Valle Díaz, F.R.; Apaza-Apaza, O.A.; Rodriguez-Peceros, R.I.; Huamán-Cuya, A.; Valle-Sherón, J.F.; Luque-Rivera, J.V.; Dávila-Ignacio, C.V.; Chaccara-Huachaca, H. Sustainability of Informal Artisanal Mining in the Peruvian Andean Region. Sustainability2023, 15, 15586.
Valle Díaz, F.R.; Apaza-Apaza, O.A.; Rodriguez-Peceros, R.I.; Huamán-Cuya, A.; Valle-Sherón, J.F.; Luque-Rivera, J.V.; Dávila-Ignacio, C.V.; Chaccara-Huachaca, H. Sustainability of Informal Artisanal Mining in the Peruvian Andean Region. Sustainability 2023, 15, 15586.
Valle Díaz, F.R.; Apaza-Apaza, O.A.; Rodriguez-Peceros, R.I.; Huamán-Cuya, A.; Valle-Sherón, J.F.; Luque-Rivera, J.V.; Dávila-Ignacio, C.V.; Chaccara-Huachaca, H. Sustainability of Informal Artisanal Mining in the Peruvian Andean Region. Sustainability2023, 15, 15586.
Valle Díaz, F.R.; Apaza-Apaza, O.A.; Rodriguez-Peceros, R.I.; Huamán-Cuya, A.; Valle-Sherón, J.F.; Luque-Rivera, J.V.; Dávila-Ignacio, C.V.; Chaccara-Huachaca, H. Sustainability of Informal Artisanal Mining in the Peruvian Andean Region. Sustainability 2023, 15, 15586.
Abstract
The purpose was to reflect on the sustainability of artisanal and informal mining in the Peruvian Andean zone by 2022. The type of research was basic, non-experimental design, ex post facto scope. The sample consisted of: statistics on crime prevention due to socio-environmental conflicts from the National Prosecutor's Office and the Ombudsman's Office, reports of interventions targeted at artisanal and informal miners. The procedure focused on gathering secondary information for a documentary review analysis that is based on proven and disseminated past facts. Artisanal and informal mining is strengthened in the Peruvian Andean zone by incidence and force: 1) the social license and agreements by community assembly, 2) the flexibility in compliance with the formalization, preventive and environmental protection laws, 3) the 50% increase in socio-environmental conflict due to mining activity, 4) a 25% progressive increase in the production costs of agricultural and livestock activities. The direct consequences on environmental sustainability are: 1) the delimited reconversion of the change in agricultural land use in a third of the communal territories in basin headwaters; 2) displacement of environmentally friendly economic activity by 20% in basin headwaters; 3) the impossibility of modification or intervention in water surfaces, bofedales by communal agreements.
Keywords
conflicto; costs; deterioration of the territory; laws; social license
Subject
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Environmental Science
Copyright:
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