explicaciones, pruebas y significados que nos reporta nunca conocidos antes, son una referencia obligada para todos aquellos que quieran comprender la historia, la lengua antigua e incluso también la moderna de nuestro país o para quienes en el futuro deseen estudiarla e investigarla en profundidad, más si cabe desde el mundo académico.

День рождения и имя собственное — едва ли не самый очевидный зачин для рассказа о судьбе того или иного исторического лица. Однако обратившись к эпохе, которую принято называть Смутным временем, мы вдруг обнаруживаем, что далеко не всегда эти имена и значимые даты нам известны, даже если речь идет о правителях, не один год занимавших московский престол. Филологическое расследование требует здесь почти детективного подхода, но именно оно позволяет увидеть совершенно неожиданные стороны духовной и обиходной жизни Московской Руси. Главными героями нашей книги стали Борис Годунов и члены его семьи, но речь здесь пойдет отнюдь не только о них — мы попытаемся рассказать о расцвете и упадке целой традиции многоименности, охватывающей несколько столетий и столь много значившей для человека русского Средневековья.

In the medieval Russian anthroponymic system, a lay person could have several names simultaneously. The public name of a person was not always their baptismal forename. Also, recent research has shown that the full sets of personal names of some of the Russian tsars and their relatives are still unknown to us, not to mention the names of the ruling elite of the state. These unknown names, however, were extremely important to their bearers – these were the names used in confessions, weddings, and funeral services; patronal icon would be commissioned and churches built in honor of the name of one’s saint and namesake. The baptismal forename, essentially a mystery to us, was actually perceived as the main and true name of an individual. In this paper we investigate the names of one of the most wellknown people of the second half of the 16th century – Andrej Ščelkalov, a man of rather humble birth but of great power, a long-lived administrator called “the chancellor,” “the minister” or even “the tsar” by his contemporaries. Moreover, we attempt to discuss this particular name-giving case within the broader anthroponymic context of the era.

European diplomatic sources from the early 17th century provide us with previously unaccounted for data on Russian history. Thanks to a report by Georg Tectander, a member of Emperor Rudolph ii’s mission to Russia, we can now establish the exact date of birth for Boris Godunov. An unpublished manuscript by Tectander’s contemporary and compatriot, Baron Heinrich von Logau, who visited the Tsardom of Russia at the same time, allows us to verify this date as well as to broaden our perspective on everyday life and ceremonial of the royal court, on the Tsar’s personal piety and on the status of the ancient tradition of celebrating birthdays and name days. Moreover, analyzing various calendars used by the diplomats of that era allows us to ascertain that one’s preference for the Gregorian or Julian calendar was not defined by national strategies only but remained a matter of personal choice that was subject to change during one’s life

This study focuses on the interaction between Russian prin¬ces and nomadic Cumans (Qipčaqs, Polovcians). The starting point of our work are names and family ties of indi¬vi¬dual Cumans captured in the oldest Russian chronicles which re¬pre¬sent "minimum quanta" of the historical information. N. M. Ka¬ramzin in the notes to his History drew attention to the fact that some of the names of the Cuman families repre¬sen¬tatives are obviously associated with Russia. These "Rus¬sian" names, in our opinion, are the most important indicator of the cross-dynastic interaction, contacts between Russia and the nomadic world. What is the composition of the corpus of Russian names of Cuman elite representatives? In essence, it consists of only a very limited number of an¬throponyms: Yuri (George), Daniil, Roman, Gleb, Yaropolk, Da¬vyd (?), Vasili. It is crucial that all of these names are re¬gu¬lar¬ly used as dynastic by the Rurikids in the 11th — begin¬ning of 13th century. Most of the names, borrowed by Cumans from Rus¬sians, are Christian names. At the same time attention is drawn to the non-trivial dis¬tribution reflected in the information of sources; while dis¬co¬vering Christian names of some representatives of the highest Cuman nobility, we do not find any mention of the fact that any of the owners of these names, their fathers and other close male relatives took baptism. On the contrary, they are con¬sistently characterized as pagans. Moreover, ancient chro¬nicles contain no reports of Cuman princes taking bap¬tism until the beginning of the Tataro-Mongol invasion. Interestingly, Christian names of those few Cumans of whose conversion we can speak more or less confidently can¬not be found in any records, whether it is a Cuman wife of a Russian prince, an anonymous monk of Kiev-Pechersk Mona¬ste¬ry, an author of an inscription on the church wall or a power¬ful Cuman Prince, who was baptized on the eve of the Battle of the Kalka. In our work we have sought to demonstrate that the cause of the appearence of Russian names in this environ¬ment is a cross-dynastic, intergenic anthroponymic communi¬ca¬tion, a desire to consolidate the alliance with the Russian princes, but not a conversion of the male representatives of the Cuman elite. The set of "Russian" names used by Cumans allows us to determine the circle of their "anthroponymical donors" among the Rurikids and identify a number of rules and laws on which this communication in the language of names was carried out.

Русскую историю второй половины XI — начала XIII в. попросту невозможно изложить без постоянного упоминания половцев. Взаимодействие с этими кочевниками, однако, не сводилось к прямому военному противостоянию. Рюриковичи с самого начала стремились использовать «атомную энергию» половецких кланов в собственной внутридинастической борьбе, не переставая, впрочем, время от времени объединяться в общерусских походах на половцев. При этом на протяжении многих десятилетий русские князья женились на половчанках, гостили у своих степных союзников и принимали их у себя, вырабатывали общие дипломатические практики и церемониалы. Одним из воплощений русско-половецкого взаимодействия, своеобразным сгустком династической истории, оказываются «русские» имена, неожиданно появляющиеся у половецких князей. Корпус этих имен относительно невелик, но история их функционирования позволяет выявить многие важные аспекты в том переплетении «своего» и «чужого», которое характеризует сосуществование русского правящего рода и половецкой элиты на протяжении почти двухсотлетнего периода.

A sample of 416 males from western and eastern Andalusia has been jointly analyzed for surnames and Y-chromosome haplogroups and haplotypes. The observed number of different surnames was 222 (353 when the second surname of the Spanish system of naming is considered). The great majority of recorded surnames have a Castilian-Leonese origin, while Catalan or Basque surnames have not been found. A few Arab-related surnames appear but none discernible of Sephardic-Jewish descent. Low correlation among surnames with different population frequencies and Y-chromosome markers, at different levels of genetic resolution, has been observed in Andalusia. This finding could be explained mainly by the very low rate of monophyletic surnames because of the historical process of surname ascription and the resulting high frequencies of the most common Spanish surnames. The introduction of surnames in Spain during the Middle Ages coincided with Reconquest of the territories under Islamic rule, and Musl...

В исследовательской литературе сложилось мнение, что в связи
с женитьбой Петра I и его брата Ивана каждый из их тестей полу-
чал новое имя Федор. В работе предлагается принципиально иной
взгляд на это ономастическое событие — оно рассматривается
в общем контексте эволюции системы имянаречения в России на
пороге Нового времени.