Version 1
: Received: 5 September 2023 / Approved: 6 September 2023 / Online: 6 September 2023 (09:30:08 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 6 September 2023 / Approved: 7 September 2023 / Online: 7 September 2023 (11:45:43 CEST)
Liu, C.; Wang, K.; Du, Y.; Shan, Y.; Duan, P.; Ramzan, N. Hydrothermal Carbonization of Cellulose with Ammonium Sulfate and Thiourea for the Production of Supercapacitor Carbon. Polymers 2023, 15, 4478. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15234478
Liu, C.; Wang, K.; Du, Y.; Shan, Y.; Duan, P.; Ramzan, N. Hydrothermal Carbonization of Cellulose with Ammonium Sulfate and Thiourea for the Production of Supercapacitor Carbon. Polymers 2023, 15, 4478. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15234478
Liu, C.; Wang, K.; Du, Y.; Shan, Y.; Duan, P.; Ramzan, N. Hydrothermal Carbonization of Cellulose with Ammonium Sulfate and Thiourea for the Production of Supercapacitor Carbon. Polymers 2023, 15, 4478. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15234478
Liu, C.; Wang, K.; Du, Y.; Shan, Y.; Duan, P.; Ramzan, N. Hydrothermal Carbonization of Cellulose with Ammonium Sulfate and Thiourea for the Production of Supercapacitor Carbon. Polymers 2023, 15, 4478. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15234478
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose was examined at 240 ℃ for 1 h. Ammonium sulfate and thiourea were selected as the doping sources of inorganic nitrogen and organic nitrogen for the preparation of supercapacitor carbon. The effect of boric acid on the properties of the resulting hydrochar after KOH activation was examined. The results showed that the proportion of functional groups and the specific surface area of the activated hydrochar would be reduced after the addition of boric acid, and the pore-forming process of the micropores would be inhibited. The hydrochar obtained from the reaction of cellulose and organic nitrogen compounds had better pore size distribution and electrochemical properties after activation. The largest specific surface area (952.27 m2 g-1) was obtained when only thiourea was used as the only doping source. In the three-electrode system, the specific capacitance resulting activated hydrochar reached 236.25 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1. After 20,000 cycles of charging and discharging at a current density of 10 A g-1, the capacitance retention rate reached 99.96%. Therefore, this study proves that the supercapacitor carbon with good electrochemical properties could be obtained by the direct reaction of cellulose with organic nitrogen compounds.
Chemistry and Materials Science, Chemical Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Commenter: Peigao Duan
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author