Research

The use of theories in construction management research (CMR) is very important so as to generate an acceptable and generalizable construction management (CM) knowledge. This has generated a lot of research contributions that revealed the need to examine the use of theories and models in CMR by answering the following questions: (1) how often theories and models have been used in CMR?, (2) what are the types of, and the base disciplines of theories and models used in CMR? and, (3) what methodological patterns were followed by the theories and models used in CMR? In answering these questions, 846 empirical research articles published in Construction Management and Economics (CME) from 2005-2014 were quantitatively analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage analysis, and statistical hypothesis tests such as chi-square and t-test. The 10-year period between 2005 and 2014 was demarcated into a 2 five-year periods (2005-2009 and 2010-2014), so as to ensure a clearer grasp of the trend of events over the period. The findings suggest that CMR continues to be generally atheoretical. The conclusion was made based on the findings, while the use of theories in future CMR was recommended.

The application of chemical-specific toxicokinetic or toxicodynamic data to address interspecies differences and human variability in the quantification of hazard has potential to reduce uncertainty and better characterize variability compared with the use of traditional default or categorically-based uncertainty factors. The present review summarizes the state-of-the-science since the introduction of the World Health Organization/International Programme on Chemical Safety (WHO/IPCS) guidance on chemical-specific adjustment factors (CSAF) in 2005 and the availability of recent applicable guidance including the WHO/IPCS guidance on physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling in 2010 as well as the U.S. EPA guidance on data-derived extrapolation factors in 2014. A summary of lessons learned from an analysis of more than 100 case studies from global regulators or published literature illustrates the utility and evolution of CSAF in regulatory decisions. Challenges in CSAF dev...

Every time we ask a question and find facts, we do research. The problem can be profound or straightforward; when we want others to accept our claim, we have to put our inquiry in writing so that readers understand how we concluded (Turabian 2013, 15). As we learn to do our research, we must also learn to understand the mechanics of others. When reading reports and studies, we must think critically to determine if it is based on trustworthy evidence and sound reasoning. Research reports must be grounded on shared facts that readers accept as truth independent of feelings and beliefs (Turabian 2013, 15).

Leading biologists and clinicians interested in aging convened to discuss biomarkers of aging. The goals were to come to a consensus, construct an agenda for future research, and make appropriate recommendations to policy makers and the public-at-large. While there was not total agreement on all issues, they addressed a number of questions, among them whether biomarkers can be identified and used to measure the physiological age of any individual within a population, given emerging information about aging and new technological advances. The hurdles to establishing informative biomarkers include the biological variation between individuals that makes generalizations difficult; the overlapping of aging and disease processes; uncertainty regarding benign versus pathogenic age-related changes; the point at which a process begins to do damage to the organism, and, if so, when does it occur; and when to distinguish critical damage from noncritical damage. Finally, and significantly, it is...

Molasses based distilleries are classified as ?Red Category? because of the large volume of high strength waste water generated by them. Pollution caused by spent wash is one of the most critical environmental issues. Spent wash is one of the recalcitrant waste having extremely high COD (120000 mg/l), BOD (60000 mg/l), SS, inorganic solids, low pH, strong odour and dark brown colour. The problem of increasing amount of spent wash generation and stringent norms has resulted in development of new technologies for its effective and economical disposal. Biomethanation is viewed as a complex ecosystem in which physiologically diverse groups of micro-organisms operate and interact with each other in a symbiotic, synergistic, competitive and antagonistic association. The anaerobic microbial food chain consists of mainly three functionally different groups of microorganisms. Following four pathways are involved in anaerobic digestion of organic wastes 1. Hydrolysis: Hydrolysis break down macro organic materials such as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, by incising water molecules into lower molecular weight fatty acids, amino acids and sugars. 2. Acidogenesis: Acidogenic bacteria convert fatty acids, amino acids and sugars into organic acids, hydrogen, ammonia and carbon dioxide. 3. Acetogenesis: Acetogenic bacteria convert organic acids, hydrogen and carbon dioxide into acetic acid, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. 4. Methanogenesis: Methanogenic bacteria convert acetic acid, hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane and carbon dioxide. Readily available CO2 is used as an electron accepter. This reaction is slowest and the rate limiting step of the total anaerobic digestion process. The overall reaction can be represented by the following equation. Organic matter CH4+CO2+NH3+ H2S + H2 Generated methane gas is used as a fuel and cost saving by using methane in boiler or it is possible to make bottling of gas

Pollution of the soil by petrol is accompanied with a strong negative effect on plants due to changes in its physical-chemical properties, mainly due to an increase in hydrophobicity and the filling of soil capillaries with petrol and the direct toxic effect of petroleum hydrocarbons (phyto toxicity). Zeolite (clinoptilolite), is an ecologically safe effective ameliorant for the reclamation and rehabilitation of polluted soil. The article presents data on the effect of various concentrations of petrol in the soil on the growth and development of wheat using a zeolite meliorant. It is shown that the introduction of zeolite into petrol-contaminated soil has a significant melioration effect and improves the development of the test culture.

Background:- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neglected illness in Arar, Norther area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Objective:- The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of ADHD among primary schools children of Arar city, the capital of the Northern province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods:- A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from the teachers of children who attended 4 randomly selected primary schools in Arar city during the study period. The Conners 10-item Abbreviated Teacher Rating Scale (ATRS) was used. Results:- 85 children fulfilled the stated criteria for ADHD giving a prevalence rate of 27.9%. Conclusion:- The prevalence of ADHD in our setting is 27.9%, which is more than that obtained elsewhere in the world.

Objective: To analyze the costs of MRI scanner in the teaching super- specialty Institute.To evaluate the Break-even analysis and to calculate the break-even point. Rationale: The financial managers of health care organizations are facing problems in managing high end diagnostic equipment in the cost containment. Accurate cost calculations and the profit estimation are mandatory for health managers. Method: The prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care academic Institute, we applied costing method empirically to assess the cost in performing a MRI scan and carried out the Break-Even analysis. Results: The total cost for operating the MRI equipment was Rs.19788186 (US$291184.26), an average of 23 scans were taken in a day. The revenue collection through MRI diagnosis was Rs. 31494441(US$ 463442.45) in the study year. 7967 scans were performed during the year. The revenue obtained through a scan MRI was Rs.3953.11 (US$58.19). The BEP of MRI facility was 7830.7. Conclusion: This methodology is beneficial to health care manager to identify the profit/loss MRI scanner. The results indicate that the MRI unit was working with profit. It was found that the total number of patients are gradually increasing for MRI scan, the MRI scanning unit already reached the break-even point.

This study aims to examine the behavior of Tunisian companies in their choice of the quality of external auditor, basing on some organizational and governance characteristics. Our logistic regression is estimated on the basis of a sample of panel data composed by 25 Tunisian companies listed on the Tunisian Stock Exchange, during the period 2007-2012. We show a complementary relationship between the size of Tunisian companies, the investment opportunity and the external audit quality. However, we find a negative relationship between direct labor, debt and the choice of a better audit quality.

Benefits of customer loyalty scheme and brand loyalty programmes of Accor Hotels: A case study based on Mercure London City Bankside Hotel.

The research on the subject of customer loyalty in the hotel industry and fostering such loyalty through a multi-brand loyalty programme by Accor group of hotel evaluates the concepts relating to behavioural and attitudinal loyalty. It was found that loyalty programs not only reward the customers for repeat purchase behaviour, but also has an important strategic role in collecting the information about the customers. The various viewpoints relating to the implementation of loyalty programs, design of reward schemes and the utilisation of information collected from the customer are discussed. In the case of Accor hotels, there are several brands with differentiated service offerings and the reward scheme is an integrated one. The Accor hotels reward scheme provides points to the customers for staying in the participating hotels/brands such as Sofitel, Pullman, MGallery, Grand Mercure, Novotel, Suite Novotel, Mercure, Adagio, Ibis and Spa.
Through convenience sampling method two managers and four junior managers in the marketing department were interviewed. From the research, and mostly through the interview data it was found that the customers are able to accrue the points for their stay and spend at the hotel, and redeem their loyalty benefits at more than 2500 participating hotels from the lower end Ibis (budget hotel) to the upper end luxury Sofitel and Pullman hotels. The customers are able to exchange these reward points at various points of sale such as at the airports, taxis and related travel services. All the redemptions are targeted at the travelling customer and their needs and hence travelling customers are benefitted. The loyalty programme is also inducing the customer to spend more as the rewards collected can be redeemed against the services of the different hotel properties.
Since there is collaboration between travel and hospitality organisations, Accor hotel is benefitting significantly. It is clear that with the entire organisation the Mercure Hotel is also benefitting from the multi-brand loyalty scheme. The customers at the bottom of the pyramid in the brand structure of Accor group would be moving upwards and there are a considerable number of properties under the lower mid-scale and lowest scale such as the Ibis. The recommendations is to target and capture restaurant customers with the help of direct sales approach from the waiters and customer facing employees in the restaurant to become member in the loyalty programme. The customer-facing employee’s right from the lobby to the restaurant should be provided training to give special service to such repeat customers.

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This paper, presents an Adaptive Front Light System for better illumination of Light during curved road. Major road accidents are occurs during night time. About 25% of driving done at night time. About 55% of accidents are occurs during this periode.This is because conventional headlamp not gives the sufficient illumination of light at night time. When vehicle is driven on the curved road then, In AFS headlamps do the horizontal movement by using image processing. According to the distance between subject vehicle and incoming vehicle, AFS headlampsdoes the vertical movement.AFS improve the accuracy and reliability of the headlamp which result in human safety. The purpose of this paper is to present survey of all the vehicles front light system and introduce latest vision based key technology. By studying disadvantage of traditional headlight system possible improvement proposal and algorithm are provided.

The present study addresses the importance for a vibrant and cost effective methodology for the making of flood vulnerability and hazard maps particularly for those areas which are frequently affected by floods and pose a recurrent danger. Taking the case of Greater Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir and using the historical database for a number of the variables, obtained from different government agencies, the study came up with the detailed hazard and vulnerability maps of the study area, indicating different levels of the hazard and exposure with respect to people and assets, which can be used for further detailed investigating and planning. Flood vulnerability assessment is pivotal for devising an effective flood management plan. In order to assess the vulnerability of Greater Srinagar to floods, weighted overlay analysis in GIS environment has been performed using selected (sensitive to flood vulnerability) physical and socioeconomic indicators As the city includes both urban and rural areas, the spatial analysis unit was taken as ward and village for urban and rural areas respectively. The indicators were reclassified to a common evaluation scale (1-5) for analysis. Since the indicators contribute differently to flood vulnerability therefore based on their sensitivity, a percent (%) influence value was assigned to each indicators. Based on the analysis three flood vulnerability classes of Greater Srinagar were identified i.e. Highly Vulnerable, Moderately Vulnerable and Least Vulnerable.

Mathematical creativity is the process of producing more than one response of mathematical problem. Researcher framed some items to assess the mathematical creativity of eighth grade students. This MCT followed one criterion?s of mathematical creativity i.e. divergent thinking having three dimensions: Fluency, Flexibility and Originality. Items were formulated and selected by following required steps. The test was standardized by establishing reliability and validity of items. Split- half reliability was calculated and it was found 0.89 which is significant. Content validity of the test was determined by the teachers from different schools. Product moment co-relation was used to determine Concurrent validity. It was found 0.50 which is significant.

Conducting educational research involves various stages, with an interdependence and inter-relationship which can be both iterative and progressive in nature. One of these stages is the review of literature sources related to the focus of the research. Reviewing related literature involves tracing, examining, critiquing, evaluating and eventually recommending various forms of contents to the intents of the research based on the content’s typicality, relevance, correctness and appropriateness to what the research intends to achieve.  The main variables as stated in the title of the research, the research questions, the research objectives and the hypotheses, dictates the literature sources to review.
Reviewing literature focuses on the existing related topics that bear relevance to the title of the research and through which reviewing, appropriate theories can be picked up as the review of related topics and phrases goes on. As soon as the related topics are reviewed and main points noted, the reviewing process proceeds to review the theories underpinning the study. Some of these theories would have been established while reviewing the related topics and can now gain momentum, while other theories can now be generated considering the title, research questions, research objectives and findings of the topics reviewed and discussed earlier.
Reviewing related topics generates main points of arguments, solutions, gaps and propositions. Similarly, reviewing theories does produce the same set of corresponding or contrasting agreements, gaps and propositions. Despite reviewing different sources of literature, it is the same research at hand, with same objectives and same methodological layout. Hence, a need to shape a strategic, literature direction for the research by consolidating the key findings of the different sources reviewed, in view of the intents of the research.
The process of consolidating the multiplicity of key literature findings relevant to the research into a whole single unit, with one standpoint revealing the strategic literature direction for the research, is called constructing a conceptual framework. The end product of this construction is the conceptual framework, which is the informed and consolidated results presented narratively or schematically, revealing the strategic position of the study in relation to what exists in literature.

Purpose:-The main aim of the study was to find out the online shopping consumer behaviour in developing countries with special reference to Saudi Arabia. The researcher investigates the influence of demographic factors, psychographic factors and store variables on online hopping behaviour. Design/methodology/approach:- The objectives of this study were addressed by using a quantitative research strategy, based on questionnaire survey of the people living in Jeddah city in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was structured and close-ended measuring the intensity of response on five point Likert scale from 1 to 5. The respondents included Saudis and Non Saudis working and living here. Convenience random sampling method was used to administer the questionnaire on sample size of 400 respondents. Findings:- The findings of the study showed that the people are well aware of online shopping concept, they interested in buying online, Saudis are more interested than non-Saudis, females are more interested than males, psychographic factors do not influence the online shopping behaviour however, store-variables play important role in online shopping decision. Practical Implications:-This paper provides useful information in understanding the e-consumer behaviour in Saudi Arabia, especially the factors which influence the decision of online shopping. Originality/value:- This is one the few studies on online shopping behaviour of the e-consumers in developing countries especially in the middle-east.

To guarantee the safety of yoghurt, fermented cream and kariesh cheese production, the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) system was applied to the production process. The biological, chemical, and physical hazards that may exist in every step of yoghurt, fermented cream and kariesh cheese production were identified. In addition, the critical control points were selected and the critical limits, monitoring, corrective measures, records, and verifications were established. The critical control point, which includes pasteurization, was identified. Implementing the HACCP system in food manufacturing can effectively ensure food safety and quality. The HACCP plan tasks positively influenced the microbiological quality in the assessment of the final products.

Biogas, a renewable source of energy has been the focus of research for the past decades. It is simple to produce and environmentally friendly. Due to the current increase in population, emission of greenhouse gases and the UN concern to achieve 100% renewable energy globally by 2050, the use of biogas for electricity and for combined heat and power is the surest way forward. Anaerobic digestion thus far has been the surest way to achieve in the production of this renewable energy. The process, however, involves the consortium of microorganisms to breakdown feedstocks such as food waste and agricultural biomass through a complex pathway to generate mainly the methane and carbon dioxide. Feedstocks utilized by researchers from the past decades include water hyacinth, wood chips, corn silage, food wastes, and sugarcane bagasse. Process parameters that influence the anaerobic digestion process include pH, temperature, organic loading rate, feedstock type, mixing, hydraulic retention time, and the carbon to nitrogen ratio. This paper reviews the scope of biogas production from the anaerobic digestion process and details the various parameters affecting the process.

Researchers across the health sciences are engaged in a vigorous debate over the role that the concepts of “race” and “ethnicity” play in health research and clinical practice. Here we contribute to that debate by examining how the concepts of race, ethnicity, and racism are used in medical–anthropological research. We present a content analysis of Medical Anthropology and Medical Anthropology Quarterly, based on a systematic random sample of empirical research articles (n =283) published in these journals from 1977 to 2002. We identify both differences and similarities in the use of race, ethnicity, and racism concepts in medical anthropology and neighboring disciplines, and we offer recommendations for ways that medical anthropologists can contribute to the broader debate over racial and ethnic inequalities in health.

Licensure Examination performance is a growing concern of most of the educational institution because it is one of the determinants of quality education and validates high quality instruction. Educational institution is focused on monitoring and improving the Licensure Examination performance particularly in Teacher Education Institution (TEI). The study intends to offer a possible solution to most TEIs apprehensions regarding LET performance by providing the students of Teacher Education a student support service in the form of a personalized Learning Management System with performance prediction and recommendation capability. This can be developed through drawing data model using several data mining techniques and tools. Previous literature suggested using data mining to classify students, predict student performance, improve student retention, enhanced student achievement and assess complex students? behavior to name a few. This research project will provide the groundwork for th...

Licensure Examination performance is a growing concern of most of the educational institution because it is one of the determinants of quality education and validates high quality instruction. Educational institution is focused on monitoring and improving the Licensure Examination performance particularly in Teacher Education Institution (TEI). The study intends to offer a possible solution to most TEIs apprehensions regarding LET performance by providing the students of Teacher Education a student support service in the form of a personalized Learning Management System with performance prediction and recommendation capability. This can be developed through drawing data model using several data mining techniques and tools. Previous literature suggested using data mining to classify students, predict student performance, improve student retention, enhanced student achievement and assess complex students? behavior to name a few. This research project will provide the groundwork for th...

The Covid-19 pandemic has already transformed the social world. The social sciences therefore risk being left behind unless it also changes; now is the time to consider the political economy and move away from outdated theoretical frameworks. Challenging social science’s established orthodoxies, this book is a call for sociology and criminology to embrace new theoretical paradigms and devise research methods to better understand the reality of life in a post-Covid world. Offering an in-depth analysis of the harmful effects of neoliberalism before the pandemic, as well as the intervallic period the world is currently living through, the authors show how it is more important than ever for social science to evolve and take a leading role in contextualising the biggest crisis of the 21st century. This book will be an invaluable resource in contributing to debates about the Covid-19 pandemic and alternative modes of research.

"Re-imagining 21st century education is ambitious, an ambition born of a sadness as I reflect on a book written 30 years ago.  And I shall of course fall far short of the ambition.  Just to reiterate again the question raised in the invitation to this talk.

What sort of educational vision and practice may be fostered to underpin a new world where people matter?

This is an age-old question.  Its origins is in the idea of the good society that has long been the object of philosophical and political debate. So, specifically we can ask, what sort of education does a vision of the good society demand?  And how should schools be organised to lay a foundation for the realisation of this vision?
"

Objectives:Mineralized plasmatic matrix is reported to improve the quality of the bone/fibrin mixture, creating a stable and easy to handle homogeneous material. However, few studies evaluate the use of the mineralized plasmatic matrix during sinus lift with the simultaneous placement of dental implants.

Purpose: This study evaluated the efficiency or not of MPM compared to the xenograft bone grafting in the maxillary sinus lift.

Patients and methods:This study was conducted randomly on patients selected for treatment with a total of sixteen lateral windows sinus lift with simultaneous implant placement. Their ages ranged between 20 and 60 years old. Participating patients were divided into two groups equally and randomly The control group: eightsinus floor elevation was performed using simultaneous implant placement. As a grafting material, Xenograft was used. The study group: eight Sinus floor elevation was achieved with simultaneous implant placement. Xenograft has been used in the form of MPM as a grafting material. CBCT taken before and after sinus augmentation to measure bone volume and height after 1 week of baseline (T0), after 6 months (T1), and after 12 months of baseline (T0) (T2). The Osstell(PT) was used for assessment implant stability at implant insertion (PT0) as well as for loading visit (PT1).

Result:A significant difference was observed between the two groups in bone volume (p=0.049). No significant difference was observed between the two groups (p=0.129) in height of graft.

Conclusion:MPM eliminated the need for barrier membranes when a guided bone regeneration procedure is considered.The useofMPM as a grafting bone offered greater graft stability and handling.

In the current era Digital Marketing is one of the most preferred forms of marketing. It is extremely popular in the younger generations, also being used by middle and the older generations. Today marketers are using digital marketing as a channel to market their products and the services. Digital Marketing is the way of electronic communication with customers and consumers. Due advancements in technology, the use of digital marketing, social media marketing, and search engine marketing is increasing rapidly. Digital marketing requires a new understanding of customer behavior. Digital marketing is a strategy that gives an individual or organization the ability to get in touch with clients by establishing innovative practices, combining technology with traditional marketing strategies. Digital marketing is beyond internet marketing including channels that do not require the use of Internet. Digital marketing includes Mobile phones -SMS and MMS, social media marketing, display advertising, search engine marketing and many other forms of digital media. The purpose of this paper is to study the concept and various aspects of digital marketing and to explore the differences between digital marketing and traditional marketing.

The continuous progression in the field of ceramics in dentistry lead to a revolution in conservative dental treatment. This is offered the clinicians various solutions for many situations that need esthetic dental improvement. Laminate veneers considered highly functional and esthetically indirect restoratives that treat unaesthetic anterior teeth with minimally invasive preparation. Cases needed for correction of crown length and width, correction of minor malformations of anterior teeth, closure of spacing\\ diastema, masking some intrinsic discoloration; e.g. Tetracycline stain and treatment of dental fluorosis are examples for solutions varieties that can be achieved when using ceramic laminate veneers. The more improvement in ceramic material, adhesive luting cement and preparation techniques offer many options for clinicians. The Success of clinical veneer cases relays to a great extent on a proper knowledge, and well training of both operator and technician. These can be achieved through more focusing on the recent trends in ceramic materials, preparation techniques and application of adhesive luting cement. The following review article is searching for the current state of the art of dental laminate veneers including veneers material, preparation modalities, and applications techniques.

Anormal Psikoloji kitabı, ruhsal bozukluklar alanında çalışan tüm profesyoneller, psikiyatristler, klinik psikologlar, psikologlar, psikolojik danışmanlar, hekimler, sosyal hizmet uzmanları, psikiyatri hemşireleri ve bu alanlarda öğrenci yetiştiren akademisyenler ile eğitim alan öğrenciler için temel bir başvuru kitabıdır.
2013 yılının Mayısı ayında yayımlanan DSM-5 ölçütlerine göre ruhsal bozukluklarla ilgili sunulan bilgilerin güncellemesinin de yapıldığı bu kitap, tüm dünyada pek çok üniversitenin psikiyatri ve psikoloji bölümlerinde ders kitabı olarak okutulmaktadır.
Kitabın her bölümünde, ilk olarak ruhsal bozukluklarla ilgili vakalar sunulmakta, daha sonra bozuklukların klinik tanıları yapılmakta ve DSM-IV-TR’den farklı olan DSM-5’te yapılan değişikliklere yer verilmektedir. Ayrıca, DSM-5’teki tanı ölçütleri, bozuklukların etiyolojisi ve epidemiyolojisi, bozukluklar üzerinde kalıtımın ve çevrenin etkileri, biyolojik ve sosyal ve kültürel etkiler, en güncel araştırmalardan elde edilen verilerle harmanlanarak sunulmaktadır. Ruhsal bozuklukların tedavisinde etkili olacak terapi yaklaşımları ve ilaçla yapılan tedaviler hakkında da bilgiler veren kitap, sahip olduğu zengin içeriği ile eşsiz bir kaynaktır.
Anormal Psikoloji kitabının; profesyoneller ve öğrenciler için önemli bir rehber olacağına, yardıma ihtiyaç duyan insanların sorunlarının çözümüne, ruhsal bozuklukların tanı ve tedavisinde önemli katkılar sağlayacağına inanıyoruz.

Self-esteem plays a crucial role during the adolescence stage when adolescents start to observe changes. Adolescents? self-esteem is often affected by the physical and hormonal changes they experience during puberty. They are extremely concerned about how they look, they are perceived and accepted by their peers. High self-esteem is directly related to having a very supportive family and body image is a major component in adolescents? self-esteem. Adolescent?s overall evaluation of his or her own worth as a self, such as how people feel about their physical appearance, skills, academic performance, and so on is reflected in their self-esteem. The aim of the present study was to assess the level of self-esteem of adolescents studying in Higher Secondary School. The researcher adopted descriptive research and using Dr. S. Karunanidhi?s Self Esteem Questionnaire assessed the level of self-esteem of adolescents in school. Census method was adopted and data was collected from 300 adolescents. The findings of this study reveal that more than half of the respondents have low overall level of self- esteem.

"Trainee teachers following the three-year undergraduate BEd course at the University of Wolverhampton undertake a final-year research study. This project requires each individual to investigate an aspect of teaching and learning within an early years or primary school setting.

Reflections on Research presents, in publication, a selection of these final-year projects completed by trainee teachers in 2008 and 2009.

The students themselves have looked back upon the project to critically evaluate the positive and not so positive elements of their investigation. They also considered how what they did as student teachers remains relevant to what they do now as qualified professionals working in the classroom.

See also ‘A Beginner’s Guide to Doing Your Education Research Project’, published by SAGE: http://bit.ly/IrLHvD, and on FACEBOOK: http://on.fb.me/QsLY2Q"

Within this article we use the metaphor of the “Research Onion” (Saunders et al., 2012: 128) to illustrate how these final elements (the core of the research onion) need to be considered in relation to other design elements (the outer layers of the research onion).  It is the researcher’s understandings and associated decisions in relation to these outer layers that provide the context and boundaries within which data collection techniques and analysis procedures will be selected. 

Please note, this is the published version and has been uploaded with permission from Karen Moxom (ANLP)

Please note, with Pearson's permission I have uploaded the proofs of chapter 4 for the 7th edition of Research Methods for Business Students (published in August 2015)  to academia.edu.  This contains the latest version of the research onionademia.edu.  The direct link is: https://www.academia.edu/13016419/Research_Methods_for_Business_Students_Chapter_4_Understanding_research_philosophy_and_approaches_to_theory_development_

The purpose of this investigation is to identify the awareness of CRM in ERP and essential components of CRM-ERP integration and how it deals with HR concerns. CRM: The Business Focus factor and information quality of ERP solution, system quality of ERP solution, system use of ERP solution and appropriateness of ERP solutions in context to Engineering companies of Ahmedabad City. The total CRM-ERP integration oriented Engineering companies are 58 in Ahmedabad. The selection of 15 companies is made possible on the basis of five zones of Ahmedabad City. The source of data is primary and secondary. The primary data are collected through structured questionnaire administered to the respondents in person and through email; scale reliability test and Pearson correlations test are conducted as statistical tests for achieving the objectives.

Hemophagocyticlymphohistiocytosisis anuncommun and potentially fatal disease. It is ahyperinflammatory syndromecharacterized by excessive macrophage and T-cell activation as well as impairment of the ability of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes to kill the target cells. It is either primary or secondary and it is linked to various etiologiesespecially infections. It may rarely complicate the clinical course of disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its therapeutic management isoften difficult and not codified in the absence of large-scale controlled studies. We report a pediatriccase of secondary hemophagocyticlymphohistiocytosisdue to disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an immunocompetent childwith a favorable outcomefollowing early initiation of antitubercular therapy.

In this paper an attempt has been made to study explicitly the effect of viscous dissipation in the MHD Rayleigh problem with inclined magnetic field is investigated in this paper. Numerical results and graphs are presented to study the combined effect of Hartmann number, Hall Parameter, Rotation parameter, Eckert number, angle of inclination and Prandtl number.