Colombie

OECD’s periodic surveys of the Colombian economy. Each edition surveys the major challenges faced by the country, evaluates the short-term outlook, and makes specific policy recommendations. Special chapters take a more detailed look at specific challenges. Extensive statistical information is included in charts and graphs.

This report assesses and monitors progress in the design and implementation of SME policies in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. It was developed as part of the OECD LAC Regional Programme, in co-operation with CAF-Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean and the Latin American and Caribbean Economic System (SELA). The 2024 report tracks progress made since 2019 across eight policy dimensions and presents the latest key findings on SME development and related policies. It identifies emerging challenges impacting SMEs in the region and provides recommendations for governments to build a successful SME sector. The 2024 edition, the second in the series, benefits from an updated methodology that analyses SME digital transformation support policies, introduces a green economy pilot dimension, and incorporates a cross-cutting gender approach. This edition extends the coverage by introducing two new countries (Brazil and Paraguay) to the already seven participating countries (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay), guaranteeing the inclusion of all members of the Pacific Alliance and Mercosur.

Este informe evalúa y monitorea el progreso en el diseño e implementación de políticas para PyMEs en la región de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Ha sido elaborado como parte del Programa Regional ALC de la OCDE, en cooperación con CAF-Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina y el Caribe y el Sistema Económico Latinoamericano y del Caribe (SELA). El reporte de 2024 hace un seguimiento de los progresos realizados desde 2019 en ocho dimensiones de política pública y presenta las últimas conclusiones clave sobre el desarrollo de las PyMEs. Identifica los retos emergentes que afectan a las PyME en la región y ofrece recomendaciones a los gobiernos para construir un sector de PyME exitoso. La edición de 2024, la segunda de la serie, se beneficia de una metodología actualizada que analiza las políticas de apoyo a la transformación digital de las PyMEs, introduce una dimensión piloto de economía verde e incorpora un enfoque transversal de género. Esta edición amplía la cobertura introduciendo dos nuevos países (Brasil y Paraguay) a los ya siete países participantes (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, México, Perú y Uruguay), garantizando la inclusión de todos los miembros de la Alianza del Pacífico y Mercosur.

Este relatório avalia e monitora o progresso na elaboração e implementação de políticas para PMEs na região da América Latina e do Caribe (ALC). Ele foi preparado como parte do Programa Regional da OCDE para a ALC, em cooperação com o CAF-Banco de Desenvolvimento da América Latina e do Caribe e o Sistema Econômico da América Latina e do Caribe (SELA). O relatório 2024 acompanha o progresso desde 2019 em oito dimensões de políticas públicas e apresenta as principais conclusões mais recentes sobre o desenvolvimento das PMEs. Ele identifica os desafios emergentes que afetam as PMEs na região e oferece recomendações aos governos para construir um setor de PMEs bem-sucedido. A edição de 2024, a segunda da série, se beneficia de uma metodologia atualizada que analisa as políticas de apoio à transformação digital das PMEs, introduz uma dimensão piloto de economia verde e incorpora uma abordagem transversal de gênero. Esta edição amplia a cobertura com a introdução de dois novos países (Brasil e Paraguai) aos já sete países participantes (Argentina, Chile, Colômbia, Equador, México, Peru e Uruguai), garantindo a inclusão de todos os membros da Aliança do Pacífico e do Mercosul.

While means-tested benefits such as minimum income benefits (MIB) and unemployment assistance (UA) are an essential safety net for low-income people and the unemployed, incomplete take-up is the rule rather than the exception. Building on desk research, open-ended surveys and semi-structured interviews, this paper investigates the opportunities and risks of using artificial intelligence (AI) for managing these means-tested benefits. This ranges from providing information to individuals, through determining eligibility based on pre-determined statutory criteria and identifying undue payments, to notifying individuals about their eligibility status. One of the key opportunities of using AI for these purposes is that this may improve the timeliness and take-up of MIB and UA. However, it may also lead to systematically biased eligibility assessments or increase inequalities, amongst others. Finally, the paper explores potential policy directions to help countries seize AI’s opportunities while addressing its risks, when using it for MIB or UA management.

Este reporte analiza las prácticas actuales de contratación pública de computadoras personales y portátiles en Chile, Colombia y México, enfocándose en la neutralidad competitiva y la interacción con el mercado. También recomienda mejoras en lo relativo a accesibilidad, competencia y conocimiento del mercado para las autoridades de contratación pública de América Latina, con base en las mejores prácticas y principios relevantes de la OCDE, como la Recomendación de la OCDE sobre Contratación Pública 2015.

This report takes stock of current ICT procurement practices in Chile, Colombia, and Mexico, focusing on vendor neutrality and market engagement in the purchase of personal computers and laptops. It also provides recommendations for improving access, competition, and market knowledge for procurement agencies in Latin America, based on OECD good practices and relevant principles, such as the 2015 OECD Recommendation on Public Procurement.

Colombia joined the OECD in 2020, bringing to a successful conclusion an accession process that began in 2013. During the accession process, Colombia made important reforms and progress in the area of labour market and social policies, converging towards OECD best policies and practices. However, the OECD invited the Colombian government to continue its reform agenda in four areas in particular: (1) labour informality and subcontracting; (2) labour law enforcement; (3) collective bargaining; and (4) crimes against trade unionists. This report is the OECD’s second post-accession assessment.

In an era defined by the urgent climate crisis, unpredictable weather patterns and increasingly frequent natural disasters, ensuring infrastructure resilience to such events is paramount. This report discusses ways of enhancing government capacities to prevent, react and rebuild, thereby minimising the impact of natural disasters on infrastructure assets and operations. It identifies data, collaboration and technologies as drivers of resilience, and highlights financial resources, technical skills and regulatory frameworks as key enablers. The report presents seven actionable principles to ensure infrastructure resilience, drawing from global good practices and in-depth analyses of infrastructure projects in Colombia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Japan, Mozambique and the United States.

This dataset comprises statistics on different transactions and balances to get from the GDP to the net lending/borrowing. It includes national disposable income (gross and net), consumption of fixed capital as well as net savings. It also includes transaction components such as net current transfers and net capital transfers. Data are expressed in millions of national currency as well as US dollars and available in both current and constant prices. Data are provided from 1950 onwards.

This database refers to the OECD Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels, taking stock of almost 800 spending programmes and tax breaks used by governments in 36 OECD countries and 6 key emerging G20 economies (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa) to encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.

El presente estudio busca analizar y proveer recomendaciones de política para una internacionalización de la región del Pacifico con el fin de promover un mayor desarrollo inclusive y sostenible. Si bien la región del Pacifico tiene unas características geográficas, naturales y culturales únicas, la región presenta altas disparidades y en algunas zonas presenta importantes retos a la atractividad internacional.

The OECD review of Gender Equality in Colombia: Towards a Better Sharing of Paid and Unpaid Work is the third in a collection of reports focusing on Latin American and the Caribbean countries, and part of the series Gender Equality at Work. The report compares gender gaps in labour and educational outcomes in Colombia with other countries. Particular attention is put on the uneven distribution of unpaid work, and the extra burden this places on women. It investigates how policies and programmes in Colombia can make this distribution more equitable. The first part of the report reviews the evidence on gender gaps and on what causes these, including the role played by attitudes. The second part develops a comprehensive framework to address these challenges, presenting a broad range of options to reduce the unpaid work burden falling on women, and to increase women’s labour income. Earlier reviews in the same collection have looked at gender equality policies in Chile (2021) and Peru (2022).

El informe de la OCDE Igualdad de género en Colombia: Hacia una mejor distribución del trabajo remunerado y no remunerado es el tercer informe de una colección de informes que tiene como foco los países de América Latina y el Caribe, y forma parte de la serie Igualdad de género en el trabajo. El informe compara las brechas de género en los resultados laborales y educativos en Colombia con otros países OCDE y de la región. El informe presta particular atención a la distribución desigual del trabajo no remunerado y la carga adicional que esto implica para las mujeres Así mismo, investiga cómo las políticas y programas en Colombia pueden hacer que esta distribución sea más equitativa. La primera parte del informe examina la evidencia sobre las brechas de género y sus causas, incluyendo el papel que juegan los estereotipos de género. La segunda parte desarrolla un marco global para abordar estos retos, presentando una amplia gama de opciones para reducir la carga de trabajo no remunerado que recae sobre las mujeres y aumentar los ingresos laborales de las mujeres. Estudios anteriores de la misma colección han analizado las políticas de igualdad de género en Chile (2021) y Perú (2022).

As societies become increasingly digital, the importance of cyber security has grown significantly for individuals, companies, and nations. The rising number of cyber attacks surpasses the existing defense capabilities, partly due to a shortage of skilled cyber security professionals. This report delves into the analysis of the demand for cyber security experts in Latin America, using information from online job postings in Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. The analysis investigates recent trends in job demand for various cyber security roles, the geographical distribution of cyber security job postings, and the evolving skill requirements in this field. Additionally, the report focuses on the supply side by examining the landscape of cyber security education and training programmes in Colombia. It explores the different types of programmes offered in vocational and higher education, the characteristics of learners enrolled in these programmes, and their outcomes. Lastly, the report examines policies and initiatives implemented in Colombia to enhance the accessibility and relevance of cyber security education and training programmes. This report is part of a broader initiative that examines the evolution of policies and experiences in the cyber security profession around the world.

This reliable and up-to-date source of OECD quarterly balance of payments and international merchandise trade statistics provides a detailed insight into the most recent trends in trading patterns for OECD countries with the rest of the world. Balance of payments data are presented adjusted for seasonal variations. International trade data are broken down by country. The series shown cover data for the last ten quarters and two years available. This quarterly publication is divided into three parts: I. Balance of payments and international trade, II. International merchandise trade by country and III. International trade by commodity (annual data). The third part is a special topic which changes with each publication.

In recent decades, Colombia has pursued a strategy to encourage gender equality as an important enabler of inclusive growth and national well-being and to promote gender mainstreaming through institutions, policies and tools. This report assesses four main pillars of Colombia’s governance for gender equality, analysing strengths and identifying areas for further improvement. It examines strategic planning for gender equality policy, a whole-of-government approach to promoting gender equality policy, using government tools to achieve gender equality objectives, and an inclusive and gender-sensitive emergency preparedness framework. The report also provides examples of different approaches in OECD Member and Partner countries to closing gender equality gaps. Based on this analysis, the report proposes solutions to help Colombia strengthen gender mainstreaming and gender-sensitive policy making to promote sustainable, inclusive economic growth.