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A Livable City: Rational Land Use and Sustainable Urban Space

A special issue of Land (ISSN 2073-445X). This special issue belongs to the section "Urban Contexts and Urban-Rural Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (8 August 2024) | Viewed by 10452

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yangyi Wu

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Guest Editor

School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Interests: regional sustainable development; spatial modeling; statistics; spatiotemporal analysis; land-use policy; sustainability in land management processes and urban planning; urban sprawl; coupled human-natural systems; environmental countermeasures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Monika Kopecká

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Guest Editor

Department of Geoinformatics, Institute of Geography, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Stefanikova 49, 814 73 Bratislava, Slovakia
Interests: land-use/land-cover change; landscape fragmentation; urban dynamics; ecosystem services; remote sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The concept of livability in an urban context has increasingly become a central focus for researchers, policymakers, and urban planners. As the world’s population continues to urbanize at an unprecedented rate, the question of how to make cities more livable, sustainable, and equitable has risen as a key concern. Given this background, this Special Issue, “A Livable City: Rational Land Use and Sustainable Urban Space”, aims to contribute to this crucial discourse by advancing urban planning strategies and practices.

The notion of a “livable city” encompasses a wide array of components, including environmental sustainability, social equity, economic viability, and cultural vibrancy. Thus, it is highly related to the spatial organizations of an urban environment, society, and economy, which constitute the essential targets of urban planning. Therefore, the concepts of rational land use and sustainable urban spaces are critical when addressing the multifaceted challenges that cities face today. As such, this Special Issue invites contributions that shed light on innovative urban planning strategies, policy interventions, and practical initiatives demonstrating the potential to transform cities into more livable spaces. Additionally, through articles with various foci, including empirical studies, theoretical explorations, and methodology contributions, this Special Issue aims to comprehensively evaluate current trends, challenges, and opportunities related to the concept of creating livable cities. We seek to foster a multidisciplinary dialogue that can inform and inspire urban planners, policymakers, and geographers committed to the vision of sustainable and equitable urban development.

The scope of this call encompasses (but is not limited to) the following areas:

Strategies for sustainable land use;
The impact of land-use regulations;
Innovative approaches to urban planning, design, and architecture;
New methods in urban spatial planning;
Smart city technologies in urban infrastructure management;
Addressing equity and inclusivity in urban development;
Economic impacts of urban planning decisions;
Public participation and governance in urban planning processes;
Adapting urban spaces to climate change challenges;
Strategies for resilient urban infrastructure.

Dr. Yangyi Wu
Dr. Monika Kopecká
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Land is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

rational land use
sustainable urban space
urban planning and design
spatial optimization
public participation and governance
land-use policy

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Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 16125 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Correlation between the Dynamic Distribution Patterns of Urban Population Density and Land Use Morphology Based on Human–Land Big Data: A Case Study of the Shanghai Central Urban Area

by Yi Shi, Yi Zheng, Daijun Chen, Junyan Yang, Yue Cao and Ao Cui

Land 2024, 13(10), 1547; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13101547 - 24 Sep 2024

Viewed by 260

Abstract

The dynamic distribution of urban population density and the interaction with land use elements involve mutual constraints and guidance. However, in the existing research on the relationship between urban population density and land use, the discussion on the distribution patterns of urban population density typically spans long time periods and uses large spatial units, lacking analysis of the dynamic changes in population density within high granularity land parcels over a day. In studies related to the urban built environment, the complex relationships between different-dimensional land use elements and the dynamic distribution of population density also need further exploration. To address these bottlenecks, this study takes Shanghai’s central urban area as an example. Based on 24 h mobile signaling data on weekdays, weekends, and typical holidays, as well as urban land use data, clustering algorithms are used to summarize patterns of dynamic population density distribution. Pearson correlation analysis is then employed to study the correlation between dynamic population density distribution patterns and different land use elements. The results indicate that various urban land use factors such as locational centrality, functional diversity, transportation accessibility, compactness, and landscape quality have different impacts on the dynamic distribution of population density in spatial units, and the dynamic distribution patterns of population density in different land use types also vary. This research contributes to guiding the optimization of spatial quality and formulating planning and management measures that more effectively match construction intensity with population activity density. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Livable City: Rational Land Use and Sustainable Urban Space)

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18 pages, 6373 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial Distribution and Location Determinants of High-Tech Firms in Shenzhen, a Chinese National Innovative City

by Lu Cui, Jing Shen, Zhuolin Mai, Chenghui Lin and Shaogu Wang

Land 2024, 13(9), 1355; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091355 - 25 Aug 2024

Viewed by 420

Abstract

The development of high-tech firms is a vital driver for the economic growth of a city but their distribution and location determinants at the intra-urban level are still unclear. We aim to deepen the understanding of location determinants of high-tech firms, so we construct an analytical framework and use GeoDetector to investigate high-tech firms in Shenzhen based on firms and POI open data in 2023. We find that high-tech firms are distributed in a spatial pattern of ‘one core and six clusters’ with high density in the western area despite industrial heterogeneity. Agglomeration economies and amenity-based factors play a significant role in the distribution of high-tech firms. Institutional factors and classical locational factors have more significant effects on the location of high-tech service and manufacturing firms, respectively. This study contributes to the literature on study spatial units, the influence of amenities, and industrial specificities. These findings highlight public policies on industrial park planning, transportation systems, and public services. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Livable City: Rational Land Use and Sustainable Urban Space)

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23 pages, 12450 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Equity Evaluation of Healthcare Accessibility across Age Strata Using the G2SFCA Method: A Case Study in Karamay District, China

by Lu Liu, Runyi Gao and Li Zhang

Land 2024, 13(8), 1259; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081259 - 9 Aug 2024

Viewed by 615

Abstract

Equitable access to healthcare services is essential for residents’ well-being and social equity, requiring the rational spatial distribution of healthcare facilities in urban planning. Compared with major studies on the spatial accessibility and equity of healthcare services in first-tier cities, second-tier cities, which form the foundational structure of the global urban system, have not be given sufficient attention. Therefore, this study takes Karamay District in Karamay as a case study to analyze the spatial equity of healthcare services using place-based accessibility measures. For accessibility calculations, we employ the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method to separately analyze the accessibility to hospitals and primary healthcare (PHC) institutions, considering factors such as the number of facilities, population, distance, and transportation modes. Second, we utilize global and local Moran’s I for spatial analysis to identify areas with varying levels of accessibility. Furthermore, considering the spatial equity for different social groups, this study innovatively proposes an analytical framework for assessing healthcare accessibility and equity across age groups using residential-level data and an adjusted search radius in second-tier cities, typically those with small-scale urban areas. The results reveal significant spatial clustering in healthcare accessibility, similar to that observed in most first-tier cities, as well as notable differences in the spatial distribution between hospital accessibility and PHC accessibility. Regarding age strata, results show that the elderly have lower access to hospitals but higher access to PHC institutions, which is opposite to the situation observed for children. Overall, second-tier cities demonstrate better equity in healthcare accessibility compared to first-tier cities, particularly regarding hospital accessibility. However, there are minor inequities in PHC accessibility for children aged 0–12 years. Our findings may provide valuable insights and essential data support for healthcare resource allocation and land use planning in second-tier cities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Livable City: Rational Land Use and Sustainable Urban Space)

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24 pages, 3506 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification and Redevelopment of Inefficient Residential Landuse in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Ring Expressway Area in Harbin City of China

by Xin Wang, Xiwen Bao, Ziao Ge, Jiayao Xi and Yinghui Zhao

Land 2024, 13(8), 1238; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081238 - 8 Aug 2024

Viewed by 674

Abstract

The current efficiency of residential land utilization is witnessing a decline, attributable to accelerated urbanization and inefficient resource allocation, thereby presenting unprecedented threats and challenges to the quality of urban living and the pursuit of high-quality urban development. To enhance residents’ satisfaction and well-being, and to effectively activate existing land resources, it is imperative to accurately identify inefficient residential landuse and its driving factors. While the literature on identifying inefficient urban landuse is expanding, research specifically focusing on residential land, which is closely linked to residents’ lives, remains limited. Furthermore, the factors contributing to inefficient land use are relatively inadequate. Therefore, this study employs a “two-step identification method” to comprehensively identify inefficient residential landuse and utilizes standard deviation ellipses and kernel density assessment methods to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of such land. Subsequently, the study employs the Random Forest (RF) model to quantitatively analyze factors such as building quality, economic, social, and ecological factors, aiming to provide a scientific basis for subsequent redevelopment initiatives. The findings reveal that inefficient residential landuse is primarily concentrated in city centers, particularly in districts such as Nangang and Xiangfang. In relative inefficient residential areas, aside from Nangang District and Xiangfang District, Songbei District also holds a significant proportion. The intensity of these associations with inefficient residential landuse formation varies depending on urban development history and regional development intensity. In areas other than Songbei District, factors such as aging residential neighborhoods and inadequate green spaces are major contributors to inefficient land use efficiency, whereas in Songbei District, insufficient medical and educational facilities are the primary factors. The RF algorithm, distinguished by its flexibility and accuracy, offers novel perspectives and methods for analyzing issues related to inefficient residential landuse. Moreover, it effectively manages nonlinear relationships between the data, avoiding overfitting and generating precise regression and classification results. Thus, the RF algorithm demonstrates significant promise for widespread application in urban land studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Livable City: Rational Land Use and Sustainable Urban Space)

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23 pages, 16186 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Spatiotemporal Matching Relationship between Metro Networks and Urban Population from an Evolutionary Perspective: Passive Adaptation or Active Guidance?

by Kexin Lei, Quanhua Hou, Yaqiong Duan, Yafei Xi, Su Chen, Yitong Miao, Haiyan Tong and Ziye Hu

Land 2024, 13(8), 1200; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081200 - 4 Aug 2024

Viewed by 812

Abstract

With the operation of the first route in Xi’an City, the matching relationship between the metro networks and the urban population is a root factor affecting the utilization of rail transit facilities. The mismatch between the metro networks and the urban population has led to an imbalance between the supply and demand for rail transport, resulting in wasted urban infrastructure. Based on this issue, the research objective is to focus on the spatiotemporal variations of the matching relationship. Firstly, the topological network model abstractly extracted metro spatial distribution features, and the spatial autocorrelation model was adopted to identify the evolution characteristics of the metro networks and urban population. Secondly, this paper adopted a time-lagged regression model to demonstrate the action relationship from 2011 to 2021. Then, the compositive coordination index was utilized to assess the variation of the global matching relationship. Finally, the paper explored spatial heterogeneity through the coupling coherence degree attached to grid cells. The research results indicate that the Moran’s I value of metro elements decreased from 0.782 to 0.510 with the further complexity of topological networks, while the population was consistently high in spatial dependence with a Moran’s I value of around 0.75 during the decade. Based on the regression coefficients and significance, this paper verified the hypothesis that the metro networks and urban population had a positive time-lagged feedback effect in urban development. From 2011 to 2021, the compositive coordination index symbolizing the global matching relationship increased from 0.29 to 0.90, but the coupling coherence degree shows significant spatial heterogeneity in different grid units. Differentiated spatial planning strategies were proposed for varied areas to efficiently utilize rail transit, which may provide a reference for other cities with the same reality problem. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Livable City: Rational Land Use and Sustainable Urban Space)

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23 pages, 5414 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evolutionary Characteristics of Urban Public Space Accessibility for Vulnerable Groups from a Perspective of Temporal–Spatial Change: Evidence from Nanjing Old City, China

by Ning Xu and Pu Wang

Land 2024, 13(7), 998; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13070998 - 6 Jul 2024

Viewed by 584

Abstract

Social equity/inequity and equal/unequal rights to the city extend beyond the distribution of urban parks and green spaces, necessitating research on equitable accessibility to encompass a broader range of public spaces. However, previous research has predominantly focused on green spaces, neglecting other types of public spaces. To address this gap, the present study takes the public space pattern of Nanjing Old City as the research object, employing the minimum distance method, the gravity potential method, and bivariate local Moran’s I to evaluate the matching relationship between the demand of socially vulnerable groups and the supply of public spaces, as well as its temporal–spatial evolution from 2010 to 2020. The results reveal spatial heterogeneity in the accessibility of public spaces for vulnerable groups at the block level, with 28.1% of the total number of blocks and 22.1% of the total area of blocks experiencing a supply–demand imbalance in 2010. From 2010 to 2020, under the rapid urban development, construction of public spaces, and the general decline in population density and proportion of vulnerable populations, the supply–demand imbalance has exacerbated the distribution of public spaces at both individual and aggregate levels. This imbalance is reflected in the deteriorated accessibility of public spaces for vulnerable groups. This study reveals the mismatches between development, population movement, and public space construction in the old city of Nanjing over the past decade, providing decision-making suggestions and foundations for the future optimization of public spaces, thereby offering an effective tool for assessing and improving the accessibility and equitable distribution of public spaces based on the needs of vulnerable groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Livable City: Rational Land Use and Sustainable Urban Space)

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24 pages, 1766 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Can Public Spaces Contribute to Increased Incomes for Urban Residents—A Social Capital Perspective

by Yiqing Su, Huan Xu and Xiaoting Zhang

Land 2024, 13(7), 945; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13070945 - 28 Jun 2024

Viewed by 639

Abstract

The recovery of the global economy in the aftermath of COVID-19 faces enormous challenges. Ensuring stable income growth of the population has become an important means for developing countries to ensure sustained economic development. Raising the overall income of the population is a public initiative that benefits all citizens; therefore, governments of developing countries should promote the implementation of relevant public policies and the provision of public goods to ensure that existing economic instruments can benefit the entire population. In this regard, public space, as a typical form of public good, may play an important role in promoting the benefits of existing economic policies for all residents. This paper examines how residents’ use of public space contributes to their income growth through social capital. Hypotheses are tested based on an econometric analysis of 1565 questionnaires received from Chinese workers. The results show that residents’ use of public space can indeed be an important way to increase their income, which is realized through the enhancement of social capital. The research presented in this paper provides a new influence variable of public space to improve residents’ income. Further, it improves people’s understanding of the three classical concepts—public space, social capital, and income—by establishing the logical connection and theoretical explanation of physical space, emotional space, and value space in human society. The conclusions of this paper highlight the important role of public space in urban and rural development planning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Livable City: Rational Land Use and Sustainable Urban Space)

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25 pages, 13151 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial Quality Measurement and Characterization of Daily High-Frequency Pedestrian Streets in Xi’an City

by Linggui Liu, Yuheng Tu, Maoran Sun, Han Lyu, Peijie Wang and Jing He

Land 2024, 13(6), 885; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13060885 - 19 Jun 2024

Viewed by 782

Abstract

Street space plays a crucial role in human activity and social life, forming an essential component of a livable and sustainable built environment. Consequently, its quality has garnered significant attention from researchers, designers, and policymakers who aim to achieve precise assessments of street infrastructure and conditions. This study presents a multi-dimensional framework for evaluating street space, considering factors such as access frequency, environmental quality, and amenity richness. By utilizing city-level path planning data, street view imagery, point of interest data, and social media check-in data, this framework assesses each street and assigns scores across these dimensions. These scores facilitate a human-centered analysis of the disparities in street usage and quality. The aggregation of results by administrative regions supports effective policy formulation and implementation. Application of this framework in Xi’an, China, reveals that only 6.95% of frequently visited streets exhibit high environmental quality and functional richness. This study underscores the potential of leveraging public data for detailed street space assessments to inform urban renewal policies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Livable City: Rational Land Use and Sustainable Urban Space)

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21 pages, 8245 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Shopping Mall Site Selection Based on Consumer Behavior Changes in the New Retail Era

by Ruibin Zhou, Chenshuo Wang, Dongting Bao and Xiaolan Xu

Land 2024, 13(6), 855; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13060855 - 14 Jun 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1195

Abstract

As a product of the development of e-commerce over a specific period of time, the “new retail model” breaks the barriers between the traditional retail industry and e-commerce. Supported by Internet technology, it builds a new business model of “physical store + e-commerce + logistics” through the integration of online, offline, and logistics, which also leads to a great change in consumer behavior. Therefore, in order to meet consumer demand and achieve the long-term development of shopping malls, while taking into account the fair allocation of urban space resources, the indicators and methods of shopping mall site selection evaluation in the new retail era will be significantly different from traditional shopping mall site selection decisions. In this paper, the Wuhan East Lake Hi-Tech Zone is selected as the research object, and a comprehensive AHP-GIS assessment model is proposed. By investigating the impact of consumers’ behavioral changes on shopping mall location in the new retail era, a suitability evaluation system containing eight evaluation indicators is constructed, and the weights of each factor are determined using hierarchical analysis. At the same time, GIS is used to process the spatial analysis of the indicators, and combined with the weights of the factors, superposition analysis and quantitative research are carried out. Finally, based on the correlation analysis between ratings and customer flow, the suitability evaluation results are further supported in order to provide a more objective and scientific basis for the location of shopping malls from the perspective of the change in consumer behavior under the new retail model, and to put forward universal suggestions for the construction and development of shopping malls in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Livable City: Rational Land Use and Sustainable Urban Space)

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25 pages, 18237 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Assessment of Urban Residential Environment Quality Based on Multi-Source Geospatial Data: A Case Study of Beijing, China

by Shijia Zhang, Yang Xia, Zijuan Li, Xue Li, Yufei Wu, Peiyi Liu and Shouhang Du

Land 2024, 13(6), 823; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13060823 - 7 Jun 2024

Viewed by 769

Abstract

Assessing the urban residential environment quality (REQ) is essential for advancing sustainable urban development and enhancing urban residents’ living standards. Traditional REQ assessments rely on statistical data, prone to delays and lacking holistic insight. This study takes residential blocks as the analysis units and is conducted within the area of the Sixth Ring Road in Beijing. It synthesizes multi-source geospatial data to devise a comprehensive framework for assessing urban REQ, incorporating facets of environmental health and comfort, housing comfort, transportation convenience, city security, and life convenience. Utilizing the principle of minimal relative informational entropy, this study integrates the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with the entropy method to determine the weight of each evaluative criterion. Subsequently, a linear weighting technique is employed to ascertain the scores for each evaluative criterion, thus facilitating a detailed examination of the REQ. Finally, the research probes into the complex interrelation between the assessed REQ and the city’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and carbon emissions across varying scales. Findings reveal that (1) the overall REQ within Beijing’s Sixth Ring Road is superior at the center and diminishes towards the periphery. (2) The dispersion of environmental health and comfort and city security metrics is relatively uniform, showing minor variations; however, a marked disparity is observed in the distribution of housing comfort metrics. (3) Regions characterized by higher GDP tend to demonstrate relatively higher levels of the REQ. Conversely, areas boasting higher-quality urban REQ are more inclined to exhibit increased levels of carbon emissions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Livable City: Rational Land Use and Sustainable Urban Space)

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20 pages, 10979 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Environmental Inequality in Peri-Urban Areas: A Case Study of Huangpu District, Guangzhou City

by Jing Shen, Shaogu Wang and Yuyin Wang

Land 2024, 13(5), 703; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13050703 - 16 May 2024

Viewed by 1445

Abstract

This research investigates environmental inequalities within Guangzhou’s Huangpu District against the backdrop of rapid urbanisation and industrial expansion in Asia. This study identifies environmental hotspots, particularly in socially vulnerable areas characterised by high industrial density, using a vulnerability framework and analysing census and pollution data. Utilising satellite imagery, urban planning documents, and field research, we delve into the internal environmental conflicts arising from industrial land use. Our findings reveal how diverse stakeholders, guided by their rationales and interests, collectively contribute to spatial inequalities within a market-driven context. Importantly, we emphasise that environmental inequality transcends mere conflicts of interest among stakeholders and is fundamentally shaped by the prevailing market-oriented spatial development model in peri-urban areas. This model results in urban segmentation, socio-economic stratification, and an uneven distribution of environmental risks and resources. Our study advocates for a paradigmatic shift in China’s peri-urban spatial development and the integration of environmental protection and social equity alongside economic growth. We recommend moving away from short-term speculative practices and promoting long-term, community-engaged urban renewal strategies that harmonise economic progress with improved living standards and environmental sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Livable City: Rational Land Use and Sustainable Urban Space)

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17 pages, 285 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Effects of Affordable Housing Land Supply on Housing Prices: Evidence from 284 Cities in China

by Xue Han and Changchun Feng

Land 2024, 13(5), 580; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13050580 - 27 Apr 2024

Viewed by 1017

Abstract

The policy objectives of affordable housing programs in China are two-fold: on the one hand, they are designed to assist low- and moderate-income families and reduce inequality; on the other hand, they are intended to lower commodity housing prices. However, the effects of affordable housing land on housing prices, particularly the between-city variation and the mechanisms behind the market effects, have not been sufficiently examined, making it difficult to evaluate the housing policy and improve it accordingly. In this study, we address these gaps by using a prefecture-level panel dataset covering 2009–2020, obtained from national land and housing transaction information platforms. We use a threshold model to investigate the threshold effect of population size and a mediating model to uncover the channels through which the supply of affordable housing land affects housing prices. The results confirm that the affordable housing land supply can have a beneficial influence in terms of slowing down the increase in housing prices. The population size plays a significant role in explaining the between-city market effect variations. In cities with a population greater than 10.78 million, increasing the supply of affordable housing land would cause the housing prices to increase. Meanwhile, in cities with smaller populations, increasing the supply of affordable housing land could lower the housing prices. The underlying mechanisms of the market effects vary across cities with different population sizes. Although affordable housing land crowds out commodity housing land in all cities, housing demand diversion only exists in cities with a smaller population. At present, China is experimenting with city-specific housing policies; our findings imply that decision makers should explore additional policy options, besides building on incremental construction land, in order to make housing more affordable in supercities in China. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Livable City: Rational Land Use and Sustainable Urban Space)

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