Version 1
: Received: 9 July 2021 / Approved: 15 July 2021 / Online: 15 July 2021 (15:00:44 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 27 August 2021 / Approved: 30 August 2021 / Online: 30 August 2021 (12:52:30 CEST)
Smodiš Škerl, M.I.; Rivera-Gomis, J.; Tlak Gajger, I.; Bubnič, J.; Talakić, G.; Formato, G.; Baggio, A.; Mutinelli, F.; Tollenaers, W.; Laget, D.; Malagnini, V.; Zanotelli, L.; Pietropaoli, M. Efficacy and Toxicity of VarroMed® Used for Controlling Varroa destructor Infestation in Different Seasons and Geographical Areas. Appl. Sci.2021, 11, 8564.
Smodiš Škerl, M.I.; Rivera-Gomis, J.; Tlak Gajger, I.; Bubnič, J.; Talakić, G.; Formato, G.; Baggio, A.; Mutinelli, F.; Tollenaers, W.; Laget, D.; Malagnini, V.; Zanotelli, L.; Pietropaoli, M. Efficacy and Toxicity of VarroMed® Used for Controlling Varroa destructor Infestation in Different Seasons and Geographical Areas. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 8564.
Smodiš Škerl, M.I.; Rivera-Gomis, J.; Tlak Gajger, I.; Bubnič, J.; Talakić, G.; Formato, G.; Baggio, A.; Mutinelli, F.; Tollenaers, W.; Laget, D.; Malagnini, V.; Zanotelli, L.; Pietropaoli, M. Efficacy and Toxicity of VarroMed® Used for Controlling Varroa destructor Infestation in Different Seasons and Geographical Areas. Appl. Sci.2021, 11, 8564.
Smodiš Škerl, M.I.; Rivera-Gomis, J.; Tlak Gajger, I.; Bubnič, J.; Talakić, G.; Formato, G.; Baggio, A.; Mutinelli, F.; Tollenaers, W.; Laget, D.; Malagnini, V.; Zanotelli, L.; Pietropaoli, M. Efficacy and Toxicity of VarroMed® Used for Controlling Varroa destructor Infestation in Different Seasons and Geographical Areas. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 8564.
Abstract
VarroMed® is a soft acaricide registered for honey bees on the European Union market since 2017 for Varroa control. Researchers involved were partners of different countries of the Varroa control task force of COLOSS Association. Our goal was to evaluate performances (acaricide efficacy and toxic effects on honey bees) of VarroMed® in different climatic conditions. Our results in the tested apiaries showed an efficacy ranging from 71.2 to 89.3 % in summer/autumn, and from 71.8 % to 95.6 % in winter. No toxic effects on bees were observed, except in one apiary, where severe cold climatic conditions played a crucial role. The treatment could be efficiently applied in brood right as well as in broodless colonies. Integrated pest management (IPM) recommendations for bee-keepers are provided in order to apply the best Varroa control protocol.
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
30 August 2021
Commenter:
Maja Smodis Skerl
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment:
We improved figures and graphs according to reviewer's suggestions. Some references were added and minor English language corrections were done.
Commenter: Maja Smodis Skerl
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author
Some references were added and minor English language corrections were done.