Parent-Child Relationship

This chapter argues that there is a collective responsibility to have enough children in order to ensure that people will not, in the future, suffer great harm due to depopulation. Moreover, if people stopped having children voluntarily, it could be legitimate for states to incentivize and maybe even coerce individuals to bear and rear children. Various arguments against the enforceability of an individual duty to bear and rear children are examined. Coercing people to have children would come at significant moral cost; however, none of the arguments against enforceability seem decisive. The existence of a collective responsibility to have children bears on the question of whether parents and non-parents ought to shoulder the costs of childbearing and child rearing together.

In philosophy, there are two competitor views about the nature and value of childhood: The first is the traditional, deficiency, view, according to which children are mere unfinished adults. The second is a view that has recently become increasingly popular amongst philosophers, and according to which children, perhaps in virtue of their biological features, have special and valuable capacities, and, more generally, privileged access to some sources of value. This article provides a conceptual map of these views and their possible interpretations, and notes their bearing on issues of population ethics and on the duties that we are owed during childhood.

Il Libro intitolato Il coraggio delle cicatrici: Storia di mio figlio Arturo e della nostra lotta, edito per Utet nel 2020, di Maria Luisa Iavarone, professoressa di pedagogia sperimentale all’Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, e di Nello Trocchia, giornalista e scrittore, è un lavoro che, per parola degli stessi Autori, si colloca a metà tra “narrazione emotiva e cronaca giudiziaria”.

In this study links between spousal and parent-child relationships among Finnish (n = 157 couples) and Dutch (n = 276 couples) dual earners with young children were examined using paired questionnaire data. Variable-oriented analyses (structural equation modeling with a multigroup procedure) supported the spillover hypothesis, as higher levels of satisfaction in the spousal relationship were related to higher quality in

This study examined differences on major aspects of attaining adult status in the transition from adolescence into young adulthood. The attainment of developmental tasks and the quality of parent–child relationships were compared across adolescence and young adulthood. In addition, the extent to which relationships with parents are related to the attainment of young adulthood developmental tasks was also investigated. The study was conducted on 169 Israeli adolescents, early young adults, and late young adults. Results showed that developmental tasks are attained at different stages, and that the consolidation of adult status is achieved closer to the end of the third decade of life. Relationships with parents were found to be more positive following the transition from adolescence to early young adulthood. Adaptation of young adults was explained by the quality of relationships with parents and especially with fathers.

Page 1. Infant and Child Development Inf. Child Dev. 14: 327–343 (2005) Published online 23 December 2004 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/icd.393 Construction and Maintenance of Parent–Child Relationships: ...

This study examined whether detrimental childhood relationships with parents were related to partner relationship quality and emotional adjustment in adulthood. The authors tested a theoretical model in which (a) low-quality parent–child relationships were related to conflict and low-quality communication with parents in adolescence, (b) parent–adolescent conflict and low-quality communication were linked to low-quality partner relationships in young adulthood, and (c)

Daniel N. Stern’s research on the first years of life offers the view of an active newborn, developing in a continuous dialogue with the Other. The mother places the infant feelings at the center of her attention. The infant gets in tune with the mother, and learns that she welcomes and understands his inner states. Such attunement is a primary holistic experience, taking place because of the infant innate ability to perceive the “interpersonal happenings” as a unitary Gestalt, emerging “from the theoretically separate experiences of movement, force, time, space and intention”. Large convergence exists between Daniel Stern’s developmental psychology and Gestalt psychology: both view the infant development occurring within an inter-subjective matrix, not as a process with phases or stages, but rather as a progressive organization of structures.

Our objective with this study was to identify the nature and the role of spirituality from the parents' perspective at the end of life in the PICU and to discern clinical implications. A qualitative study based on parental responses to open-ended questions on anonymous, self-administered questionnaires was conducted at 3 PICUs in Boston, Massachusetts. Fifty-six parents whose children had died in PICUs after the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies participated. Overall, spiritual/religious themes were included in the responses of 73% (41 of 56) of parents to questions about what had been most helpful to them and what advice they would offer to others at the end of life. Four explicitly spiritual/religious themes emerged: prayer, faith, access to and care from clergy, and belief in the transcendent quality of the parent-child relationship that endures beyond death. Parents also identified several implicitly spiritual/religious themes, including insight and wisdom; reliance on...

The authors have used Gestalt empty-chair techniques in social work settings, helping Asian clients who may be nonexpressive to deal with bereavement issues, to confront parent–child relationship issues, and to express feelings toward personal losses. The applications of various empty-chair methods are based on four characteristics of many Asian clients: (1) connecting the meaning of “shame” in therapeutic interventions, (2) avoiding the loss of “face” in confronting relatives and friends, (3) using alternative and complementary means to replace traditional therapy and direct confrontation, and (4) using inner control and spirituality in resolving interpersonal guilt and conflict. From concrete evidence with their Asian clients, the authors illustrate specific therapeutic steps with practice dialogues to help practitioners develop culturally-sensitive skills in the process of using empty-chair techniques. These dialogues support positive outcomes in (1) responding to the therapeutic exercise, (2) engaging in therapeutic work on their issue, (3) responding to treatment within one session and showing progress within two sessions, and (4) expressing emotions or unresolved conflict throughout the therapeutic journey. Practice implications are drawn from the strength of Gestalt techniques to design culturally-sensitive principles with Asian clients and families.

This easy-to-read, comprehensive guide contains what you need to know on how to parent with ‎confidence. Packed with advice and powerful tips, using the latest research on child development and ‎parenting techniques, it offers a mine of information on how to let children flourish, take the ‎frustration out of parenting and develop happy family relations. Authors provide guidance on ‎developing character, knowledge, values, and skills, as well as a faith-based outlook in children, ‎benefitting parents with kids of all ages. The many strategies and techniques offered include teaching ‎children how to problem-solve, make decisions, and develop self-esteem. Raising God conscious, moral, ‎successful children, with a sense of civic responsibility in today’s world is not easy. It is also not ‎impossible. Effective parenting is the key. ‎

Most importantly the book proposes Islamic solutions to problematic issues in raising children. I was impressed ‎‎with the comprehensive coverage of most available theories of child development. Authors have not missed talking ‎‎about the common misconceptions of popular psychology.‎

Dr. Kutaiba Chaleby, Child Psychiatrist, certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. He is also ‎former Head, Section of Psychiatry, King Faisal Hospital and Research Center, Saudi Arabia.‎

One of the most insightful and comprehensive books on effective parenting. The work tackles issues in the home ‎‎environment and the experiential world of children and has the ingredients to transform families across the globe. ‎

Edris Khamissa, International Consultant in Education and Human Development ‎

The book has many outstanding features and I say this as an author of many books on the subject of parenting and ‎‎family matters, which have been translated into various languages. Presents many resources and valuable references ‎‎to help parents, points out the proper sense of fulfilment for children and emphasizes that this should come from ‎‎community attachment and involvement as well as a family bond, and offers a great list of activities at the end of ‎‎each chapter, which, if applied by parents, will ensure a healthy and positive family atmosphere.‎

Dr. Mohamed R. Beshir, member of the advisory board of SIFCA “Shura of Islamic Family Counselors of ‎America.” Also, Advisor to the Muslim Association of Canada (MAC) and the Muslim American Society (MAS) ‎departments on Tarbiyah matters.‎

The book encourages parenting by both the Father and Mother versed in family communication. The investment ‎of ‎time, effort, love and understanding in raising children who will have their own personalities is emphasized ‎‎repeatedly. The Qur’anic references in this book are good and make the point without overwhelming the larger ‎‎message. Clearly the authors have an impressive religious background and they marshal their arguments well. It ‎‎would not surprise me if parts of the book were extracted and summarized for seminars, counselling and other ‎‎tasks.‎

Paul Henry Tyson, retired US Foreign Service Officer who has worked in
Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.‎

This paper is concerned with the social ills of bullying and cyberbullying that might lead to suicide especially when adolescents are involved. First, I explain the two concepts. It is noted that people with monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA) have propensity to antisocial behaviour, and that they cannot relieve themselves of responsibility for their conduct. We all need to think of the consequences of our actions, and we need to ensure that Internet abusers are held accountable for their wrongdoing. It is argued that parental responsibility is paramount. Parents, and society at large, need to exhibit zero tolerance to bullying and cyberbullying. Parents need to take active steps to tackle both phenomena and, in this context, healthy communication with children and other stakeholders are keys for success. Disregard for consequences of both activity and inactivity when facing all forms of bullying is immoral.

Homeschooling students can experience academic stress. Parent-child relationship, self-esteem, and also academic self-efficacy are assumed as factors influencing the academic stress. Do parent-child relationship, self-esteem, and academic self-efficacy have effect simultaneously to homeschooling students' self-regulated learning? The purpose of this study is to measure the influence of parent-child relationship, self-esteem, and academic self-efficacy to academic stress on homeschooling students. The direct and indirect effect can be seen from the empirical model when fit the data. Subjects are 87 homeschooling students in Tangerang. Academic stress constructed from Ang et.al. (2009) (α = 0.875), academic self-efficacy constructed from Bandura (1997) (α = 0.907), self-esteem constructed from Rosenberg (1965) (α = 0.758), parent-child relationship constructed from Brook et.al. (2012) (α = 0.875). Structural Equation Model is used to analyze the data. The empirical model has goodness of fit. It explains the influence of parent-child relationship, self-esteem, and academic self-efficacy to academic stress on homeschooling students. The result shows that parent-child relationship has no direct effect to academic stress or indirect effect through academic self-efficacy. On the other hand there is indirect effect from parent-child relationship to academic stress through self-esteem. Parent-child relationship, self-esteem, and academic self-efficacy are good predictors to homeschooling students' academic stress. But parent-child relationship only effects students' academic stress through self-esteem and not strong enough to effects academic stress through academic self-efficacy. At this point, parents play important role to build positive self-esteem related to the homeschooling activities.

This study evaluated the effect of parent-child relationship quality (acceptance and differential treatment) over dimensions of the quality of sibling relationships (warmth and conflict) and psychological adjustment in 69 adolescent sibling dyads. The effects of parent-child relationships were ...

ABSTRACT This study examined the association between generativity and psychological well-being for a subsample of 1882 mid- to late-life parents using the MIDUS data set. Guided by Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, we tested a structural model of psychological well-being that also included direct and indirect effects (via generativity) of remembered pre-adult relationships with parents and current parental experiences with offspring on well-being. Respondents who recalled positive, trusting relationships with parents in childhood reported more positive parental experiences with their adult offspring and better psychological well-being. Current parental experiences had both indirect and direct effects on well-being too, but generativity had the strongest direct effects. Thus, it appears that the achievement of generativity plays a substantial role in well-being in mid- and late life. Findings also reveal that the impact of generativity on well-being is stronger for females than males. Implications for intervention with older adults, such as promoting volunteer work, are discussed.

Evaluating parents in the context of possible abuse or neglect involves unique challenges. This paper describes a practice model for conducting clinical evaluations of parents' ability to care for young children (under age 8). Core features of the model include (a) a focus on parenting qualities and the parent–child relationship, (b) a functional approach emphasizing behaviors and skills in everyday performance, and (c) application of a minimal parenting standard. Several factors complicate the assessment task, namely, the absence of universally accepted standards of minimal parenting adequacy, the coercive context of the assessment, the scarcity of appropriate measures, difficulties predicting future behavior, and the likely use of the evaluation in legal proceedings. In the proposed model, the evaluator (a) clarifies specific referral questions in advance; (b) uses a multimethod, multisource, multisession approach; (c) organizes findings in terms of parent–child fit; (d) prepares an objective, behaviorally descriptive report that articulates the logic for the evaluator's clinical opinions regarding the referral questions; and (e) refrains from offering opinions regarding ultimate legal issues. The paper describes requisite skills needed to conduct parental fitness evaluations, sample methods, and a protocol for writing the evaluation report.

This easy-to-read, comprehensive guide contains what you need to know on how to parent with ‎confidence. Packed with advice and powerful tips, using the latest research on child development and ‎parenting techniques, it offers a mine of information on how to let children flourish, take the ‎frustration out of parenting and develop happy family relations. Authors provide guidance on ‎developing character, knowledge, values, and skills, as well as a faith-based outlook in children, ‎benefitting parents with kids of all ages. The many strategies and techniques offered include teaching ‎children how to problem-solve, make decisions, and develop self-esteem. Raising God conscious, moral, ‎successful children, with a sense of civic responsibility in today’s world is not easy. It is also not ‎impossible. Effective parenting is the key. ‎

Most importantly the book proposes Islamic solutions to problematic issues in raising children. I was impressed ‎‎with the comprehensive coverage of most available theories of child development. Authors have not missed talking ‎‎about the common misconceptions of popular psychology.‎

Dr. Kutaiba Chaleby, Child Psychiatrist, certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. He is also ‎former Head, Section of Psychiatry, King Faisal Hospital and Research Center, Saudi Arabia.‎

One of the most insightful and comprehensive books on effective parenting. The work tackles issues in the home ‎‎environment and the experiential world of children and has the ingredients to transform families across the globe. ‎

Edris Khamissa, International Consultant in Education and Human Development ‎

The book has many outstanding features and I say this as an author of many books on the subject of parenting and ‎‎family matters, which have been translated into various languages. Presents many resources and valuable references ‎‎to help parents, points out the proper sense of fulfilment for children and emphasizes that this should come from ‎‎community attachment and involvement as well as a family bond, and offers a great list of activities at the end of ‎‎each chapter, which, if applied by parents, will ensure a healthy and positive family atmosphere.‎

Dr. Mohamed R. Beshir, member of the advisory board of SIFCA “Shura of Islamic Family Counselors of ‎America.” Also, Advisor to the Muslim Association of Canada (MAC) and the Muslim American Society (MAS) ‎departments on Tarbiyah matters.‎

The book encourages parenting by both the Father and Mother versed in family communication. The investment ‎of ‎time, effort, love and understanding in raising children who will have their own personalities is emphasized ‎‎repeatedly. The Qur’anic references in this book are good and make the point without overwhelming the larger ‎‎message. Clearly the authors have an impressive religious background and they marshal their arguments well. It ‎‎would not surprise me if parts of the book were extracted and summarized for seminars, counselling and other ‎‎tasks.‎

Paul Henry Tyson, retired US Foreign Service Officer who has worked in
Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.‎