Resettlement

Once refugees are granted protection in a particular host country, there is little concern about where in that country they are settled. Yet this matters enormously for refugees' chances to prosper in the new country and for the willingness of the local community to welcome them. We propose a centralized clearinghouse—a 'two-sided matching system'—to match refugees with localities. Drawing on the success of matching in domains such as public school choice, we outline principles underlying matching-system design, and illustrate in general terms how they could be applied to refugee protection. This matching system respects the priorities and capacities of localities and gives agency to refugees. As an example, we describe in detail how such a system could work to meet the British government's commitment to resettle 20,000 Syrian refugees by 2020.

Для периода 120-35 тыс. л. н. характерны модели расселения и землепользования на основе мобильного охотничье-собирательского хозяйства. 35-11 тыс. л. н. широкое развитие получили «стационарные» модели хозяйственной и поселенческой активности. В последующем (11-9 тыс. л. н.) неравномерность ресурсной базы провоцировала формирование отдельных связанных между собой экономических районов. На заключительных этапах каменного века (9-7 тыс. л. н.) эта система расселения и землепользования получила дальнейшее развитие с учетом появления производящих форм экономики в пищевой сфере и развития межплеменного обмена.

After the end of World War II, millions of people were uprooted all over Europe. After realizing that many of those people did not want to return to their former places of origin, the United Nations founded the International Refugee Organization (IRO) to repatriate those displaced persons (DPs) who wanted to return home and to resettle refugees who did not in other countries. Venezuela was neither actively involved in World War II, nor (at that time) in the approaching Cold War. Nevertheless, this "third world" country became involved, both in the political discussion about the international resettlement program, and as the receiving country of 17,000 DPs. In this context, the paper asks who was resettled in Venezuela and in what way those people were able to influence and negotiate their resettlement in Venezuela. The paper thus focusses on the agency of DPs and the IRO's decision-making processes in their European field offices.

Hydropower is one of the cleanest, renewable and environmentally benign sources of energy. Nepal is blessed with immense source of water resources and huge hydropower potential. The Kali Gandaki ‘A’ (KGA) Hydroelectric Project is the largest hydropower project constructed so far in Nepal. The project is a daily pondage type scheme with an installed capacity of 144 MW. The KGA is one of the first largest hydropower projects that has been well studied environmentally and socially in the pre-project, construction and operation stages. A full team of multi-disciplinary professionals was involved during the construction phase to monitor environmental impacts and compliance with contract clauses, and to implement the mitigation measures. Implementation of KGA in what was once considered as a remote area, has resulted in multifold beneficial impacts to the local community. Improvement of public infrastructure, enhanced educational facilities and employment of local populations, including a...

This article provides a brief introduction to advancements in the anthropology of disasters as well as the historical antecedents and the intellectual collaborations that contributed to contemporary work in the field. It reviews the multiple directions, methodological approaches, and theoretical leanings  that comprise today’s diversified field of disaster anthropology and discusses how the monographs included in the special edition of Human Organization (74[4]) on the applied anthropology of risks, hazards, and disasters showcase the variety of topics and themes engaged by applied anthropologists who work on disaster-related issues.

Assyrian imperialism is closely associated with the practice of mass deportation. This practice has been explained by recourse to many different motivations. But can we hope to pinpoint the logic informing deportation rather than merely identifying its advantages? This paper surveys the evidence of deportation in the Levant in the period 745–620 b.c.e. Focusing on deportation in this circumscribed time and place enables a more concentrated account of its use. Deportation is generally argued to have served three broad ends: bolstering the supply of human resources in the Assyrian heartland, meeting particular strategic needs, and dealing with dissent. This paper finds that despite the many uses of deportation, it was first and foremost a punitive instrument intended to curb resistance to Assyrian hegemony. This punitive dimension constituted the foundation of Assyrian deportation in the Levant in the age of Assyrian hegemony.

Forced displacement and resettlement is a pervasive challenge being contemplated across the social sciences. Scholarly literature, however, often fails to engage complexities of power in understanding socio-environmental interactions in resettlement processes. Addressing Zimbabwe’s Tokwe-Mukosi flood disaster resettlement, we explore hegemonic uses of state power during the pre- and post-flood induced resettlement processes. We examine how state power exercised through local government, financial, and security institutions impacts community vulnerabilities during forced resettlement processes, while furthering capitalist agendas, drawing insights from analysing narratives between 2010 and 2021. Concerns abound that multiple ministries, the police, and the army undermined displaced people’s resilience, including through inadequate compensation, with state institutions neglecting displaced communities during encampment by inadequately meeting physical security, health, educational, an...

The acquisition of agricultural land by the government for the establishment of industries is often viewed as an unavoidable necessity for development. The various adverse consequences of land acquisition without proper rehabilitation of the affected families go unnoticed unless the peasants register protest and resistance against land acquisition. The public image of land acquisition conjures up an easygoing administrative process backed by law. This is the front of land acquisition. In this paper we have made an attempt to sneak a look into the interior corridors of land acquisition with the help of a case study in the state of West Bengal in India which was ruled by a pro-peasant left front government for 34 years. By combining the data from the field and the archive, we have studied the recent industrialisation move of the West Bengal government in the context of its policy of land reform and decentralised development programme. Our case study revealed that the development policy adopted by the leftist government is self-defeating, since acquisition of agricultural land by the colonial law not only caused landlessness among the peasants but it also disempowered the peasants.

Following the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, Tamil Nadu lost about 8,000 people and the lives and livelihoods of over 897,000 families were affected. In 2015, Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu, was brought to a standstill by floods which killed 289 people, left 1,000 injured, and damaged property and livelihoods worth US$2.2 billion. These extreme events and others, such as the 2003–04 drought and the 2016 cyclones, mobilised humanitarian action from a range of actors in Chennai. This study examines how humanitarian responses and post-disaster relocations fit into the wider development vision of large and fast-growing metropolises such as Chennai.

Since Myanmar has opened up toward a more urban, industrial, and service-based economy, more people from rural areas leave their hometowns and migrate to big cities to attain formal education and higher-paying work in urban centers. Yangon, the capital city, has had the highest level of migration since 2008. An UN-Habitat study identified 423 informal settlements covering a land area of 1822.31 acres, approximately 1.23 % of the city’s total land area. Consequently, the ugly truth of the capital’s growing proliferation of informal/squatter settlements and poor living conditions has become evident.
This study focuses on determining how architecture attempts to address these informal settlements by exploring the characteristics of better living environments in resettlement areas.
Thus, the thesis question is:  What kind of new system and typologies can create new affordable housing for informal settlers' resettlement both financially and economically?  In this context, affordable low-cost housing is defined as a housing unit that is affordable to low- to moderate-income households, is cost-effective, and can be adopted within a household’s long-term installment budget. Based on the on-going projects and relevant literature, the study of housing with a vernacular identity, informal settlements, and resettlement housing can advance the research on affordable housing. It can help provide a solution to the informal settlements in Myanmar by establishing guidelines for resettling different squatters' different types into their respective locations.
This study can also help to address the squatters according to their needs and desires from a location. While architecture cannot solve everything and has many political, social, and economic problems, this study explores its extent in this particular scenario.
Keywords: Affordable housing, Cost-effective, Informal/Squatter resettlement, Traditional practice,
Vernacular identities, Resettlement housing

Accountability advocacy is an increasingly common approach to working with displaced communities. This article explores a resettlement scheme for an Asian Development Bank project in Cambodia in which advocacy interventions resulted in significant improvements in resettlement sites over the eight years of the project. Resettlement standards improved in some of the sites so much that they might now be called “islands of governance”, tightly ring-fenced from the otherwise limited support provided ordinarily to displaced or landless Cambodians. Given these extremes, the article considers whether “good” resettlement policy is implementable. It also argues that best practice resettlement principles, such as the requirement to minimise displacement – no matter how sensible or well-intended when designed at an international level – have the potential for negative unintended consequences in implementation. These impacts cannot necessarily be mitigated through formal monitoring, oversight, and technical assistance. Building on the knowledge already available, it identifies five considerations relevant to resettlement programmes as they continue to evolve.

В статье рассматривается динамика переселенческого движения на территории Тобольской и Томской губерний в 1906–1911 гг. Дан сравнительный анализ двух сибирских земель, рассматривается влияние внешних факторов на характер переселения. Историографическое исследование позволило выявить различные точки зрения на характер переселенческой политики, однако общепризнанным выводом является то, что переселение крестьян Европейской России в Сибирь способствовало значительному подъему экономики в данном регионе, что выразилось в процветании зернового, мукомольного производства, маслоделия, а также в развитии животноводства. Источниковедческое исследование способствовало выявлению основных законов и указов, сопровождающих проведение переселенческой политики. На основе анализа динамики переселения в Томскую и Тобольскую губернии автор пришел к выводу, что, в силу географического положения и своих природных особенностей, Томская губерния была заселена значительно плотнее. Существовало также фактическое перенаселение в отличие от тобольских территорий, на которых сведения о перенаселенности не соответствовали действительности. На протяжении рассматриваемого периода наблюдался отток переселенцев из Тобольской губернии в Томскую, и в особенности на земли Алтайского горного округа. Тем не менее, высок был процент возвратившихся на родину, так как переселенцам не хватало материальных средств для устроения хозяйства на новом месте. Однако, несмотря на некоторые проблемы в реализации переселенческого законодательства, исходя из количества устроенных переселенцев и данных об экономическом развитии региона, переселенческую политику в регионы Западной Сибири в 1906–1911 гг. можно считать удачно реализованной частью аграрной реформы.

Данный объект исследования комплексно изучает переселенческую поли-тику Российской империи в исследуемый период, и восполняет один из важнейших пробелов в историко-демографическом исследовании истории нашего Отечества. Завоевав Северный Азербайджан в первой трети XIX века Российская империя проводила целенаправленную переселенческую политику, насаждая иноэтничные компоненты в регионе: немцев, армян, русских и т. д. В результате переселенческой политики Российской импе-рии произошли этно-конфессиональные изменения в народонаселении Северного Азербайджана в XIX - начале XX веков. The current object of the research studies entirely the resettlement policy of the Russian Empire within the period of the research and fills one of the most im-portant gaps in the historico-demographic research of the history of our Paterni-ty.Having occupied the Northern Azerbaijan in the first third of the 19th century the Russian Empire pursued an intentional resettlement policy populating the region with the Germans, the Armenians and etc. As a result of the resettlement policy of the Russian Empire in the Northern Azerbaijan ethno-confessional changes occurred in the population of the Northern Azerbaijan at the end of the 19th century and in the beginning of the 20th century.

Данная работа показывает исторические этапы миграции армян на Кавказ, и в частности в Азербайджан. Доводит до внимания читателя результаты этих миграций, их влияния на этническую номенклатуру населения страны. Авторы рассматривают и раскрывают на основе фактических материалов и фундаментальных трудов зарубежных исследователей корни «армянского вопроса» и армяно-азербайджанского конфликтов на протяжение всего XX века. Показывают необоснованные притязания армянских националистов на земли исторического Азербайджана.
The given work shows the historical grades of Armenians' migration to the Caucasus and in particularly to Azerbaijan. To lead up to the readers attention the results of this migration, their influence to the ethnic cast of the country's population are considered on the base of real and fundamental works of foreign researchers, open the roods of the Armenian problem and Armenian-Azerbaijan conflict during XX century. It shows groundless of Armenian nationalists to the lands of historic Azerbaijan.

Данная научно-исследовательская работа показывает предисторию и ход переселений немцев на Кавказ, и в частности в Северный Азербайджан. Освещает роль и место немцев в колониальной политике Российской империи в исследуемый период. На основе выявленных новых исторических документов и фактических материалов, а также ссылаясь на степень изученности проблемы, автор исследует неизученные вопросы немецких страниц истории Азербайджана, при этом придерживаясь требований постсоветской концепции отечественной историографии.
Dieses Forschungsarbeit zeigt die Geschichte und Unterkunftsbedingungen der Deutschen in Kaukasus und Nordaserbaidschan. Im Forschungsarbeit wurde die Rolle und Stellung der Deutschen während der Durchführung der Kolonialpolitik des russischen Reiches ans Licht gebracht. Berufend auf die aus den einzelnen Fonds des historischen staatlichen Archivs erworbenen Materialien und Fakts ebenso Forschungsebene der Probleme haben Autoren, vaterländische eschitswissenschaftler gemäss den Forderungen der postsowjetischen Konzeption die deutsche Seiten in der Aserbaidschanischen Geschichte erforscht.

Young people in custody are likely to reoffend, questioning current resettlement practice. In Wales, the Resettlement Broker Project was established to address this, beginning by assessing current practice. The ensuing data set of interviews with young people from North Wales serving sentence in England was analysed regarding custody and resettlement experiences. Resettlement and desistance literature provided a strong basis for effective working; the slowness of the English and Welsh youth justice system to truly incorporate desistance thinking means that these young people missed a potentially beneficial working ethos, centred on personal goals and individual strengths, indicating the need for radical change.

Ang Center for Asian Mission for the Poor, Inc., o CAMP Asia, ay isang non-government organization na nagsimula sa iba’t ibang simbahan sa Seoul, South Korea, noong 2007, at kasalukuyang napapatupad ng siyam na programa na tumutugon sa mga local na isyu sa larangan ng kalusugan, edukasyon, at kabuhayan sa mga pamayanan ng Lungsod ng San Jose del Monte, Bulacan. Pagkalipas ng halos isang dekadang pakikipagtulungan na ng CAMP Asia sa mga pamayanan ng Barangay Minuyan at Barangay Gaya-Gaya sa aspeto ng pag-oorganisa at pagpapaunlad ng pamayanan, nasa usapin at yugto na ito di umano ng pagpe-phaseout. Sa kadahilanang nabanggit ay napag-isipang simulan ng CAMP Asia, sa pamumuno ng naibuong Tanglaw Unit sa loob ng ahensiya, ang stratehiyang pagbubuo ng network sa pagitan ng mga programa at mga samahan. Isa ito sa mga nakikitang susing hakbang ng Tanglaw Unit tungo sa pagkamit ng pagkatayuyon, o sustainability, ng mga programa at mga samahan. Sa proseso ng pagbubuo ng network, nagaganap ang mga serye ng palihan na nakatuon sa pagpapanday ng mga lider at pagpapasibol ng mga ugnayan. Ito ay may layong makatulong sa mas epektibong pamumuno ng mga pinuno sa mga samahan at programang kinabibilangan, at sa binubuong network. Ngunit ang saklaw nito ay limitado lamang sa mga pinuno at mga piling mga kinatawan, at napapansin na napag-iiwanan ang ibang mga kasamahan ng mga samahan at programa sa proseso. Ito ay nakikitang naka-aapekto sa usapin ng kakulangan sa pagtataya at kawalan ng interes sa pakikipagtulungan ng mga tao at sa iilang mga grupo. Sa pagtutulungan ng FIP at CAMP Asia tungo sa mas epektibong gawaing pagpapaunlad, nilayong magkaroon ng aktibong partisipasyon ang lahat ng kasamahan ng mga programa at samahan sa proseso ng pagbubuo ng network. Ito ay sa pamamaraang pagkakaroon ng mga proyektong pakikipagtulungan (o collaborative projects) sa pagitan ng mga programa at mga samahan, na hindi kaagad-agad mga malakihang proyekto, at sa halip ay maliliit muna. Ito rin ay sa pagtatangkang masimulan ang isang pasiklong proseso ng negosasyon, pagtataya, at pagsasagawa sa pagitan at sa bahagi mismo ng mga pinuno, kinatawan, at iba pang mga kasamahan sa mga programa at mga samahan. Sa buong proseso ng pagkakaroon ng proyektong pagkikipagtulungan, (1) naipataas nito ang antas ng partisipasyon ng lahat ng kasamahan sa programa at samahan; (2) nagkaroon ng mas malalim na pagpapahalaga sa pagtutulungan at pakikipagtulungan tungo sa pagpapaunlad ng programa at samahan; at (3) pagtataya ng lahat ng mga kasamahan sa pagbubuo ng network.

For decades land, forests, water and other natural resources are not free from public debates and academic discourses due to several reasons. In India this debate has taken different forms in different places based on the specific character of the locality. There has been, particularly in the neo-liberalisation era, a noticeable shift both in the tenor and the content of the debate. While looking at the history of Adivasi land alienation, there has been several interconnections between the multiple characteristics of post independent neo-capitalistic economics and the pre-independent colonial imperialism – both only aimed at taking away the land from the community with the consolidation of power centres or 'eminent domain,' at the cost of the community itself. This ethnographic paper gradually discusses the sociology of land debate from pre-colonial period to present. It builds the argument that why land reforms failed in India at large and specifically in the context of Adivasi land rights. To understand the issue of Adivasi land alienation, the case of Mainpat hills in Surguja district of Chhattisgarh is taken to study in detail, where Vedanta Resources Plc is currently engaged in mining bauxite at the cost of the communities. In this paper, I discuss how the State initiated public hearing is applied as a strategic tool to construct 'consent' by flouting laws and dismissing people's dissent. The last two sections of the paper capture the larger impact of land acquisition, land alienation and the socio-ethnic polity of Adivasi depeasantisation. In these Adivasi hotbeds, people have lost their faith in State and it's democratic systems, due to excessive focus on alien patterns of development. Here land alienation and depeasantisation are interconnected aspects which in itself is a gross violation of human rights of Adivasi people not only in Mainpat but at large across the length and breadth of the state. It has changed the socio-cultural, economic and political dynamics of the community itself.

The Resettlement Broker Project has most recently concentrated on the establishment of Reintegration and Resettlement Partnership Boards across North and Southern Wales. These multi-agency partnerships are being written into the Regulations (Part 9) of the Social Services and Wellbeing (Wales) Act 2014, bringing a statutory obligation to all local authorities within Wales to provide them. The Brokers have used their experience of establishing these to write this good practice guide.

En este trabajo se revisan las teorías sobre el espacio y el territorio que más impacto tienen en el estudio antropológico. Ellas comprenden la teorías de los lugares centrales de Walter Christaller, la geometría del poder de Doreen Massey, la heterotopología de Foucault, el ritmanalisis de Henri Lefebvre, la noción de cronotopo de Mihail Bajtin y la geografía crítica de la escuela de Seattle, entre otras muchas. Mientras que en otros estudios recientes ajusto cuentas con diversos pensadores franceses (tales como Gilles Deleuze & Felix Guattari, Edgar Morin y Pierre Bourdieu) este trabajo constituye mi enfrentamiento más hondo y amplio con las ideas de Michel Foucault.

En este libro se examinarán los principales acontecimientos que tuvieron lugar, que lo siguen teniendo y que sin duda lo tendrán en el futuro en torno del concepto de geo­metría del poder (en lo sucesivo, GP), una idea que se fue articulando en un puñado de disciplinas endé­micamente mal comunicadas entre sí y sometidas a una sucesión de mo­das epistémicas más o menos efíme­ras y de impacto fluctuante, pero que en ciertas va­­riantes y en tiempos recientes muestra cierto impulso en el mercado con­cep­­tual de las ciencias sociales por ra­zo­nes que distan de estar claras.

Aquí propongo entonces exa­minar la idea desde una pers­­pectiva an­­tropológica y en relación con proble­má­ticas te­rri­toriales en una va­riedad de con­textos para tratar de aquilatar su valor en la teoría y en la prác­tica a tra­vés de los casos, a fin de deslindar si existen en ella los ins­tru­­mentos fruc­tosos que se nos dice o si se trata de un enésimo retorno, con leves re­to­ques, de un gé­ne­ro me­ta­narrativo agotado hace tiempo pero que cada tanto insiste en ofrecernos más de lo mismo y en en­cerrarse (o encerrarnos) en confrontaciones que ya han superado el término de su vida útil: la dis­cusión inconcluyente en torno de la primacía del espacio o del lugar, o so­bre la pre­ce­den­cia del tiempo o del espacio, o sobre la dialéctica en­tre lo espa­cial y lo social, o sobre la dicotomía entre la revolución cuanti­ta­ti­va y el giro cualitativo de turno, todo ello acompañando al cierre de las disci­plinas sobre sí mis­mas, a la exa­­cer­­­ba­ción del culto a persona­lidades cada vez menos creíbles, a la presión para su­mar­nos a bogas teóricas que se saben efímeras y al con­for­mismo san­ciona­do por la co­mu­nidad intelectual ante la declinación de las teorías ligadas a prác­ticas transfor­ma­doras.

The tiny island of Ko Lipe in the Andaman Sea is of great importance to the sea people who live in the area. The Urak Lawoi‟ had been a wandering people for many generations before their leader, a man called To‟ Kiri, brought them to the islands they now call home. Lipe was one of the first islands to be occupied by the Urak Lawoi‟ because of its flat interior and protected position, its sweet water source and the good and easy mooring sites it offered for the Urak Lawoi‟s boats. To‟ Kiri and his descendants lived on Lipe, and died there. To‟ Kiri‟s grave is on the North side of the island; a holy place for the Urak Lawoi‟, indicated by a commemorative plaque.
When all Urak Lawoi‟ inhabitants of the Tarutao and Adang Archipelagos were forced out of their villages on other islands to be resettled on Ko Lipe because the whole area was to become a national park, this had great consequences for the self sufficient life style that the Urak Lawoi‟ had become accustomed to since their first settlement in Southern Thai waters, and when mass tourism began to develop in the area, the Urak Lawoi‟ became in fact a marginalized people. The question is to whom the use of land and resources of Ko Lipe and the park is actually reserved to; to the Urak Lawoi‟ or to the project developers who have transformed the beautiful island into a tourist paradise.