Studies in humans and mice show an important role for Tregs in the control of immunological disorders. The mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive functions of Tregs are not well understood. Here, we show that CD4+ T cells expressing Foxp3 and membrane-bound TGF-β (TGF-βm+Foxp3+), previously shown to be immunosuppressive in both allergic and autoimmune diseases, activate the Notch1–hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Notch1-HES1) axis in target cells. Soluble TGF-β and cells secreting similar levels of soluble TGF-β were unable to trigger Notch1 activation. Inhibition of Notch1 activation in vivo reversed the immunosuppressive functions of TGF-βm+Foxp3+ cells, resulting in severe allergic airway inflammation. Integration of the TGF-β and Notch1 pathways may be an important mechanism for the maintenance of immune homeostasis in the periphery.
Marina Ostroukhova, Zengbiao Qi, Timothy B. Oriss, Barbara Dixon-McCarthy, rabir Ray,, Anuradha Ray
Usage data is cumulative from September 2023 through September 2024.
Usage | JCI | PMC |
---|---|---|
Text version | 391 | 64 |
99 | 33 | |
Figure | 318 | 23 |
Citation downloads | 42 | 0 |
Totals | 850 | 120 |
Total Views | 970 |
Usage information is collected from two different sources: this site (JCI) and Pubmed Central (PMC). JCI information (compiled daily) shows human readership based on methods we employ to screen out robotic usage. PMC information (aggregated monthly) is also similarly screened of robotic usage.
Various methods are used to distinguish robotic usage. For example, Google automatically scans articles to add to its search index and identifies itself as robotic; other services might not clearly identify themselves as robotic, or they are new or unknown as robotic. Because this activity can be misinterpreted as human readership, data may be re-processed periodically to reflect an improved understanding of robotic activity. Because of these factors, readers should consider usage information illustrative but subject to change.