VLDL

Because of their wide range of actions on glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and vascular inflammation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are promising targets for the development of new drugs for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as diabetes, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. In clinical practice, PPARα agonists, such as the already available fibrates, improve dyslipidemia, while PPARγ agonists, such as thiazolidinediones, improve

Acharya Charaka has described Lekhan as Karma and its therapeutic utility for the first time. He has used lekhan term for different things. a) Lekhaniya mahakashya, b)as a property of tikta rasa and ,c) as a shastra karma. Lekhaniya mahakashaya is doing lekhan of excessive fat(reducing excessive fat) due to its ushna,tikshna, lekhan(penetrating hot properties). So it is useful in obesity as well as hyperlipidaemia. Lekhaniya mahakashaya significantly reduces weight, BMI. Santarpana janya vikara as explained in ayurvedic classics produces Medo-dushti , which is root causes of many diseases.Administration of lekhaniya mahakashaya which is Tikta-Katu in Rasa(bitter taste),Ushna Veerya (Hot in potency), Laghu and Ruksha (light and dry qualities)Katu Vipaka and is thus Vata Kaphahara. These all properties are against Medo dhatu which helps to reduce fat in body. Lekhaniya mahakashya Is beneficial in reducing total cholesterol level,LDL levels, VLDL levels. Lekhaniya mahakashaya having potent effect on non-communicable diseases (NCD) such as hyperlipidaemia ,hypothyroidism and cardiac disorders and symptoms like stress, fatigue etc. Aims and objectives-1) To Study Lekhaniya mahakashaya in context with Medodushti. 2) To know the effect of Lekhaniya Mahakashya on dhatvagni dusti and Aam pachan as per classical ayurvedic text. 3) Aam and disorders derived from Dhatvagni dusti like Hypothyroidism, Diabetes, Hyperlipidaemia , Coronary artery diseases. 4) Diseases induced by Virudh aahar sevan.

To determine whether triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), which has been shown to be an indicator of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance, can predict coronary heart disease (CHD) independently of total cholesterol (TC) and other risk factors in an Iranian population with a high prevalence of MetS and low HDL-C. Between February 1999 and August 2001, 1824 men > or =40 years old, free of clinical cardiovascular diseases at baseline, were followed. Baseline measurements included serum level of TC, HDL-C, TG and risk factors for CHD including age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, diabetes, smoking and a family history of premature cardiovascular diseases. During a median follow up of 6.5 years until March 2007 (11,316 person-years at risk), a total of 163 new CHD events (27 fatal and 136 nonfatal) occurred. The prevalence of MetS in subjects with TG/HDL-C > or =6.9 (top quartile) reached 63...

HepG2 and Caco-2 cells were studied to compare the regulation of liver and intestinal apolipoprotein (apo) biosynthesis and secretion by fatty acids. Incubation with fatty acid consistently stimulated apoB production by both HepG2 and Caco-2 cells. Media concentrations of apoB, determined by radioimmunoassay, were approx. 3-fold greater for cells incubated for 24 h in serum-free medium containing oleic acid bound to albumin than for cells incubated with albumin alone. Oleic acid also resulted in a 2-3-fold accumulation of cellular triacylglycerol for HepG2 cells and Caco-2 cells. Cellular apoB and media and cellular apoA-I concentrations were not affected by oleic acid. Immunoblotting with a monoclonal antibody against human apoB confirmed a greater mass of apoB in media from HepG2 and Caco-2 cells incubated with oleic acid. Radiolabeled apoB-100 was also increased in media from HepG2 and Caco-2 cells incubated with [35S]methionine for 24 h in the presence of oleic acid, suggesting ...

In mammals, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-2 (LRP2) is an endocytic receptor that binds multiple ligands and is essential for a wide range of physiological processes. To gain new insights into the biology of this complex protein, we have initiated the molecular characterization of the LRP2 homolog from an oviparous species, the chicken (Gallus gallus). The galline LRP2 cDNA encodes a membrane protein of 4658 residues. Overall, the galline and human proteins are 73% identical, indicating that the avian gene has been well conserved over 300 million years. Unexpectedly, LRP2 transcript and protein levels in the kidney of females and estrogen-treated roosters were significantly higher than those in untreated males. The estrogen-responsiveness of avian LRP2 may be related to the dramatic differences in lipoprotein metabolism between mature roosters and laying hens. Newly identified potential estrogen-responsive elements (ERE) in the human and galline LRP2 gene, and additional Sp1 sites present in the promoter of the chicken gene, are compatible with both direct estrogen induction via the classical ligand-induced ERE pathway and the indirect transcription factor crosstalk pathway engaging the Sp1 sites. In agreement with this assumption, estrogen induction of LRP2 was observed not only in primary cultured chicken kidney cells, but also human kidney cell lines. These findings point to novel regulatory features of the LRP2 gene resulting in sex-specific receptor expression.► First molecular characterization of a non-mammalian LRP2 ► LRP2 is highly conserved from chicken to man. ► Induction by estrogen of LRP2 in‐vivo and in cultured kidney cells of chicken and man ► Identification of estrogen-responsive elements in the galline and human genes