Behaviour of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in Normal and DFD Beef of an Autochthonous Portuguese Breed
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
2.1.1. Sampling
2.1.2. Microorganisms and Growth Conditions
2.1.3. Packaging
2.2. Microbial Analysis
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Behaviour of Escherichia coli O157:H7
3.2. Behaviour of Listeria Monocytogenes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Days pm | Temp. (°C) | Air | Vacuum | MAP70/20 | MAP50/40 | MAP30/60 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N ** | DFD | Sig. | N | DFD | Sig. | N | DFD | Sig. | N | DFD | Sig. | N | DFD | Sig. | ||
1 | A.I. * | 3.35 ± 0.26 | 3.41 ± 0.32 | ns | 3.15 ± 0.52 | 3.31 ± 0.37 | ns | 3.30 ± 0.20 | 3.32 ± 0.25 | ns | 3.36 ± 0.37 | 3.33 ± 0.37 | ns | 3.33 ± 0.29 | 3.37 ± 0.33 | ns |
3 | 4 ± 0.5 | 3.23 ± 0.78 | 3.20 ± 0.42 | ns | 3.48 ± 0.27 | 3.30 ± 0.33 | ns | 3.60 ± 0.18 | 3.23 ± 0.27 | ns | 3.39 ± 0.46 | 3.25 ± 0.27 | ns | 3.34 ± 0.26 | 3.33 ± 0.26 | ns |
9 ± 0.5 | 3.55 ± 0.45 | 4.16 ± 1.15 | ns | 3.51 ± 0.48 | 4.39 ± 0.65 | ns | 3.35 ± 0.43 | 3.84 ± 0.29 | ns | 3.58 ± 0.27 | 3.88 ± 0.56 | ns | 3.36 ± 0.27 | 3.56 ± 0.30 | ns | |
Sig. | ns | ns | ns | * | ns | * | ns | ns | ns | ns | ||||||
7 | 4 ± 0.5 | 3.33 ± 0.21 | 3.68 ± 0.76 | ns | 3.28 ± 0.29 | 3.04 ± 0.30 | ns | 3.51 ± 0.26 | 3.18 ± 0.21 | ns | 3.28 ± 0.19 | 2.99 ± 0.37 | ns | 3.28 ± 0.16 | 2.84 ± 0.23 | * |
9 ± 0.5 | 3.43 ± 0.73 | 6.31 ± 1.26 | ** | 3.36 ± 0.42 | 6.57 ± 0.26 | *** | 3.24 ± 0.30 | 5.61 ± 0.12 | *** | 3.27 ± 0.35 | 5.30 ± 0.49 | *** | 3.20 ± 0.35 | 4.52 ± 0.78 | * | |
Sig. | ns | * | ns | *** | ns | *** | ns | *** | ns | ** | ||||||
10 | 4 ± 0.5 | 3.36 ± 0.25 | 3.09 ± 0.60 | ns | 3.28 ± 0.36 | 2.95 ± 0.43 | ns | 3.27 ± 0.24 | 3.17 ± 0.42 | ns | 3.23 ± 0.19 | 2.98 ± 0.51 | ns | 3.19 ± 0.26 | 2.97 ± 0.34 | ns |
9 ± 0.5 | 3.44 ± 0.92 | 7.05 ± 1.42 | ** | 3.72 ± 0.76 | 7.77 ± 0.32 | *** | 3.26 ± 0.39 | 6.30 ± 0.52 | *** | 3.24 ± 0.36 | 6.25 ± 0.37 | *** | 3.39 ± 0.42 | 4.65 ± 1.22 | ns | |
Sig. | ns | ** | ns | *** | ns | *** | ns | *** | ns | * | ||||||
14 | 4 ± 0.5 | - | - | - | 3.65 ± 0.12 | 2.66 ± 0.54 | * | 3.27 ± 0.40 | 3.50 ± 0.62 | ns | 2.97 ± 0.42 | 3.04 ± 0.37 | ns | 3.12 ± 0.40 | 3.19 ± 0.39 | ns |
9 ± 0.5 | - | - | - | 3.67 ± 0.56 | 7.84 ± 0.15 | *** | 3.24 ± 0.54 | 6.59 ± 0.77 | *** | 3.31 ± 0.33 | 6.65 ± 0.38 | *** | 3.28 ± 0.33 | 4.90 ± 1.48 | ns | |
Sig. | - | - | - | ns | *** | ns | *** | ns | *** | ns | ns | |||||
21 | 4 ± 0.5 | - | - | - | 3.17 ± 0.16 | 2.60 ± 0.60 | ns | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
9 ± 0.5 | - | - | - | 3.74 ± 0.68 | 8.35 ± 0.21 | *** | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Sig. | - | - | - | ns | *** | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
28 | 4 ± 0.5 | - | - | - | 2.91 ± 0.22 | 2.81 ± 0.28 | ns | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
9 ± 0.5 | - | - | - | 3.61 ± 0.59 | 8.76 ± 0.64 | *** | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Sig. | - | - | - | ns | *** | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Days pm | Temp (°C) | Air | Vacuum | MAP70/20 | MAP50/40 | MAP30/60 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N ** | DFD | Sig. | N | DFD | Sig. | N | DFD | Sig. | N | DFD | Sig. | N | DFD | Sig. | ||
1 | A.I.* | 3.10 ± 0.88 | 3.02 ± 1.12 | ns | 2.90 ± 0.64 | 3.13 ± 0.81 | ns | 2.96 ± 0.94 | 3.02 ± 0.75 | ns | 2.91 ± 0.96 | 3.06 ± 0.82 | ns | 2..46 ± 1.07 | 2.97 ± 0.99 | ns |
3 | 4 ± 0.5 | 2.78 ± 1.19 | 2.91 ± 1.15 | ns | 2.80 ± 1.21 | 3.20 ± 0.86 | ns | 2.64 ± 0.96 | 2.64 ± 0.89 | ns | 2.56 ± 0.89 | 2.60 ± 0.98 | ns | 2.34 ± 1.29 | 2.55 ± 1.21 | ns |
9 ± 0.5 | 2.81 ± 0.93 | 3.39 ± 1.05 | ns | 2.95 ± 1.04 | 3.74 ± 1.17 | ns | 2.61 ± 0.65 | 3.41 ± 0.92 | ns | 2.61 ± 0.79 | 3.17 ± 1.00 | ns | 2.74 ± 0.66 | 3.19 ± 0.92 | ns | |
Sig. | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ||||||
7 | 4 ± 0.5 | 2.51 ± 0.90 | 3.76 ± 0.90 | ns | 2.71 ± 0.92 | 3.86 ± 0.92 | ns | 2.21 ± 0.93 | 3.06 ± 0.69 | ns | 2.08 ± 0.87 | 2.92 ± 0.81 | ns | 2.25 ± 0.66 | 2.64 ± 0.99 | ns |
9 ± 0.5 | 1.83 ± 0.67 | 7.25 ± 0.68 | *** | 2.68 ± 0.83 | 7.11 ± 0.61 | *** | 1.74 ± 0.76 | 6.49 ± 0.83 | *** | 1.79 ± 0.91 | 6.17 ± 0.91 | *** | 1.99 ± 0.77 | 5.55 ± 0.62 | *** | |
Sig. | ns | *** | ns | ** | ns | *** | ns | ** | ns | ** | ||||||
10 | 4 ± 0.5 | 2.48 ± 0.62 | 4.47 ± 0.91 | * | 2.55 ± 1.10 | 4.55 ± 0.90 | * | 1.59 ± 0.88 | 3.89 ± 0.90 | * | 1.63 ± 1.08 | 3.21 ± 0.79 | ns | 1.49 ± 0.85 | 2.63 ± 0.98 | ns |
9 ± 0.5 | 2.07 ± 0.75 | 8.25 ± 0.45 | *** | 2.54 ± 0.81 | 8.24 ± 0.20 | *** | 1.69 ± 1.01 | 7.91 ± 0.57 | *** | 1.37 ± 0.74 | 7.79 ± 0.20 | *** | 1.42 ± 0.72 | 7.01 ± 0.37 | *** | |
Sig. | ns | *** | ns | *** | ns | *** | ns | *** | ns | *** | ||||||
14 | 4 ± 0.5 | - | - | - | 2.04 ± 1.04 | 5.71 ± 0.81 | ** | 1.35 ± 0.79 | 4.82 ± 1.05 | ** | 1.32 ± 0.72 | 4.07 ± 1.29 | ** | 1.68 ± 1.15 | 3.33 ± 1.27 | ns |
9 ± 0.5 | - | - | - | 2.66 ± 0.53 | 8.33 ± 0.13 | *** | 2.50 ± 0.78 | 8.55 ± 0.32 | *** | 2.54 ± 0.74 | 8.53 ± 0.30 | *** | 2.45 ± 0.75 | 7.91 ± 1.09 | *** | |
Sig. | - | - | - | ns | *** | ns | *** | ns | *** | ns | ** | |||||
21 | 4 ± 0.5 | - | - | - | 2.08 ± 0.64 | 6.78 ± 0.69 | *** | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
9 ± 0.5 | - | - | - | 2.23 ± 0.72 | 8.29 ± 0.28 | *** | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Sig. | - | - | - | ns | ** | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
28 | 4 ± 0.5 | - | - | - | 1.71 ± 1.20 | 7.57 ± 0.41 | *** | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
9 ± 0.5 | - | - | - | 1.86 ± 0.69 | 8.14 ± 0.41 | *** | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Sig. | - | - | - | ns | ns | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
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Saraiva, C.; Saraiva, S.; Patarata, L.; da Conceição Fontes, M.; Martins, C. Behaviour of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in Normal and DFD Beef of an Autochthonous Portuguese Breed. Foods 2023, 12, 1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12071420
Saraiva C, Saraiva S, Patarata L, da Conceição Fontes M, Martins C. Behaviour of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in Normal and DFD Beef of an Autochthonous Portuguese Breed. Foods. 2023; 12(7):1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12071420
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaraiva, Cristina, Sónia Saraiva, Luis Patarata, Maria da Conceição Fontes, and Conceição Martins. 2023. "Behaviour of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in Normal and DFD Beef of an Autochthonous Portuguese Breed" Foods 12, no. 7: 1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12071420