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26 pages, 6598 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Aronia melanocarpa and Their Biological Evaluation

by Andreia Corciovă, Cornelia Mircea, Adrian Fifere, Ioana-Andreea Turin-Moleavin, Irina Roşca, Irina Macovei, Bianca Ivănescu, Ana-Maria Vlase, Monica Hăncianu and Ana Flavia Burlec

Life 2024, 14(9), 1211; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091211 - 23 Sep 2024

Viewed by 674

Abstract

In the present study, two A. melanocarpa berry extracts were used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). After the optimization of synthesis, the AgNPs were characterized using UV–Vis, FTIR, EDX, DLS, and STEM analyses. The stability in different media, phytotoxicity, as well [...] Read more.

In the present study, two A. melanocarpa berry extracts were used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). After the optimization of synthesis, the AgNPs were characterized using UV–Vis, FTIR, EDX, DLS, and STEM analyses. The stability in different media, phytotoxicity, as well as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were also evaluated. The ideal synthesis conditions were represented by a 3 mM AgNO₃ concentration, 1:9 extract:AgNO₃ volume ratio, alkaline medium, and stirring at 40 °C for 120 min. The synthesis was confirmed by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 403 nm, and the strong signal at 3 keV from the EDX spectra. FTIR analysis indicated that polyphenols, polysaccharides, and amino acids could be the compounds responsible for synthesis. Stability tests and the negative zeta potential values showed that phytocompounds also play a role in the stabilization and capping of AgNPs. The preliminary phytotoxicity studies on T. aestivum showed that both the extracts and their corresponding AgNPs had an impact on the growth of roots and shoots as well as on the microscopic structure of leaves. The synthesized AgNPs presented antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. Moreover, considering the results obtained in the lipoxygenase inhibition, the DPPH and hydroxyl scavenging activities, and the ferrous ion chelating assay, AgNPs exhibit promising antioxidant activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications of Bioactive Compounds in Lifelong Disorders)

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62 pages, 574 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Association between Food Groups, Nutraceuticals, and Food Supplements Consumption on Vascular Health Outcomes: A Literature Review

by Xenophon Theodoridis, Michail Chourdakis, Androniki Papaemmanouil, Stavroula Chaloulakou, Niki Papageorgiou, Athina Vasiliki Georgakou, Georgios Chatzis and Areti Triantafyllou

Life 2024, 14(9), 1210; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091210 - 23 Sep 2024

Viewed by 374

Abstract

Vascular aging, marked by alterations in the structure and function of blood vessels, including heightened arterial stiffness and impaired endothelial function, is linked to a higher likelihood of developing cardiovascular and age-associated pathological conditions. Oxidative stress and inflammation are key stimulation factors in [...] Read more.

Vascular aging, marked by alterations in the structure and function of blood vessels, including heightened arterial stiffness and impaired endothelial function, is linked to a higher likelihood of developing cardiovascular and age-associated pathological conditions. Oxidative stress and inflammation are key stimulation factors in vascular aging. Engaging in healthy dietary habits could enhance the functioning of blood vessels. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review of the evidence regarding the relationship between food regimens, nutraceuticals, and dietary supplements and vascular health. A search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection, was performed. Experimental and observational studies evaluating the association between food groups, nutraceuticals, supplements, and endothelial function and/or arterial stiffness were deemed eligible for this narrative review. Based on the current body of the included studies, food groups, nutraceuticals, and dietary supplements may not demonstrate superiority over placebos in enhancing markers of vascular health. To obtain more reliable evidence on the effectiveness of interventions in vascular health, additional RCTs with larger sample sizes, extended follow-up periods, and multi-center participation are necessary. Enhancing the credibility of these RCTs requires better control of dietary variables and more precise measurement of vascular health markers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Vascular Disease)

18 pages, 5936 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Morphophysiological and Histopathological Effects of Ammonium Sulfate Fertilizer on Aporrectodea trapezoides (Dugès, 1828) Earthworm

by Khaoula Aouaichia, Nedjoud Grara, Kamel Eddine Bazri, Edison Barbieri, Nedjma Mamine, Hadia Hemmami, Anna Capaldo, Luigi Rosati and Stefano Bellucci

Life 2024, 14(9), 1209; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091209 - 23 Sep 2024

Viewed by 637

Abstract

The present study used the adult earthworm Aporrectodea trapezoides as a bioindicator species to look into the possible dangers of ammonium sulfate (AS) fertilizer. Two complementary toxicity tests were conducted to determine the LC50values, growth rate inhibition, morphological alterations, and histopathological texture of [...] Read more.

The present study used the adult earthworm Aporrectodea trapezoides as a bioindicator species to look into the possible dangers of ammonium sulfate (AS) fertilizer. Two complementary toxicity tests were conducted to determine the LC50values, growth rate inhibition, morphological alterations, and histopathological texture of worms. The lethality test included four increasing concentrations of AS fertilizer (ranging from 2500 to 7500 mg/kg of dry soil weight (d.w.)), while sub-lethal concentrations were based on 10%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of the 14-day median lethal concentration (LC50), with a control group included for both tests. The LC₍₅₀₎ values for AS fertilizer were significantly higher at 7 days (4831.13 mg/kg d.w.) than at 14 days (2698.67 mg/kg d.w.) of exposure. Notably, earthworms exhibited significant growth rate inhibition under exposure to various concentrations and time durations (14/28 exposure days). Morphological alterations such as clitellar swelling, bloody lesions, whole body coiling and constriction, body strangulation, and fragmentation were accentuated steadily, with higher concentrations. Histopathological manifestations included severe injuries to the circular and longitudinal muscular layers, vacuolation, muscle layer atrophy, degradation of the chloragogenous tissue in the intestine, collapsed digestive epithelium of the pharynx with weak reserve inclusion, and fibrosis of blood vessels. These effects were primarily influenced by increasing concentrations of fertilizer and time exposure. The study highlights the strong relationship between concentration and exposure time responses and underscores the potential of A. trapezoides earthworms as valuable biological control agents against acidic ammonium sulfate fertilizer. Importantly, this research contributes to the use of such biomarkers in evaluating soil toxicity and the biological control of environmental risk assessment associated with chemical fertilizers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessments of Bioactive and Toxic Substances in Cellular and Animal Models)

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26 pages, 2883 KiB

Open AccessReview

Practical Use of Ultrasound in Modern Rheumatology—From A to Z

by Tanya Sapundzhieva, Lyubomir Sapundzhiev and Anastas Batalov

Life 2024, 14(9), 1208; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091208 - 23 Sep 2024

Viewed by 909

Abstract

During the past 20 years, the use of ultrasound (US) in rheumatology has increased tremendously, and has become a valuable tool in rheumatologists’ hands, not only for assessment of musculoskeletal structures like joints and peri-articular tissues, but also for evaluation of nerves, vessels, [...] Read more.

During the past 20 years, the use of ultrasound (US) in rheumatology has increased tremendously, and has become a valuable tool in rheumatologists’ hands, not only for assessment of musculoskeletal structures like joints and peri-articular tissues, but also for evaluation of nerves, vessels, lungs, and skin, as well as for increasing the accuracy in a number of US-guided aspirations and injections. The US is currently used as the imaging method of choice for establishing an early diagnosis, assessing disease activity, monitoring treatment efficacy, and assessing the remission state of inflammatory joint diseases. It is also used as a complementary tool for the assessment of patients with degenerative joint diseases like osteoarthritis, and in the detection of crystal deposits for establishing the diagnosis of metabolic arthropathies (gout, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease). The US has an added value in the diagnostic process of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis, and is currently included in the classification criteria. A novel use of US in the assessment of the skin and lung involvement in connective tissue diseases has the potential to replace more expensive and risky imaging modalities. This narrative review will take a close look at the most recent evidence-based data regarding the use of US in the big spectrum of rheumatic diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Building Bridges between Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases in Rheumatology and Gastroenterology)

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8 pages, 218 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Avoided and Avoidable Deaths with the Use of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma in Italy during the First Two Years of Pandemic

by Massimo Franchini, Arturo Casadevall, Quigly Dragotakes and Daniele Focosi

Life 2024, 14(9), 1207; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091207 - 23 Sep 2024

Viewed by 328

Abstract

Italy was the first western country to be hit by the COVID-19 pandemic and has suffered nearly 200,000 deaths so far during the four years of the pandemic. In March 2020, Italy first deployed COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) to treat hospitalized patients. Despite [...] Read more.

Italy was the first western country to be hit by the COVID-19 pandemic and has suffered nearly 200,000 deaths so far during the four years of the pandemic. In March 2020, Italy first deployed COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) to treat hospitalized patients. Despite this initial effort, the proportion of COVID-19 patients treated with CCP during the first two years of the pandemic (2020–2021) was very low (approximately 2% of individuals hospitalized for COVID-19). In this study, we estimated the number of actual inpatient lives saved by CCP treatment in Italy using national mortality data, and CCP mortality reduction data from meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials and real-world data. We also estimated the potential number of lives saved if CCP had been deployed to 100% of hospitalized patients or used in 15% to 75% of outpatients. According to these models, CCP usage in 2020–2021 saved between 385–1304 lives, but this number would have increased to 17,751–60,079 if 100% of inpatients had been transfused with CCP. Similarly, broader (15–75%) usage in outpatients could have prevented 21,187–190,689 hospitalizations (desaturating hospitals) and 6144–81,926 deaths. These data have important implications for convalescent plasma use in future infectious disease emergencies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Investigations: Characteristics, Clinical Course, Prevention, Treatment and Prognosis)

19 pages, 1772 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Paraclinical Investigations in Detecting Inflammation in Children and Adolescents with Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

by Mihaela-Andreea Podeanu, Ștefănița Bianca Vintilescu, Claudiu Marinel Ionele, Raluca Elena Sandu, Carmen Elena Niculescu, Mirela-Marinela Florescu and Mioara Desdemona Stepan

Life 2024, 14(9), 1206; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091206 - 23 Sep 2024

Viewed by 437

Abstract

Obesity is linked to the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), even among the pediatric population. Some inflammatory and cardioembolic indexes derived from routine laboratory tests have captivated the attention of the medical community. Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate [...] Read more.

Obesity is linked to the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), even among the pediatric population. Some inflammatory and cardioembolic indexes derived from routine laboratory tests have captivated the attention of the medical community. Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate whether these markers are effective in distinguishing varying degrees of obesity and MetS in children and adolescents. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study. A total of 71 children and adolescents, aged between 6 and 16, were included in the study. Among them, 5 were overweight, 35 had obesity, and 31 had severe obesity. According to the NCEP ATP III criteria, 32 individuals had Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), while 39 did not have MetS. Results: The MetS positive group had higher values of TG/HDL-C (p < 0.001), TC/HDL-C (p < 0.001), MHR (p = 0.015), LHR (p = 0.001), NHR (p = 0.001), atherogenic index of plasma (p < 0.001), and PHR (p < 0.001). ESR, NLR, PLR, and SII did not progressively increase with the number of MetS criteria. The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that markers such as TG/HDL-C, the atherogenic index of plasma, TC/HDL-C, LHR, NHR, and PHR were effective in identifying MetS in children and adolescents with obesity. Conclusions: In conclusion, we determined that some novel inflammatory and cardioembolic indexes are useful in assessing MetS and obesity in children and adolescents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obesity: Precision Diagnosis, Personalised Treatment, Patient Engagement and Recognition as a Disease)

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16 pages, 541 KiB

Open AccessReview

Advances in Extremophile Research: Biotechnological Applications through Isolation and Identification Techniques

by Giovanni Gallo and Martina Aulitto

Life 2024, 14(9), 1205; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091205 - 23 Sep 2024

Viewed by 964

Abstract

Extremophiles, organisms thriving in extreme environments such as hot springs, deep-sea hydrothermal vents, and hypersaline ecosystems, have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable adaptability and biotechnological potential. This review presents recent advancements in isolating and characterizing extremophiles, highlighting their applications in enzyme [...] Read more.

Extremophiles, organisms thriving in extreme environments such as hot springs, deep-sea hydrothermal vents, and hypersaline ecosystems, have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable adaptability and biotechnological potential. This review presents recent advancements in isolating and characterizing extremophiles, highlighting their applications in enzyme production, bioplastics, environmental management, and space exploration. The unique biological mechanisms of extremophiles offer valuable insights into life’s resilience and potential uses in industry and astrobiology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extremophiles Breakthrough: Hot Topics and Current Issues in Their Isolation, Identification and Biotechnological Applications)

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16 pages, 2953 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Drying Methods on the Phytochemical Contents, Antioxidant Properties, and Anti-Diabetic Activity of Nasturtium officinale R.Br. (Betong Watercress) from Southern Thailand

by Praporn Kijkuokool, Irina Stepanov, Sakaewan Ounjaijean, Pimpisid Koonyosying, Kittipan Rerkasem, Hataichanok Chuljerm, Wason Parklak and Kanokwan Kulprachakarn

Life 2024, 14(9), 1204; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091204 - 23 Sep 2024

Viewed by 902

Abstract

Nasturtium officinale R.Br. (Betong watercress) contains high levels of secondary metabolites that offer health benefits. However, fresh-cut watercress has a short shelf life. This study aimed to assess the effect of drying methods on the phytochemical contents, antioxidant activity, and anti-diabetic activity of [...] Read more.

Nasturtium officinale R.Br. (Betong watercress) contains high levels of secondary metabolites that offer health benefits. However, fresh-cut watercress has a short shelf life. This study aimed to assess the effect of drying methods on the phytochemical contents, antioxidant activity, and anti-diabetic activity of Betong watercress. The watercress was dried using three methods: roasting (R, 50 °C, 40 min); roasting and drying (RD, 40 min roasting at 50 °C and 1 h drying at 80 °C); and blanching, roasting, and drying (BRD, 30 s blanching at 80 °C, 20 min roasting at 50 °C, and 1 h drying at 80 °C). Aqueous extracts from each drying method were analyzed for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total glucosinolate content, antioxidant activities (FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays), and α-amylase enzyme inhibition. From the results, the R method provided the highest level of total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total glucosionolate content compared to the RD and BRD methods. Similarly, antioxidant activities and α-amylase enzyme inhibition were highest in the R method, followed by the RD and BRD methods. Our results demonstrate that roasting of Betong watercress without the addition of blanching or drying effectively preserves the phytochemical contents, antioxidant activities, and anti-diabetic activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Biomedical Applications of Plants and Plant Extracts)

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17 pages, 1188 KiB

Open AccessReview

Converging Pathways: A Review of Pulmonary Hypertension in Interstitial Lung Disease

by Alexandra Lawrence, Katherine Jane Myall, Bhashkar Mukherjee and Philip Marino

Life 2024, 14(9), 1203; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091203 - 23 Sep 2024

Viewed by 766

Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in interstitial lung disease (ILD) is relatively common, affecting up to 50% of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). It occurs more frequently in advanced fibrotic ILD, although it may also complicate milder disease and carries significant clinical implications in [...] Read more.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in interstitial lung disease (ILD) is relatively common, affecting up to 50% of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). It occurs more frequently in advanced fibrotic ILD, although it may also complicate milder disease and carries significant clinical implications in terms of morbidity and mortality. Key pathological processes driving ILD-PH include hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodelling. While current understanding of the complex cell signalling pathways and molecular mechanisms underlying ILD-PH remains incomplete, there is evidence for an interplay between the disease pathogenesis of fibrotic ILD and PH, with interest in the role of the pulmonary endothelium in driving pulmonary fibrogenesis more recently. This review examines key clinical trials in ILD-PH therapeutics, including recent research showing promise for the treatment of both ILD-PH and the underlying pulmonary fibrotic process, further supporting the hypothesis of interrelated pathogenesis. Other important management considerations are discussed, including the value of accurate phenotyping in ILD-PH and the success of the “pulmonary vascular” phenotype. This article highlights the close and interconnected nature of fibrotic ILD and PH disease pathogenesis, a perspective likely to improve our understanding and therapeutic approach to this complex condition in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)

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28 pages, 5610 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Reproductive Performance of the Alpine Plant Species Ranunculus kuepferi in a Climatic Elevation Gradient: Apomictic Tetraploids Do Not Show a General Fitness Advantage over Sexual Diploids

by Ursula Ladinig, Elvira Hörandl, Simone Klatt and Johanna Wagner

Life 2024, 14(9), 1202; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091202 - 22 Sep 2024

Viewed by 447

Abstract

Previous studies on the mountain plant Ranunculus kuepferi concluded that apomictic self-compatible tetraploids have experienced a niche shift toward a colder climate during the Holocene, which suggests a fitness advantage over the sexual, self-sterile diploid parents under cold and stressful high-mountain conditions. However, [...] Read more.

Previous studies on the mountain plant Ranunculus kuepferi concluded that apomictic self-compatible tetraploids have experienced a niche shift toward a colder climate during the Holocene, which suggests a fitness advantage over the sexual, self-sterile diploid parents under cold and stressful high-mountain conditions. However, there is still a lack of information on whether reproductive development would be advantageous for tetraploids. Here, we report on microsporogenesis, megagametogenesis, the dynamics of flower and seed development, and the consequences for reproductive success in a common garden experiment along a 1000 m climatic elevation gradient and in natural populations. Flower buds were initiated in the year preceding anthesis and passed winter in a pre-meiotic stage. Flower morphology differed in the known cytotype-specific way in that tetraploid flowers produced about twice as many carpels and fewer petals, stamens, and pollen grains than diploid flowers. Tetraploids developed precociously aposporous embryo sacs and showed a high rate of developmental disturbances. Sexual seed formation prevailed in diploids and pseudogamous apomixis in tetraploids. Along the elevation gradient, stigma pollen load, pollen performance, and seed output decreased. Combinations of reproductive traits, namely, bypass of meiosis irregularities and uniparental reproduction, might have promoted the vast expansion of apomictic R. kuepferi lines across the European Alps. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Functional Genomics and Breeding)

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25 pages, 2871 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Immunological Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of TNF-Alpha and Dependent Trends in Serum IL-6 and CXCL8

by Catalina Mihaela Anastasescu, Veronica Gheorman, Eugen-Cristi Stoicanescu, Florica Popescu, Victor Gheorman and Ion Udriștoiu

Life 2024, 14(9), 1201; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091201 - 22 Sep 2024

Viewed by 558

Abstract

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has seen a rise in prevalence, and the immune system’s role in brain development is increasingly recognized. This study investigates the relationship between immune dysregulation and ASD by examining serum concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (CXCL8), [...] Read more.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has seen a rise in prevalence, and the immune system’s role in brain development is increasingly recognized. This study investigates the relationship between immune dysregulation and ASD by examining serum concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (CXCL8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in children. Methods: Serum samples from 45 children with ASD and 30 controls, aged 2 to 12 years, were analyzed using electrochemiluminescence, chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, and chemiluminescent immunoassay. ASD symptoms were assessed using the Autism Spectrum Rating Scale (ASRS) and Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). Results: No significant correlation was observed between CXCL8 levels and ASD. IL-6 levels showed a trend toward elevation in boys with ASD. TNF-alpha levels were significantly higher in children with ASD under 5 years compared to older children and controls, though no correlation with symptom severity was found. Conclusions: TNF-alpha may be a potential biomarker for early ASD detection, especially in younger children. Further research on larger cohorts is needed to understand the role of immune dysregulation in ASD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper in Physiology and Pathology: 2nd Edition)

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11 pages, 1649 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Digital Dermoscopy and Follow-Up in the Detection of Amelanotic/Hypomelanotic Melanoma in a Group of High-Risk Patients—Is It Useful?

by Ružica Jurakić Tončić, Lara Vasari, Daška Štulhofer Buzina, Daniela Ledić Drvar, Mikela Petković and Romana Čeović

Life 2024, 14(9), 1200; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091200 - 22 Sep 2024

Viewed by 384

Abstract

The prognosis, outcome, and overall survival of melanoma patients improve with early diagnosis which has been facilitated in the past few decades with the introduction of dermoscopy. Further advancements in dermoscopic research, coupled with skilled, educated dermatologists in dermoscopy, have contributed to timely [...] Read more.

The prognosis, outcome, and overall survival of melanoma patients improve with early diagnosis which has been facilitated in the past few decades with the introduction of dermoscopy. Further advancements in dermoscopic research, coupled with skilled, educated dermatologists in dermoscopy, have contributed to timely diagnoses. However, detecting amelanotic and hypomelanotic melanoma remains a challenge even to the most skilled experts because these melanomas can mimic inflammatory diseases, numerous benign lesions, and non-melanoma skin cancers. The list of the possible differential diagnoses can be long. Melanoma prediction without the pigment relies only on vascular criteria, and all classic dermoscopic algorithms have failed to fulfill our expectations. In fact, the diagnosis of amelanotic and hypomelanotic melanomas is very challenging, which is why every tool in detecting these lesions is of significance. This review aims to explore the current knowledge and the literature on the possibility of detecting amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanomas using sequential monitoring with digital dermoscopy and total body skin photography. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Dermatoscopy in Skin Diseases)

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10 pages, 7547 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Contrast-Enhanced Intraoperative Ultrasound Shows Excellent Performance in Improving Intraoperative Decision-Making

by Laura S. Kupke, Ivor Dropco, Markus Götz, Paul Kupke, Friedrich Jung, Christian Stroszczynski and Ernst-Michael Jung

Life 2024, 14(9), 1199; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091199 - 22 Sep 2024

Viewed by 374

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and the impact of contrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasound (CE-IOUS) on intraoperative decision-making, as there is still no standardized protocol for its use. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed multiple CE-IOUS performed in hepato-pancreatic-biliary surgery with [...] Read more.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and the impact of contrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasound (CE-IOUS) on intraoperative decision-making, as there is still no standardized protocol for its use. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed multiple CE-IOUS performed in hepato-pancreatic-biliary surgery with respect to pre- and postoperative imaging and histopathological findings. Methods: Data of 50 patients who underwent hepato-pancreatic-biliary surgery between 03/2022 and 03/2024 were retrospectively collected. CE-IOUS was performed with a linear 6–9 MHz multifrequency probe connected to a high-resolution device. The ultrasound contrast agent used was a stabilized aqueous suspension of sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles. Results: In total, all 50 lesions indicated for surgery were correctly identified. In 30 cases, CE-IOUS was used to localize the primary lesion and to define the resection margins. In the remaining 20 cases, CE-IOUS identified an additional lesion. Fifteen of these findings were identified as malignant. In eight of these cases, the additional malignant lesion was subsequently resected. In the remaining seven cases, CE-IOUS again revealed an inoperable situation. In summary, CE-IOUS diagnostics resulted in a high correct classification rate of 95.7%, with positive and negative predictive values of 95.2% and 100.0%, respectively. Conclusions: CE-IOUS shows excellent performance in describing intraoperative findings in hepato-pancreatic-biliary surgery, leading to a substantial impact on intraoperative decision-making. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microvascular Dynamics: Insights and Applications)

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30 pages, 1654 KiB

Open AccessReview

How Can Promoting Skeletal Muscle Health and Exercise in Children and Adolescents Prevent Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes?

by Valeria Calcaterra, Vittoria Carlotta Magenes, Alice Bianchi, Virginia Rossi, Alessandro Gatti, Luca Marin, Matteo Vandoni and Gianvincenzo Zuccotti

Life 2024, 14(9), 1198; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091198 - 21 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1086

Abstract

Skeletal muscle secretome, through its paracrine and endocrine functions, contributes to the maintenance and regulation of overall physiological health. We conducted a narrative review on the role of skeletal muscle and exercise in maintaining glucose homeostasis, driving insulin resistance (IR), and preventing type [...] Read more.

Skeletal muscle secretome, through its paracrine and endocrine functions, contributes to the maintenance and regulation of overall physiological health. We conducted a narrative review on the role of skeletal muscle and exercise in maintaining glucose homeostasis, driving insulin resistance (IR), and preventing type 2 diabetes in pediatric populations, especially in the context of overweight and obesity. Myokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-15, as well as irisin, myonectin, and myostatin, appear to play a crucial role in IR. Skeletal muscle can also become a target of obesity-induced and IR-induced inflammation. In the correlation between muscle, IR, and inflammation, the role of infiltration of the immune cells and the microvasculature may also be considered. It remains unclear which exercise approach is the best; however, combining aerobic exercise with resistance training seems to be the most effective strategy for managing IR, with high-intensity activities offering superior metabolic benefits and long-term adherence. Encouraging daily participation in enjoyable and engaging exercise is key for long-term commitment and effective glucose metabolism management. Promoting physical activity in children and adolescents must be a top priority for public health, not only in terms of individual quality of life and well-being but also for community health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Prevention and Treatment in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases)

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18 pages, 1176 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biomarkers and Data Visualization of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome: An Applicable Approach

by Christos Sotiropoulos, Nikolaos Giormezis, Vayianos Pertsas and Theodoros Tsirkas

Life 2024, 14(9), 1197; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091197 - 21 Sep 2024

Viewed by 484

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and insulin resistance (IR) are widespread yet often undetected in their early stages, contributing to a silent epidemic. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is also highly prevalent, increasing the chronic disease burden. Annual check-ups are inadequate for early detection due to [...] Read more.

Type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and insulin resistance (IR) are widespread yet often undetected in their early stages, contributing to a silent epidemic. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is also highly prevalent, increasing the chronic disease burden. Annual check-ups are inadequate for early detection due to conventional result formats that lack specific markers and comprehensive visualization. The aim of this study was to evaluate low-budget biochemical and hematological parameters, with data visualization, for identifying IR and MetS in a community-based laboratory. In a cross-sectional study with 1870 participants in Patras, Greece, blood samples were analyzed for key cardiovascular and inflammatory markers. IR diagnostic markers (TyG-Index, TyG-BMI, Triglycerides/HDL ratio, NLR) were compared with HOMA-IR. Innovative data visualization techniques were used to present metabolic profiles. Notable differences in parameters of cardiovascular risk and inflammation were observed between normal-weight and obese people, highlighting BMI as a significant risk factor. Also, the inflammation marker NHR (Neutrophils to HDL-Cholesterol Ratio) Index was successful at distinguishing the obese individuals and those with MetS from normal individuals. Additionally, a new diagnostic index of IR, combining BMI (Body Mass Index) and NHR Index, demonstrated better performance than other well-known indices. Lastly, data visualization significantly helped individuals understand their metabolic health patterns more clearly. BMI and NHR Index could play an essential role in assessing metabolic health patterns. Integrating specific markers and data visualization in routine check-ups enhances the early detection of IR and MetS, aiding in better patient awareness and adherence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Biomarkers: Recent Findings and Application in Pathological Condition Detection—2nd Edition)

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8 pages, 1614 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Prevalence of Demodex spp. Infestation in Dermatological Patients in Northern Poland

by Katarzyna Rychlik, Julia Sternicka, Monika Zabłotna, Roman J. Nowicki, Leszek Bieniaszewski and Dorota Purzycka-Bohdan

Life 2024, 14(9), 1196; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091196 - 21 Sep 2024

Viewed by 404

Abstract

The presence of Demodex spp. mites on the skin is a common phenomenon in the human population. In most people, it is an asymptomatic infestation, but in some patients, it can contribute to the occurrence of diseases such as demodicosis, rosacea, or blepharitis, [...] Read more.

The presence of Demodex spp. mites on the skin is a common phenomenon in the human population. In most people, it is an asymptomatic infestation, but in some patients, it can contribute to the occurrence of diseases such as demodicosis, rosacea, or blepharitis, as well as non-specific symptoms. In this study, the results of tests assessing the presence of Demodex spp. by direct microscopic examination (DME) in 2508 patients from northern Poland with the suspicion of demodicosis were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 3684 tests were performed. Among them, only 1585 (43.02%) revealed the presence of Demodex spp., while 2099 (56.98%) were negative. It was shown that in the analyzed population of patients with clinical suspicion of demodicosis, the degree of confirmation of the presence of Demodex spp. positively correlated with the patient’s age (p = 0.001) and the mite was mainly found on the edges of eyelids and on the facial skin. Additionally, in men, the presence of Demodex was more often confirmed than in women (p = 0.004). In conclusion, the proper diagnosis of demodicosis still constitutes an important clinical problem due to the non-specificity of symptoms and the low confirmation of clinical suspicions of infestation by DME, especially in lower age groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Dermatology: From Molecular Insights into Clinical Applications)

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17 pages, 5416 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tracing In-Hospital COVID-19 Outcomes: A Multistate Model Exploration (TRACE)

by Hamed Mohammadi, Hamid Reza Marateb, Mohammadreza Momenzadeh, Martin Wolkewitz and Manuel Rubio-Rivas

Life 2024, 14(9), 1195; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091195 - 21 Sep 2024

Viewed by 365

Abstract

This study aims to develop and apply multistate models to estimate, forecast, and manage hospital length of stay during the COVID-19 epidemic without using any external packages. Data from Bellvitge University Hospital in Barcelona, Spain, were analyzed, involving 2285 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with [...] Read more.

This study aims to develop and apply multistate models to estimate, forecast, and manage hospital length of stay during the COVID-19 epidemic without using any external packages. Data from Bellvitge University Hospital in Barcelona, Spain, were analyzed, involving 2285 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe conditions. The implemented multistate model includes transition probabilities and risk rates calculated from transitions between defined states, such as admission, ICU transfer, discharge, and death. In addition to examining key factors like age and gender, diabetes, lymphocyte count, comorbidity burden, symptom duration, and different COVID-19 waves were analyzed. Based on the model, patients hospitalized stay an average of 11.90 days before discharge, 2.84 days before moving to the ICU, or 34.21 days before death. ICU patients remain for about 24.08 days, with subsequent stays of 124.30 days before discharge and 35.44 days before death. These results highlight hospital stays’ varying durations and trajectories, providing critical insights into patient flow and healthcare resource utilization. Additionally, it can predict ICU peak loads for specific subgroups, aiding in preparedness. Future work will integrate the developed code into the hospital’s Health Information System (HIS) following ISO 13606 EHR standards and implement recursive methods to enhance the model’s efficiency and accuracy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Investigations: Characteristics, Clinical Course, Prevention, Treatment and Prognosis)

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11 pages, 2008 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diagnostic Challenges and Management of Relapsing Polychondritis with Large-Airway Involvement: A Case Series and Literature Review

by I-Chun Kuo, Chen-I Hsieh, Yi-Chan Lee, Li-Jen Hsin, Wan-Ni Lin and Michael J. Rutter

Life 2024, 14(9), 1194; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091194 - 21 Sep 2024

Viewed by 794

Abstract

Objectives: Our aim was to investigate the diagnostic challenges and management of relapsing polychondritis (RP) with airway involvement, highlighting the need for accurate diagnosis and effective intervention to prevent severe complications. Methods: In this retrospective study, medical records from January 2011 through June [...] Read more.

Objectives: Our aim was to investigate the diagnostic challenges and management of relapsing polychondritis (RP) with airway involvement, highlighting the need for accurate diagnosis and effective intervention to prevent severe complications. Methods: In this retrospective study, medical records from January 2011 through June 2024 at a single tertiary-care institution were reviewed. This study was approved by the institutional review board. A total of 34 patients were diagnosed with RP, among whom 4 presented with significant airway complications. This study focused on these four patients, detailing their clinical presentations, diagnostic processes, and outcomes following various interventions. Results: All patients were initially misdiagnosed with asthma and later developed severe airway issues necessitating interventions such as tracheotomy and endotracheal intubation. Diagnostic imaging, microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy (MLB) were crucial for identifying subglottic stenosis and other airway alterations. Treatments included high-dose steroids, rituximab, and surgical interventions such as balloon dilation and tracheostomy. Only one patient could be decannulated; the other three remained dependent on tracheostomy and experienced significant complications due to emergency medical interventions. Conclusions: RP can manifest with nonspecific respiratory symptoms similar to asthma, which may delay correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment, leading to critical airway complications. The early, precise identification of RP, particularly with airway involvement, is vital. MLB and dynamic expiratory CT scans play significant roles in clinical diagnosis and management. A multidisciplinary approach involving otolaryngologists, rheumatologists, and pulmonologists is essential for optimizing patient outcomes and minimizing complications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune Disease)

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15 pages, 3609 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Magnesium Sulfate, Rosuvastatin, Sildenafil and Their Combination in Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Male Rats

by Silvana-Elena Hojda, Irina Camelia Chis and Simona Clichici

Life 2024, 14(9), 1193; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091193 - 20 Sep 2024

Viewed by 474

Abstract

Previous experimental findings have led to considerable interest in the beneficial effects on pulmonary hypertension (PH) produced by sildenafil and in the pleiotropic effects of rosuvastatin and their positive role in the process of pulmonary angiogenesis. However, magnesium sulfate, the most abundant intracellular [...] Read more.

Previous experimental findings have led to considerable interest in the beneficial effects on pulmonary hypertension (PH) produced by sildenafil and in the pleiotropic effects of rosuvastatin and their positive role in the process of pulmonary angiogenesis. However, magnesium sulfate, the most abundant intracellular cation, is essential in vascular endothelial functionality due to its anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory effects. Therefore, the present study aims to assess these treatment regimens and how they could potentially provide some additional benefits in PH therapy. Fourteen days after chronic-hypoxia PH was induced, rosuvastatin, sildenafil and magnesium sulfate were administered for an additional fourteen days to male Wistar rats. The Fulton Index, right ventricle (RV) anterior wall thickness, RV internal diameter and pulmonary arterial (PA) acceleration time/ejection time were evaluated, and another four biochemical parameters were calculated: brain natriuretic peptide, vascular endothelial growth factor, nitric oxide metabolites and endothelin 1. The present study demonstrates that sildenafil and rosuvastatin have modest effects in reducing RV hypertrophy and RV systolic pressure. The drug combination of sildenafil + rosuvastatin + magnesium sulfate recorded statistically very highly significant results on all parameters; through their positive synergistic effects on vascular endothelial function, oxidative stress and pathological RV remodeling, they attenuated PH in the chronic hypoxia pulmonary hypertension (CHPH) rat model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pharmaceutical Science)

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29 pages, 7127 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Method for Real-Time Lung Nodule Instance Segmentation Using Deep Learning

by Antonella Santone, Francesco Mercaldo and Luca Brunese

Life 2024, 14(9), 1192; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091192 - 20 Sep 2024

Viewed by 851

Abstract

Lung screening is really crucial in the early detection and management of masses, with particular regard to cancer. Studies have shown that lung cancer screening, can reduce lung cancer mortality by 20–30% in high-risk populations. In recent times, the advent of deep learning, [...] Read more.

Lung screening is really crucial in the early detection and management of masses, with particular regard to cancer. Studies have shown that lung cancer screening, can reduce lung cancer mortality by 20–30% in high-risk populations. In recent times, the advent of deep learning, with particular regard to computer vision, demonstrated the ability to effectively detect and locate objects from video streams and also (medical) images. Considering these aspects, in this paper, we propose a method aimed to perform instance segmentation, i.e., by providing a mask for each lung mass instance detected, allowing for the identification of individual masses even if they overlap or are close to each other by classifying the detected masses into (generic) nodules, cancer or adenocarcinoma. In this paper, we considered the you-only-look-once model for lung nodule segmentation. An experimental analysis, performed on a set of real-world lung computed tomography images, demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method not only in the detection of lung masses but also in lung mass segmentation, thus providing a helpful way not only for radiologist to conduct automatic lung screening but also for discovering very small masses not easily recognizable to the naked eye and that may deserve attention. As a matter of fact, in the evaluation of a dataset composed of 3654 lung scans, the proposed method obtains an average precision of 0.757 and an average recall of 0.738 in the classification task. Additionally, it reaches an average mask precision of 0.75 and an average mask recall of 0.733. These results indicate that the proposed method is capable of not only classifying masses as nodules, cancer, and adenocarcinoma, but also effectively segmenting the areas, thereby performing instance segmentation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Biomarkers: Recent Findings and Application in Pathological Condition Detection—2nd Edition)

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24 pages, 2986 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of the Phenological Stage on the Phenolic Composition, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Extracts

by Urte Griskeviciene, Justina Dambrauskiene, Mindaugas Marksa, Zaneta Mazeliene, Rimanta Vainoriene and Liudas Ivanauskas

Life 2024, 14(9), 1191; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091191 - 20 Sep 2024

Viewed by 489

Abstract

Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. is a plant from the Asteraceae family that is commonly used in traditional medicine. The purpose of this work was to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics of phenolic compounds found in ethanol and dry extracts of C. vulgare [...] Read more.

Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. is a plant from the Asteraceae family that is commonly used in traditional medicine. The purpose of this work was to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics of phenolic compounds found in ethanol and dry extracts of C. vulgare leaves, inflorescence, and roots during various phenological stages. Apigenin-7-O-glucoside and chlorogenic acid were identified in practically all C. vulgare extracts. Extracts from leaves collected at the end of the phenological dormancy period and in the first growing year had the highest antioxidant (cupric ion-reducing antioxidant capacity of 12,938 Trolox equivalents/g dry weight) and antimicrobial activity (against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, and Candida albicans) with MIC values of ethanol extract from 16.7 mg/mL to 8.35 mg/mL. These extracts included a high concentration of chlorogenic acid and apigenin-7-O-glucoside. Also, dry extracts from C. vulgare roots and inflorescences showed a higher antimicrobial effect compared to ethanolic extracts with MIC values from 5.57 mg/mL to 3 mg/mL. The study emphasizes the critical role of phenological stages and raw material composition in the accumulation of phenolic compounds and their biological activity in C. vulgare. The findings suggest that extracts from C. vulgare leaves, especially those collected at the end of the phonological dormancy period, are promising candidates for further research into bioactive compounds with potential medicinal applications. The strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties of these extracts highlight their potential for development into natural pharmaceutical products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Natural Compounds: Therapeutic Insights and Applications)

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11 pages, 3725 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Potential Protective Effect of Hesperidin (Vitamin P) against Glyphosate-Induced Spermatogenesis Damage in Male Rats: Biochemical and Histopathological Findings on Reproductive Parameters

by Şükrü Güngör, Murat Kırıkkulak, Barış Denk, Mehmet Fuat Gülhan, Özay Güleş, Duygu Budak, Muhammed Enes İnanç, Fatih Avdatek, Deniz Yeni and Umut Taşdemir

Life 2024, 14(9), 1190; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091190 - 20 Sep 2024

Viewed by 464

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of hesperidin (HES) on testicular histopathological changes, biochemical changes, and semen characteristics in rats exposed to glyphosate (GLP). The control group was given a normal diet devoid of GLP and HES, the HES [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of hesperidin (HES) on testicular histopathological changes, biochemical changes, and semen characteristics in rats exposed to glyphosate (GLP). The control group was given a normal diet devoid of GLP and HES, the HES group was given 100 mg/kg/day HES with the normal diet, the GLP group was given GLP at the LD₅₀/10 dose of normal feed, which was 787.85 mg/kg/day, and the GLP + HES group was given normal feed containing 787.85 mg/kg/day LD₅₀/10 dose of GLP in addition to 100 mg/kg/day HES. GLP administration reduced sperm motility, sperm plasma membrane integrity, glutathione levels, and total antioxidant levels in the testicular tissues of rats. Moreover, it caused an increase in right testis and left epididymis weights, abnormal sperm counts, malondialdehyde levels, total oxidant status, and DNA damage. The HES treatment showed curative effects on these parameters. Furthermore, HES was effective in lessening the histopathological damage that was caused by GLP. The results showedthat HES protects spermatological parameters and DNA integrity, improves antioxidant defenses, and lowers the damage and lipid peroxidation caused by GLP in testicular tissue. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Reproductive and Developmental Biology)

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10 pages, 275 KiB

Open AccessReview

Metabolic Shift and Hyperosmolarity Underlie Age-Related Macular Degeneration

by Laurent Schwartz, Jules Schwartz, Marc Henry and Ashraf Bakkar

Life 2024, 14(9), 1189; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091189 - 20 Sep 2024

Viewed by 441

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is both a poorly understood and devastating disease. Here, we analyze the physico-chemical forces at stake, including osmolarity, redox shift, and pressure due to inflammation. Hyperosmolarity plays a key role in diseases of the anterior segment of the eye [...] Read more.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is both a poorly understood and devastating disease. Here, we analyze the physico-chemical forces at stake, including osmolarity, redox shift, and pressure due to inflammation. Hyperosmolarity plays a key role in diseases of the anterior segment of the eye such as glaucoma, cataracts or dry eyes, and corneal ulceration. However, its role in macular degeneration has been largely overlooked. Hyperosmolarity is responsible for metabolic shifts such as aerobic glycolysis which increases lactate secretion by Muller cells. Increased osmolarity will also cause neoangiogenesis and cell death. Because of its unique energetic demands, the macula is very sensitive to metabolic shifts. As a proof of concept, subretinal injection of drugs increasing hyperosmolarity such as polyethylene glycol causes neoangiogenesis and drusen-like structures in rodents. The link between AMD and hyperosmolarity is reinforced by the fact that treatments aiming to restore mitochondrial activity, such as lipoic acid and/or methylene blue, have been experimentally shown to be effective. We suggest that metabolic shift, inflammation, and hyperosmolarity are hallmarks in the pathogenesis and treatment of AMD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Review Papers for Life)

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13 pages, 2162 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Corneal Epithelial Wavefront Error as a Novel Diagnostic Marker for Epithelial Basement Membrane Dystrophy

by Vitus Grauvogl, Wolfgang J. Mayer, Jakob Siedlecki, Niklas Mohr, Martin Dirisamer, Siegfried G. Priglinger, Stefan Kassumeh and Nikolaus Luft

Life 2024, 14(9), 1188; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091188 - 20 Sep 2024

Viewed by 320

Abstract

Synopsis: Corneal epithelial wavefront error and epithelial thickness variance qualify as highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD). The biomarkers show a normalization after treatment of EBMD with phototherapeutic keratectomy. Purpose: To gauge the diagnostic value of epithelial basement [...] Read more.

Synopsis: Corneal epithelial wavefront error and epithelial thickness variance qualify as highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD). The biomarkers show a normalization after treatment of EBMD with phototherapeutic keratectomy. Purpose: To gauge the diagnostic value of epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD), a novel spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)-based imaging modality for simultaneous morphological (thickness profile) and refractive (optical wavefront) assessment of the corneal epithelial layer in one of the most common but often underdiagnosed corneal dystrophies. Methods: In this prospective observational study, a total of 32 eyes of 32 patients diagnosed with EBMD and 32 eyes of 32 healthy control subjects were examined with high-resolution anterior segment SD-OCT (MS-39; CSO, Florence, Italy). Various epithelial thickness and epithelial wavefront-derived terms were compared between groups and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were computed to analyze the diagnostic capacity of the respective parameters. A total of 17 of 32 EBMD patients underwent treatment with phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) and were followed up for 3 months. Results: Epithelial thickness variance (60.4 ± 56.7 µm versus 7.6 ± 6.1 µm) and interquartile range (11.0 ± 6.9 versus 3.3 ± 1.9 µm) were markedly elevated in EBMD patients as compared with healthy controls (both with p < 0.001). Epithelial wavefront analysis showed a highly statistically significant excess in all examined aberration terms in EBMD patients (all with p < 0.001). Significantly greater areas under the curve (AUCs) were yielded by the epithelial wavefront-derived parameters (e.g., total epithelial wavefront error: AUC = 0.966; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.932–1) than by the epithelial thickness-derived parameters (e.g., variance: AUC = 0.919; 95% CI 0.848–0.990). Conclusions: Corneal epithelial wavefront aberrometry proved valuable as an objective biomarker for EBMD, with high sensitivity and specificity. PTK resulted in a reduction of morphological and refractive epithelial irregularities in EBMD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cornea and Anterior Eye Diseases: 2nd Edition)

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17 pages, 18118 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing Properties of Different Honey Varieties from Romania and Correlations to Their Composition

by Andreea Iosageanu, Laura Mihaela Stefan, Oana Craciunescu and Anisoara Cimpean

Life 2024, 14(9), 1187; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091187 - 20 Sep 2024

Viewed by 620

Abstract

The complex composition of honey plays a crucial role in wound healing, exhibiting varying effects at different stages of the healing process. This study investigated seven honey varieties sourced from different regions of Romania using in vitro experimental models developed in macrophage-like, fibroblast, [...] Read more.

The complex composition of honey plays a crucial role in wound healing, exhibiting varying effects at different stages of the healing process. This study investigated seven honey varieties sourced from different regions of Romania using in vitro experimental models developed in macrophage-like, fibroblast, and keratinocyte cell lines to explore the mechanisms by which honey promoted the healing process. This study assessed the impact of honey on inflammatory cytokine production in macrophage-like cells, cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in fibroblasts, and cell proliferation and migration in keratinocytes. Additionally, correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between honey composition and its biological properties. Honey varieties presented both anti- and pro-inflammatory effects. Moreover, they displayed dose-dependent pro-proliferative effects, stimulating collagen synthesis and cell migration, thereby enhancing the re-epithelialization process. The Pearson coefficient analysis indicated a strong positive correlation between biological activities and phenolic content. Additionally, there was a medium positive correlation with the ascorbic acid content and a medium negative correlation with the glucose content in the different honey varieties. Romanian honey varieties rich in phenolics showed potential in modulating inflammation, proliferation, collagen synthesis, and cell migration, suggesting their suitability for further evaluation and development of innovative dressings for skin tissue regeneration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Medicine: Unraveling the Medicinal Effects of Plant Extracts and Functional Foods)

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0 pages, 133 KiB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Robinson et al. Relationships and Within-Group Differences in Physical Attributes and Golf Performance in Elite Amateur Female Players. Life 2024, 14, 674

by Luke Robinson, Andrew Murray, Daniel Coughlan, Margo Mountjoy, Jack Wells, Rebecca Hembrough, Danny Glover, Fiona Scott, Anthony Turner and Chris Bishop

Life 2024, 14(9), 1186; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091186 - 20 Sep 2024

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Abstract

Addition of an Author [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Physical Training on Youth Athletes' Physical Performance, Health and Well-Being)

10 pages, 988 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Interaction between Vergence and Accommodation Cues in the Assessment of Fusional Vergence Range

by Marc Argilés and Genis Cardona

Life 2024, 14(9), 1185; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091185 - 19 Sep 2024

Viewed by 414

Abstract

Fusional vergence range tests are commonly used in optometric practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible contribution of CA/C, AC/A, and proximal cues (PCT) to the magnitude and presence of blur and recovery during the measurement of fusional vergence [...] Read more.

Fusional vergence range tests are commonly used in optometric practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible contribution of CA/C, AC/A, and proximal cues (PCT) to the magnitude and presence of blur and recovery during the measurement of fusional vergence ranges and to determine whether the occurrence of blur is influenced by these vergence and accommodation cues. A total of 27 participants with normal binocular vision were included and AC/A, CA/C, and PCT ratios were evaluated. Blur, break, and recovery values in convergence and divergence were assessed with base-out and base-in prisms, respectively. No statistical correlations were found between AC/A, CA/C, and PCT ratios and the magnitude of blur, break, and recovery values in neither far, near, convergence, nor divergence testing conditions. However, better near point of convergence values were related to higher break values in convergence at far distances, but not at near distances. In addition, for convergence and far distance, a statistical difference was found between groups reporting and not reporting blur in AC/A stimulus and PCT ratios. The present results cannot confirm whether vergence and accommodation cues, such as AC/A, CA/C, and PCT ratios, may play an active role during the assessment of fusional vergence range. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vision Science and Optometry)

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12 pages, 1192 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Stroboscopic Visual Conditions on the Performance of Elite Curling Athletes

by Tianhe Li, Chiyue Zhang, Xiaoyao Wang, Xinai Zhang, Zhiqiang Wu and Yapu Liang

Life 2024, 14(9), 1184; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091184 - 19 Sep 2024

Viewed by 563

Abstract

Background: In elite curling, precise time perception, speed control, and accuracy are critical components of performance. Stroboscopic training enhances visual processing speed, reaction time, motor skill control, and cognitive abilities by challenging the brain to make quick decisions with limited visual information. Purpose: [...] Read more.

Background: In elite curling, precise time perception, speed control, and accuracy are critical components of performance. Stroboscopic training enhances visual processing speed, reaction time, motor skill control, and cognitive abilities by challenging the brain to make quick decisions with limited visual information. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of stroboscopic visual conditions on the key performance aspects of elite athletes in curling to determine whether these effects can be leveraged in long-term training to enhance elite curling performance. Methods: This study involved the participation of 32 national-level male curling athletes (n = 32, age: 19.9 ± 2.2 years, height: 178.0 ± 6.2 cm, body mass: 71.9 ± 10.6 kg, and training age: 2.7 ± 0.9 years). A cross-over controlled experiment was conducted, with participants randomly assigned to either a stroboscopic-first group (n = 16) or a control-first group (n = 16). Each participant completed tests under both stroboscopic and normal visual conditions, including assessments of time perception error, speed control error, and curling accuracy. Paired sample t-tests were employed to analyse performance differences across conditions, and two-factor ANOVA was used to analyse sequence effects. Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to compare differences if the main effect was significant. Cohen’s d was used for two-group comparisons, whereas η_p² and Cohen’s f were used for comparisons involving three or more groups. Results: under stroboscopic conditions, participants experienced increased errors in time perception (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.143), delivery speed control (p = 0.016, Cohen’s d = 0.448), and reduced accuracy (p = 0.029, Cohen’s d = 0.404). The sequence main effect on speed control error was significant (p = 0.025, η_p² = 0.081, Cohen’s f = 0.297). Conclusions: Stroboscopic visual conditions negatively impacted cognition (especially time perception) and delivery performance focused on speed control and accuracy in elite curling, highlighting the potential and feasibility of using stroboscopic training to enhance elite curling performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focus on Exercise Physiology and Sports Performance)

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24 pages, 1521 KiB

Open AccessReview

Vector-Borne Zoonotic Lymphadenitis—The Causative Agents, Epidemiology, Diagnostic Approach, and Therapeutic Possibilities—An Overview

by Martina Oršolić, Nikolina Sarač and Mirjana Balen Topić

Life 2024, 14(9), 1183; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091183 - 19 Sep 2024

Viewed by 434

Abstract

In addition to common skin pathogens, acute focal lymphadenitis in humans can, in rare cases, be caused by a zoonotic pathogen. Furthermore, it can develop in the absence of any direct or indirect contact with infected animals, in cases when the microorganism is [...] Read more.

In addition to common skin pathogens, acute focal lymphadenitis in humans can, in rare cases, be caused by a zoonotic pathogen. Furthermore, it can develop in the absence of any direct or indirect contact with infected animals, in cases when the microorganism is transmitted by a vector. These clinical entities are rare, and therefore often not easily recognized, yet many zoonotic illnesses are currently considered emerging or re-emerging in many regions. Focal zoonotic vector-borne lymphadenitis and its numerous causative agents, with their variegated clinical manifestations, have been described in some case reports and small case series. Therefore, we summarized those data in this narrative overview, with the aim of raising clinical awareness, which could improve clinical outcomes. This overview briefly covers reported pathogens, their vectors and geographic distribution, and their main clinical manifestations, diagnostic possibilities, and recommended therapy. Vector-borne tularemia, plague, bartonellosis, rickettsioses, borreliosis, and Malayan filariasis are mentioned. According to the existing data, when acute focal bacterial vector-borne zoonotic lymphadenitis is suspected, in severe or complicated cases it seems prudent to apply combined aminoglycoside (or quinolone) plus doxycycline as an empirical therapy, pending definite diagnostic results. In this field, the “one health approach” and further epidemiological and clinical studies are needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Re-emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases)

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15 pages, 5276 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis of Morinda citrifolia Fruit Metabolites Suggest Anxiety Modulation through Glutamatergic Pathways

by Zaina Allyson A. Rivera, Nicholas Dale D. Talubo and Heherson S. Cabrera

Life 2024, 14(9), 1182; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091182 - 19 Sep 2024

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Abstract

The fruit of Morinda citrifolia, also known as the noni tree, has been extensively used in Polynesian culture as an alternative medicine to various diseases. Recent studies have pointed out its anxiolytic activity in vitro and in mouse models. Despite the effectiveness [...] Read more.

The fruit of Morinda citrifolia, also known as the noni tree, has been extensively used in Polynesian culture as an alternative medicine to various diseases. Recent studies have pointed out its anxiolytic activity in vitro and in mouse models. Despite the effectiveness of developed anxiolytic drugs in the market, the potential side effects of these medications have led people to resort to traditional medicine such as M. citrifolia. However, evidence regarding its anti-anxiety characteristics is still lacking to this day. Hence, this preliminary study implemented combined network pharmacology and molecular docking to validate its anti-anxiety claims. This study highlighted the bioactive compounds of the M. citrifolia fruit part to have excellent absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties, particularly their outstanding oral bioavailability and blood–brain barrier penetration, both of which are essential considerations to ensure the effectiveness of anxiolytic drugs to arrive at the site of action. Moreover, noni fruit metabolites target genes involved in glutamatergic synapse pathways, which have been significantly associated with anxiety. Through molecular docking, selected compounds exhibited a strong binding affinity towards GRIA2 and PRKCA, both of which have connections with glutamatergic pathways. With all things considered, the results established that the noni fruit potentially contains therapeutic agents that elicit anti-anxiety potential. Through this, the promotion of a more sustainable, accessible, and affordable treatment of anxiety could be developed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biochemistry, Biophysics and Computational Biology)

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