Publich Health

In a recent short report, the necessity of sophisticated practices in gathering records that would facilitate data sharing yields data-driven analysis in time of COVID-19. Consequently, there is a need to present the truth in data analytics in the era of COVID-19. This paper discusses the urgent call for people handling the COVID-19 data to be ethically responsible in their handling, processing, and reporting that impacts the lives of ordinary people especially in this time of pandemic as public health crisis.

In a recent short report, the necessity of sophisticated practices in gathering records that would facilitate data sharing yields data-driven analysis in time of COVID-19. Consequently, there is a need to present the truth in data analytics in the era of COVID-19. This paper discusses the urgent call for people handling the COVID-19 data to be ethically responsible in their handling, processing, and reporting that impacts the lives of ordinary people especially in this time of pandemic as public health crisis.

TK Al Asri  Makassar merupakan TK yang berada di Kecamatan Panakukkang yang memiliki beberapa peserta didik yang aktif. TK ini merupakan salah satu program pemerintah tentang pengadaan Paud/TK Lorong memudahkan para orang tua untuk mendapatkan tempat pendidikan buat anak mereka tanpa harus jauh dari jangkauan.
Pengabdian Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberi pengetahuan kepada para orang tua murid, guru, maupun murid itu sendiri tentang pentingnya gizi seimbang, mengingat anak TK adalah anak yang berada pada masa pertumbuhan, sehingga memerlukan porsi yang sesuai dengan usia mereka.
Metode pendekatan/solusi yang ditawarkan dalam program ini yaitu peningkatan pengetahuan tentang gizi seimbang bagi orang tua, guru, dan peserta didik dengan cara penyuluhan. Selain itu, diadakan pemberian PMT berupa bubu kacang hjjau sebagai contoh makanan yang simple tetapi kaya akan zat gizi yaitu protein nabati.
Prosedur kerja untuk realisasi metode yang ditawarkan yaitu melakukan diskusi dengan kepala sekolah TK Al Asri, melakukan penyuratan selanjutnya menyusun jadwal kegiatan. Target luaran dari kegiatan ini adalah peningkatan pengentahun tentang gizi seimbang untuk orang tua, guru, dan peserta didik. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian kemudian didokumentasikan dan dilaporkan pada LPPM.

This paper uses a unique data set containing detailed micro-information on organisations, managers, workers and volunteers belonging to public, private forprofit and private nonprofit institutions delivering social services in Italy. The analysis aims to estimate the determinants of wages across organisations at a sector level focusing on the role of hiring and job search methods, including informal networks. We find that, independent of the organisation type, being hired through public competitions brings with it a substantial wage premium (ranging from 7 to 32%). Informal networks bring with them a wage penalty (-6.5%) in the state sector, where formal hiring methods are common, and a wage premium (6.3%) in social cooperatives and religious institutions, where formal hiring methods are not common. Interestingly, the differences in hiring and in job search methods between state and private organisations explain from 50% to 100% of the conditional wage differentials across organisation types. Our interpretation of these findings is that nonprofit organisations prefer informal recruitment methods not for nepotistic reasons, but to better select the most motivated workers, those who share the nonprofit mission. This paper adds to the previous literature by suggesting that in addition to lower than average monetary compensations, informal recruitment methods are part of the process of self-selection of motivated workers in nonprofit organisations.

Background American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) have the highest obesity prevalence in the United States, but the influence of early childhood variables on body mass index (BMI) is not well understood. Previous studies have investigated the association between breastfeeding in infancy and offspring BMI, but rarely included AI/ANs.
Objective This study investigated the association between breastfeeding in infancy and BMI in AI/AN and non-Hispanic White (NHW) adolescents and young adults. 
Design Longitudinal analysis based on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1994-2008).
Participants Adolescent respondents who self-identified as AI/AN or NHW, reported their height and weight, and whose parents completed the parental questionnaire. The final sample included 655 AI/AN and 10,305 NHW respondents.
Statistical analyses performed Generalized estimating equations were used to measure the mean differences, 95% confidence intervals, and p-values of the association between breastfeeding in infancy and offspring BMI in adolescence, stratifying by race, and adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic variables.
Results The length of breastfeeding was inversely associated with BMI in both populations. AI/ANs that were breastfed 6 to 12 months or more than 12 months had an average BMI 2.69 (95% CI -3.46, -1.92; p<0.01) and 1.54 (95% CI -2.75, -0.33; p<0.05) units lower than those that were never breastfed. NHWs that breastfed for 3 to 6 months, 6 to 12 months, or more than 12 months had a mean BMI 0.71 (95% CI -0.93, -0.50; p<0.01), 0.68 (95% CI -0.87, -0.50; p<0.01), and 0.85 (95% CI -1.09, -0.62; p<0.01) units lower than those that were never breastfed. The association between the length of breastfeeding and offspring BMI varied by race (p<0.01). 
Conclusion Breastfeeding in infancy is associated with a lower mean BMI. Future research should investigate causal pathways and whether interventions promoting breastfeeding in AI/ANs can prevent increasing BMI.

Background: HIV prevention programs across the world have considered drivers of articulated vehicles, especially those travelling long distances, as an important bridge population for the transmission of HIV to the general population and are thus a major target for HIV reduction programming. This paper therefore presents achievements of HIV prevention programme among transport workers in Bayelsa State, Nigeria including its implications for future programming. Methods: A total of three civil society organizations were engaged by Bayelsa State Agency for the Control of AIDS and funded to provide HIV prevention programmes under the HIV/AIDS fund (HAF) II project. A total of 3900 transport workers were the estimated sample size for this intervention and purposive sampling was used in selecting participants. The minimum prevention package intervention (MPPI) was adopted in the implementation of this project and data collected were entered into District Health Information Software (DHIS)...

Objectives: Policy-making based on a health literacy approach makes it a priority to develop peoplecentered public health strategies and programs, particularly in the time of COVID-19 across the world. This is the first study to assess health literacy levels of patients visiting public and private hospitals in Turkey and also compares these levels with sociodemographic and health-related variables by hospital type to suggest health policies aimed at improving the health literacy skills for patients with different socioeconomic backgrounds. Study design: This is a cross-sectional study. Methods: The study was conducted on 948 outpatients from both hospital types in 2018. Health literacy was assessed using the validated Turkish version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire with 47 items. The level of health literacy and sociodemographic factors influencing it were analyzed using correlation and binary logistic regression tests. Patients from private hospital had better health literacy index score compared with the public hospital. Results: The health-related variables, such as self-reported health and the presence of long-term illness, and sociodemographic characteristics, including education, age, and gender, were associated with health literacy for both public and private hospitals. Age and education were important predictors, whereas gender, long-term disease condition, self-reported health, and perceived income status were statistically significant variables for adequate health literacy in both hospital types. Conclusions: Participants from private hospital had better health literacy than that of public hospital. These findings could be used to help health policy makers to improve the current health literacy policy for patients and develop strategies by stakeholders for reducing barriers to obtaining health-related information.

Since the inception of sustainable development (SD), there has been a somewhat ignored contradiction between paradigms that are ecosystem-based and paradigms that are human-based or purely economic. We suggest that this contradiction can be unified through a balance of the two. The Chinese Yin-Yang philosophy is applied as a tool or approach to seeking balance between these ecocentric and anthropocentric paradigms. Priority education policy design for the merging of ecology and health are projected through an Ecohealth lens in response to increasing SD challenges and the intention of the international Ecohealth organization to contribute to SD goals. Meeting SD goals along the nexus of health and environment is further considered through early-careerist cultural assessments and projections. The groups considered for their professional image of the future are: members of the Ecohealth Association Student Section and Chinese early-careerists participating in a related conference. In response to SD goals, a problem-based learning design is suggested as an education policy priority. Rather than approaching SD as a boolean concept, for example, by either focusing on ecosystem sustainability or economic development, we suggest education policy for programmes and curriculums that will help emerging professionals balance these paradigms, so as to best address national and global challenges.

Since the inception of sustainable development (SD), there has been a somewhat ignored contradiction between paradigms that are ecosystem‐based and paradigms that are human‐based or purely economic. We suggest that this contradiction can be unified through a balance of the two. The Chinese Yin‐Yang philosophy is applied as a tool or approach to seeking balance between these ecocentric and anthropocentric paradigms. Priority education policy design for the merging of ecology and health are projected through an Ecohealth lens in response to increasing SD challenges and the intention of the international Ecohealth organization to contribute to SD goals. Meeting SD goals along the nexus of health and environment is further considered through early‐careerist cultural assessments and projections. The groups considered for their professional image of the future are: members of the Ecohealth Association Student Section and Chinese early‐careerists participating in a related conference. In response to SD goals, a problem‐based learning design is suggested as an education policy priority. Rather than approaching SD as a boolean concept, for example, by either focusing on ecosystem sustainability or economic development, we suggest education policy for programmes and curriculums that will help emerging professionals balance these paradigms, so as to best address national and global challenges.

L'articolo opera un confronto preliminare dei sistemi sanitari nazionali di Italia e Brasile. Si tratta di una ricerca esplorativa, condotta attraverso l'analisi dei principi costituzionali e delle leggi che istituiscono rispettivamente il Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e il Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN), e il ricorso a dati nazionali e internazionali riguardanti la salute pubblica. Particolare attenzione-con un approfondimento sull'Italia-viene dedicata al finanziamento di tali sistemi sanitari e alle loro criticità. L'obiettivo è quello di definire le caratteristiche essenziali dei due sistemi sanitari nazionali, evidenziandone le somiglianze e le differenze più marcate.

The specialty of family medicine is centered on lasting, caring relationships with patients and their families. Family physiciansintegrate the biological, clinical and behavioral sciences to provide continuing and comprehensive health care. The scope of family medicine encompasses all ages, sexes, each organ system and every disease entity. Read more about the history, scope and definition of family medicine by reviewing the following resources.



Public-health-family-medicine



Family medicine is a three-dimensional specialty, incorporating (1) knowledge, (2) skill and (3) process. At the center of the process element is the patient-physician relationship with the patient viewed in the context of the family. It is the extent to which this relationship is valued, developed, nurtured and maintained that distinguishes family medicine from all other specialties.



Family physicians integrate the biological, clinical and behavioral sciences to provide continuing and comprehensive health care. Family medicine encompasses all ages, sexes, each organ system and every disease entity. Family physicians also pay special attention to their patients' lives within the context of family and the community.

Adolescent Medicine
Geriatric Medicine
Pain Medicine
Sleep Medicine
Sports Medicine
Sexual Health
Geriatric Medicine
For more details, PS: https://clinicalcasereports.conferenceseries.com/events-list/case-reports-on-public-health-family-medicine

Leptospirosis is one of the neglected infectious diseases locally widespread and extremely significant in tropical areas due to its great epidemic potential. It is a worldwide public health problem in view of the emergence and reemergence of the disease due to lack of sanitation and negligence, among other factors. In fact, leptospirosis infects more than 1 million people per year, resulting in almost 60,000 deaths. Human infection generally takes place after skin exposure to soil and/or water contaminated with urine of chronically infected mammals. The clinical presentations of the disease vary from a slight fever, goosebumps and flu-like symptoms to the acute forms of the disease. Understanding the main aspects of the disease is paramount due to the many unspecific signs and symptoms as well as frequently mistaken diagnosis. In this article, we discuss the epidemiological, immunopathogenic, clinical and prophylactic aspects of this condition with the purpose of clarifying an up to date panorama of the subject.

In a recent short report, the necessity of sophisticated practices in gathering records that would facilitate data sharing yields data-driven analysis in time of COVID-19. Consequently, there is a need to present the truth in data analytics in the era of COVID-19. This paper discusses the urgent call for people handling the COVID-19 data to be ethically responsible in their handling, processing, and reporting that impacts the lives of ordinary people especially in this time of pandemic as public health crisis.

Mining industries are known for causing strong environmental contamination. In most developing countries, the management of mining wastes is not adequate, usually contaminating soil, water and air. This situation is a source of concern for human settlements located near mining centers, especially for vulnerable populations such as children. The aim of this study was to assess the correlations of the metallic concentrations between household dust and children hair, comparing these associations in two different contamination contexts: a mining district and a suburban non-mining area. We collected 113 hair samples from children between 7 and 12 years of age in elementary schools in the mining city of Oruro, Bolivia. We collected 97 indoor dust samples from their households, as well as information about the children’s behavior. Analyses of hair and dust samples were conducted to measure As, Cd, Pb, Sb, Sn, Cu and Zn contents. In the mining district, there were significant correlations between non-essential metallic elements (As, Cd, Pb, Sb and Sn) in dust and hair, but not for essential elements (Cu and Zn), which remained after adjusting for children habits. Children who played with dirt had higher dust-hair correlations for Pb, Sb, and Cu (P = 0.006; 0.022 and 0.001 respectively) and children who put hands or toys in their mouths had higher dust-hair correlations of Cd (P = 0.011). On the contrary, in the suburban area, no significant correlations were found between metallic elements in dust and children hair and neither children behavior nor gender modified this lack of associations. Our results suggest that, in a context of high metallic contamination, indoor dust becomes an important exposure pathway for children, modulated by their playing behavior.

In a recent short report, the necessity of sophisticated practices in gathering records that would facilitate data sharing yields data-driven analysis in time of COVID-19. Consequently, there is a need to present the truth in data analytics in the era of COVID-19. This paper discusses the urgent call for people handling the COVID-19 data to be ethically responsible in their handling, processing, and reporting that impacts the lives of ordinary people especially in this time of pandemic as public health crisis.

This paper addresses the social determinants of health affecting the disabled population. It is considered that the prevalence of disability among the general adult population is significant. Furthermore, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis to identify the key social determinants which are highly applicable to health inequities and inequalities. Correspondingly, recommendations are critically proposed and laid out to address the issues impacting the given population. The health interventions and stakeholders involved are also critically examined to provide a broader perspective on the issue.

The summer program provides a multidisciplinary approach across various disciplines including law, medicine, biology, political science, anthropology, sociology, and psychology. The program covers many themes including ethics of research, ethics of reproductive technologies, genetics, health care decision making, universal healthcare, End-of-Life care, Covid 19, global bioethics, pandemic ethics, and social policy, among them. The program offers practical models of cooperative work where the strengths of humanities, social sciences are brought together to advance a better understanding of various issues and to show the way toward just and effective social policy. Early Application Deadline: July 1, 2020 Regular Application Deadline; July 27, 2020
Join us for special lectures, debates, & webinars with notable experts, so instrumental to achieve your professional goals in any field! Application Details: https://summerschool.globalbioethics.org/application/
Testimonials: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BpR_TE5q5ME&authuser=0

If you want to do influence public policy, join us for this unique educational opportunity! Also, intern with us online!
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.summerschool.globalbioethics.org

Background: The increasing number of sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS among the youths in sub-Saharan Africa indicates that successive efforts towards preventing the scourge remain inadequate in the continent. Preventing the spread of HIV infection among youths aged 15-24 years is critical to reducing the incidence of new HIV infection. This paper therefore presents HIV prevention programme among Out of School Youths (OSYs) in Kogi State, Nigeria. Methods: This intervention was carried out among out-of-school youths in 7 randomly selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) in the state with a total target population of 19600 OSY. One hundred and twenty (120) OSY comprising (68 males and 52 females) were recruited and trained as Peer Educators. Activities carried out included structural, behavioural and biomedical interventions using the Minimum Prevention Package for Intervention (MPPI) strategy. Data were documented using various monitoring and evaluation tools and entered in the DHIS2 platform. The data were later exported into Microsoft Excel and analysed using same. Results: Three hundred and three community dialogues were held within the 2-years period with 672 participants and 25787 peers recruited by the peer educators resulting in 131.6% of the estimated target population. A total of 18812 of out of school youths were counselled, tested and received results for HIV. Among these, a total of 275 (1.5%) were tested positive. Conclusion: Effective implementation of minimum prevention package for intervention in HIV/AIDS prevention programme carried out in these communities could be attributed to the dialogues held at the commencement of the project. However, there are still shortfalls in attainment of the expected results. It is therefore recommended that there be increased integration of services and decentralization of MPPI activities to primary health care centers and rural communities, stepwise supervision and monitoring of HIV prevention activities be strengthened and engagement of all tiers of governance to engender political commitment and ownership of the HIV response with a view of ensuring sustainability of these programmes.