Proximal symphalangism is a condition characterized by variable fusion of the proximal interphalangeal joints. Multiple synostosis syndrome (SYNS) is a more severe form of proximal symphalangism with additional bone fusions involving carpal, tarsal, and other joints.
Category
Congenital malformation
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
20 Developmental anomalies
Structural developmental anomalies primarily affecting one body system
Structural developmental anomalies of the skeleton
LB90 Joint formation defects
H00484 Multiple synostosis syndrome
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
Signal transduction
nt06507 TGFB signaling
H00484 Multiple synostosis syndrome
Wu XL, Gu MM, Huang L, Liu XS, Zhang HX, Ding XY, Xu JQ, Cui B, Wang L, Lu SY, Chen XY, Zhang HG, Huang W, Yuan WT, Yang JM, Gu Q, Fei J, Chen Z, Yuan ZM, Wang ZG
Title
Multiple synostoses syndrome is due to a missense mutation in exon 2 of FGF9 gene.
Wang J, Yu T, Wang Z, Ohte S, Yao RE, Zheng Z, Geng J, Cai H, Ge Y, Li Y, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Gusella JF, Fu Q, Pregizer S, Rosen V, Shen Y
Title
A New Subtype of Multiple Synostoses Syndrome Is Caused by a Mutation in GDF6 That Decreases Its Sensitivity to Noggin and Enhances Its Potency as a BMP Signal.
