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Macroscopic Internal Variables and Mesoscopic Theory: A Comparison considering Liquid Crystals
Version 1
: Received: 26 December 2017 / Approved: 27 December 2017 / Online: 27 December 2017 (08:00:59 CET)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Papenfuss, C.; Muschik, W. Macroscopic Internal Variables and Mesoscopic Theory: A Comparison Considering Liquid Crystals. Entropy 2018, 20, 81. Papenfuss, C.; Muschik, W. Macroscopic Internal Variables and Mesoscopic Theory: A Comparison Considering Liquid Crystals. Entropy 2018, 20, 81.
Abstract
Internal and mesoscopic variables differ from each other fundamentally: both are state space variables, but mesoscopic variables are additional equipped with a distribution function introducing a statistical item into consideration which is missing in connection with internal variables. Thus, the alignment tensor of liquid crystal theory can be introduced as an internal variable or as one generated by a mesoscopic background using the microscopic director as mesoscopic variable. Because the mesoscopic variable is part of the state space, the corresponding balance equations change into mesoscopic balances, and additionally an evolution equation of the mesoscopic distribution function appears. The flexibility of the mesoscopic concept is not only demonstrated for liquid crystals, but is also discussed for dipolar media and flexible fibers.
Keywords
mesoscopic theory; internal variables; liquid crystals; damage parameter; dipolar media; flexible fibers
Subject
Physical Sciences, Applied Physics
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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