Review
Version 1
Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Noninvasive Electromagnetic Wave Sensing of Glucose
Version 1
: Received: 1 October 2018 / Approved: 1 October 2018 / Online: 1 October 2018 (14:04:05 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Zhang, R.; Liu, S.; Jin, H.; Luo, Y.; Zheng, Z.; Gao, F.; Zheng, Y. Noninvasive Electromagnetic Wave Sensing of Glucose. Sensors 2019, 19, 1151, doi:10.3390/s19051151. Zhang, R.; Liu, S.; Jin, H.; Luo, Y.; Zheng, Z.; Gao, F.; Zheng, Y. Noninvasive Electromagnetic Wave Sensing of Glucose. Sensors 2019, 19, 1151, doi:10.3390/s19051151.
Abstract
Diabetic patients need long-term and frequent glucose monitoring to assist in insulin intake. The current finger-prick devices are painful and costly which make noninvasive glucose sensors highly demanded. In this review paper, we discuss several advanced electromagnetic (EM) wave based technologies for noninvasive glucose measurement, including infrared (IR) spectroscopy, photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence, optical coherent tomography (OCT) and microwave sensing. Development and progress of each method are discussed regarding fundamental principle, system setup and experimental results. Despite the promising achievements reported previously, there is no established product to obtain FDA approval or survive marketing test. Limitations and prospects of these techniques are discussed at the end of this review.
Keywords
noninvasive glucose measurement; IR spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; photoacoustic spectroscopy; microwave sensing
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Other
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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