One of the ways in which Rome ensured peace with potential enemies which is (perhaps unsurprisingly) not emphasised in the sources, was by paying them off. Domitian’s peace with Dacia included an annual stipend -Trajan may have ceased paying it which

Archaeologists working in the ‘Gomila’ area of Zakotorac on Croatia’s Pelješac peninsula have unearthed a 2,500-year-old ‘Illyriantype’ helmet. The newly discovered bronze helmet has been dated to the 6th century BC. The helmet, damaged at the top, m

Livy describes all the major conflicts in his history of Rome, including the Samnite wars, while illustrating the norms and values of Rome’s adversaries and their military characteristics. The following description is probably the most extensive sour

Evidence of Hannibal’s famous march to Italy may have been found in the burned-out ruins of buildings atTossal de Baltarga farming settlement in Spain, according to archaeologists. “The destruction was dated around the end of the third century BC” sa

The solution to Tacfarinas’ revolt raises several fascinating points to consider for wider imperial history. Africa was a non-military province but needed a vir militaris to deal with the unprecedented military threat. In AD 21, Tiberius advised the

While Byzantine Roman sources highlight Sasanian interactions primarily with the Byzano-Roman East, the Byzantine Roman Empire was not the only, or even most important, strategic concern of the Sasanians. Like the earlier Achaemenid and Arsacid Empir

The revolts of the early Imperial period were not the first time that Rome had found itself waging war against its former allies. A century earlier, many of Rome’s Italian city-state allies had rebelled, leading to the outbreak of the Social War in 9

By Nic Fields ISBN: 978-1472854919 Osprey Campaign (2023) - £16.99 www.ospreypublishing.com The latest ancient-themed Campaign title (393) covers the wars of Caius Marius against the Cimbri and Teutones, with illustrations by Johnny Shumate. Off the

The two infantry figures fighting on one of the smaller plaques are depicted in similar skirted, high neck-guard heavy armour. Both hold lances with two hands and wear crested helmets - that is, they are armed and armoured as the cavalry figures are,

We do have examples of silverware buried in Naissus, perhaps as the Huns approached or sacked the city in 443. A set of five silver plates celebrating the tenth anniversary of Licinius I (therefore dating to AD 318) were found in Niš in 1901. It is p

In her long history, Rome faced many enemies; from the cities next door in her early history to the other peoples of Italy as she expanded throughout the Italian Peninsula. When Rome made its first attempts at an overseas empire in the third century

A proper declaration of war, performed by the fetiales priests (see also AWVII.3), was essential for Rome. Without a reasonable justification, going to war was nefas, morally wrong and liable to be punished by the gods. The list of allowed reasons fo

A 2,700-year-old Pre-Roman-period necropolis has been discovered by archaeologists during excavations in Campania, Italy. The large Iron Age cemetery is spread across 13,000 square metres (140,000 square feet) of open space. A total of 88 cinerary an

Romanian archaeologists have found many artefacts that give a comprehensive image of the equipment of Dacian warriors. These artefacts are similar to, or even the same as, the pieces sculpted on Trajan’s Column, suggesting that its depictions of Daci

By Raffaele D’Amato ct Stephen Pollington ISBN: 978-1472855350 Osprey Elite (2023) - 14.99 www.ospreypublishing.com Following on from Post-Roman Kingdoms: ‘Dark Ages’ Gaul & Britain, AD 450-800 (reviewed in AW 16.2) comes the sequel (of sorts) coveri

Before the Storm Mike Duncan’s Before the Storm, tracing “the beginning of the end of the Roman Republic”, explores a relatively neglected period in Roman military history but one which set the scene for what was to follow. In an accessible narrative

readings Want to learn more about all the various tribes, kingdoms, and empires that Rome ended up butting heads with over the centuries? Here are a few book and articles that you can check out. By Joanne Ball Pen & Sword, 2023 ISBN: 978-1399088329 T

Diodorus gives credit to Philip of Macedon for the creation of the phalanx (16.3.1-2), but there is an account that someone else was responsible. A fragment of the fourth century BC historian Anaximenes of Lampsacus credits the reforms of the Macedon

“Half of ancient history” - that’s how Jona Lendering, founding editor of Ancient History and webmaster of Livius.org, qualified Rome to me some years ago. When it comes to the available sources — texts, inscriptions, archaeology — all put together,

Editor-in-chief: Jasper Oorthuys Assistant editor: Murray Dahm News editor: Lindsay Powell Image research: Lauren van Zoonen Design & Media: Christianne C. Beall Design © 2016-2021 Karwansaray Publishers Contributors: Jo Ball, Joe Broderick, Matthew

MORE ONLINE Read more about these findings: https://bit.ly/44W2Hsk In 1916, workers found bones in gravel from the shore of Barmfjorden, Norway. The remains, dating back 4,000 years, belonged to a young man. Found alongside the bones at Fausland farm